I-TVSS (i-Voltage Surge Suppressor)

I-TVSS (I-Voltage Surge Suppressor) futhi I-SPD (idivayisi yokuvikela i-Surge Protective), kokubili ibhekisela kudivayisi engavimba uhlelo oluphansi lwamandla kagesi kusuka emonakalweni wezinto ezihamba phambili, ama-spikes noma ama-surges (isimangalo esingaqondakali sombani esivela emigqeni yamandla).

Igama le-TVSS lithandwa kakhulu emazweni ajwayelekile e-UL afana ne-United States, eCanada nakwamanye amazwe aseMelika Naphakathi neNingizimu Ningizimu noma ePhilippines. 

I-TVSS vs i-TVS, ingabe iyafana?

Qaphela ukuthi ungahlanganisi leli gama I-TVSS nge I-TV. I-TVs isifinyezo sokucindezela isikhathi eside se-voltage. Kusuka egameni labo, kubonakala sengathi kuyinto efanayo. Noma kunjalo embonini yokuvikelwa kwemishini, i-TV iyisakhi kagesi (i-diode) ekhonza ngenhloso yokucindezela ukukhuphuka. Ngenye yezingxenye zokuzivikela ezivame kakhulu ze-3 (enye i-2 i-MOV ne-GDT). Njenge-MOV ne-GDT, i-TVS ingasetshenziselwa ukwenza i-TVSS futhi empeleni iyasetshenziselwa i-togeter nge-MOV ne-GDT. I-GDT ingakwazi ukusingatha umbani omkhulu kakhulu nokuhamba kwamanje okwamanje iyaphendula ngenkathi i-TVS ingakwazi ukusingatha i-current encane yamanje kodwa isabela ngendlela esheshayo kakhulu kune-GDT ne-MOV futhi ngaleyo ndlela i-3 ifake ukusebenzisana okuphelele ekuqedeni ukukhuphuka.

Kungani abakhiqizi be-SPD bengasachazi imikhiqizo yabo njenge-TVSS?

I-TVSS Amadivaysi ayehlala emndenini okhudlwana wamadivaysi okucindezela ukuqhutshwa okubizwa ngokuthi ama-SPDs (Ama-Protect Devices Devices). Kusukela ku-UL 1449 3rd I-Edition kanye neKhodi kaZwelonke kagesi ka-2008, igama elithi “SPD” selisuse amagama athi “TVSS” (iTransient Voltage Surge Suppressor) nelithi “Secondary Surge Arrester”. Ama-SPD manje ahlukaniswa njengoHlobo 1, Uhlobo 2, Uhlobo 3 noma Uhlobo 4 futhi akhethwa ngokususelwa kuhlelo lokusebenza nendawo ezosetshenziswa kuyo. Ngezinguquko zakamuva zamagama ezenziwe yi-UL ne-NEC, azisekho izinhlangano zamazinga ezisebenzisa igama elithi TVSS, njenge-IEEE®, IEC® kanye ne-NEMA™ baye basebenzisa igama elithi "SPD" iminyaka eminingi.

Lena inguqulo elula yokuziphendukela kwe-TVSS ku-SPD. Noma kunjalo, i-TVSS ne-SPD ayinakushintshaniswa. I-TVSS eyayiziwa ngaphambili manje iyinhlobo ye-2 SPD njengenguqulo endala ye-UL, i-TVSS efakwe eceleni komthwalo wokungena kwensizakalo. Kodwa i-SPD ingafakwa ifakwe ehlangothini lomthwalo noma eceleni.

Kodwa-ke, kubathengi abavamile, uthatha i-TVSS ne-SPD njengento efanayo futhi unganaki ukuhluka okuncane kwezobuchwepheshe.

I-TVSS i-Surge Suppressor noma i-Surge Protector ngesimo somugqa wamandla?

Yebo, kunemichilo eminingi yamandla noma isamukeli ngomsebenzi wokuvikela ukuqhuma emakethe. Imvamisa sibiza lolu hlobo lwemikhiqizo surge suppressor noma i-surge protector futhi enye yepharamitha yabo enkulu isilinganiso se-joules. Kodwa-ke laba bacindezeli bokuqhaqhazela noma abavikeli bokuqhuma ngendlela yomucu wamandla abalingani ne-TVSS.

Ungacabanga nge-TVSS njengomndeni omkhulu womkhiqizo kanye nokucindezela ukucindezela noma ukuvikela umkhumbi kuphela ingxenye yayo. Ngokweqile, sibheka lokhu ukucindezela ukucindezela noma ukukhuphula uhlobo lokuvikela i-3 TVSS noma i-point-of-use ye-TVSS njengoba ijwayele ukufakwa eceleni kwemishini evikelwe futhi isebenza njengesivikelo sokugcina sokuvikela ukuqhuma. Thayipha i-1 noma uthayiphe i-2 TVSS ngokuvamile efana nebhokisi noma iphaneli, ngezinye izikhathi ingaba mkhulu kakhulu. Ipharamitha yalo enkulu ayikali isilinganiso se-Joules kepha amandla okukhuphuka. Thayipha i-1 / 2 / i-3 i-TVSS yenza ama-3 ahlanganiswe amakhemikhali wokuvikela.

I-TVSS (i-voltage exge suppressor suppressor) isebenza kanjani?

Amagama agcwalisa idivayisi yokuvikelwa (SPD) kanye ne-suppressor ye-voltage exgeant (I-TVSS) zisetshenziselwa ukuchaza amadivaysi kagesi afakwe ngokugcwele kuma-panels wokusatshalaliswa kwamandla, izinhlelo zokulawula izinqubo, izinhlelo zokuxhumana, nezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza ezisindayo, ngenhloso yokuvikela ngokumelene nokuqhutshwa kwamagesi kanye nezinpiksi, kuhlanganise nalabo abangelwa umbani. Izinguqulo eziphazamisekile-phansi lezi madivaysi ngezinye izikhathi zifakwe emasenini kagesi angena emisebenzini yokuhlala, ukuvikela imishini emakhaya kusuka ezinozini ezifanayo.

Kuyini ukuma okwesikhashana kulesi sigameko sokuthi umfutho wezintambo ungapheli isikhathi eside?

Uma ubheka isichazamazwi, kusho isikhathi esincane ihlala isikhathi esifushane. Noma uma ubheka i-Wikipedia, izokutshela: Umcimbi wesikhashana ukuqhuma kwamandla amancane ohlelweni olubangelwa ukuguquka kwesimo okungazelelwe.

Kodwa emkhakheni wokucindezela ukukhuphuka, kuncane kangakanani okuhamba kwesikhathi? Uma ukuphelelwa amandla kuphelile, isibonelo, imizuzwana ye-5, ingabe iphela? Akunjalo neze. Ekucindezelweni kokukhuphuka, ukuqhuma kokuhamba kwesikhathi kwenzeka ezincane ze-microsecond (1 / 1000 yesibili) noma ngisho ne-millisecond (1 / 1000000 yesibili). Ngakho-ke manje uqaphela ukuthi kungashesha kangakanani ukuqhuma.

Futhi lokho kuphakamisa esinye isihloko: yini ukuqhubekela phambili okuhlala isikhathi eside kunesikhathi esiphezulu futhi kanjani ukucindezela ukukhuphuka (noma idivayisi yokuvikelwa komzimba) uphendule kuleso simo?

Lokho kukhwabanisa yilokho esikubiza ngokuthi ukunqwabelana kwesikhashana (TOV). Ukuphelelwa yisikhathi okwesikhashana akuyona into yokucindezela ukukhuphuka. Eqinisweni, ukucindezela ukucindezeleka kuyisisulu somkhuhlane wesikhashana. Ukuphakama, okunamandla kunakho konke, kugcina kuphela ama-microsecond noma ama-milliseconds ngakho-ke kuthunyelwa kuphela inani elinganiselwe lamandla kumcindezeli wokukhuphuka. Noma kunjalo, i-TOV, njengoba ihamba nayo isikhathi eside kakhulu, impela iveza umthelela owonakalisayo kuma-suppressors okukhuphuka okuvame ukusekelwe ensimbi oxide varistor (MOV) ngakho-ke i-MOV ngaphakathi kokucindezela ukuqhuma ishisa futhi ekugcineni ithole umusi futhi ibambe umlilo.

Ngakho-ke, igridi yamandla esitebeleni ibalulekile kunoma imuphi umkhiqizo kagesi kuhlanganise nokucindezela ukucindezeleka. Kulungile, mhlawumbe uyazibuza: Ngiphila endaweni lapho igridi yamandla yinkinga. Kulokhu, i-TVSS ayisebenzi? Abakhiqizi baseYurophu abacindezelayo ukucindezela usinikeze isibonelo esihle kakhulu. Mayelana neminyaka engu-20 eyedlule, abakhiqizi be-European overge suppressor baqala ukuthekelisa idivayisi yokuvikelwa kwe-surge ku-China kodwa eziningi zalezi SPD, ezisebenza kahle eYurophu, zishiswa ezincwadini. Esinye sezizathu eziyinhloko ukuthi i-Europe inegridi yamandla enamandla kakhulu futhi ngaleyo ndlela abakhiqizi be-SPD baqala ukucindezela ukuqhuma nge-Uc / MCOV (ukuqhubeka kwamandla / ukuphakama okuqhubekayo ngaphezu kwe-voltage) cishe nge-255V. Kodwa iminyaka engu-20 edlule e-China, igridi yamandla ayikuphelelanga futhi ukuguquguquka kwamandla kagesi kuvame kakhulu. Inkinga ixazululwa ngemuva kokuba abakhiqizi be-SPD bamukele i-Uc / MCOV ephakeme.

Ngakho-ke, uma nje ukhetha i-TVSS nge-Uc / MCOV ephakeme, kulungile ukuthi usebenzise i-TVSS ezindaweni eziguquguqukayo. Isibonelo, uma sithumela ukucindezela ukunyuka kwethu eNdiya, sivame ukwamukela i-Uc / MCOV ku-320V noma i-385V.

Izinhlobo ezahlukene ze-TVSS (i-Voltage Surge Suppressor)

Kusho ukuthini ngohlobo 1 / 2 / 3 TVSS? Ezingeni elingu-UL 1449, uhlobo lwe-TVSS lugxila kakhulu endaweni yalo yokufaka.

Thayipha i-1 TVSS, nakuba ifakwe ngokuyinhloko eceleni komnyango wokungena kwensizakalo, isebenza kunoma yikuphi ngaphakathi kwesistimu yokusatshalaliswa kwamandla.

Thayipha i-2 TVSS efakwe eceleni komthwalo womnyango wokungena (okungukuthi, iphaneli yegatsha) ngenkathi uhlobo lwe-3 TVSS (ngokuvamile okuthathwa kwamandla, izitsha noma ama-plugs) kufakwe eduze kwezixhobo ezivikelwe.

Nansi umdwebo wezinhlobo ze-TVSS ezisekelwe ezindaweni zokufaka.

Umthombo osuka ku-nemasurge.org

I-TVSS / i-Voltage Surge Suppressor

I-Prosurge inikeza uchungechunge olugcwele lwezingxenye ze-TVSS ngokusekelwe ku-ANSI / UL 1449 4th edition kanye ne-EN / IEC61643-1 / 11

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