Izixhobo ezikhuselekileyo (SPDs) zifuneka ukuba zivavanywe ngaphantsi kwemifudlana yokukhupha imiphumo ngokubanzi kunye neengcamango ze-8 / 20 ms kunye ne-10 / 350 ms. Nangona kunjalo, ngokuphuculwa kweemveliso ze-SPD, ukusebenza kunye nokumelana nokukwazi ukusetyenziswa kwee-SPD phantsi koovimba beemvavanyo eziqhelekileyo kufuna uphando olungakumbi. Ukuze uphande kwaye uqhathanise ukumelana nokukwazi ukumelana nama-SPD ngaphantsi kwe-8 / 20 ms kunye ne-10 / 350 ms ujikelezo lweemitha, iimvavanyo zenziwa kwiintlobo ezintathu ze-varistor-metal oxist (MOVs) ezisetyenziswa kwiiklasi ze-SPD. Iziphumo zibonisa ukuba ii-MOV ezinomlinganiselo ophezulu wokumisela zilungele ukuma amandla phantsi kwe-8 / 20ms yangoku impembelelo, ngelixa isiphelo phantsi kwe-10 / 350ms isisombululo samanje siyahambelana. Ngaphantsi kwe10 / 350 ms wamanje, ukungaphumeleli kwe-MOV kuhambelana nombane otyunjweyo ngeyunithi yunithi ngaphantsi komgudu owodwa. Ukuqhawulwa yinkomfa enkulu yomonakalo phantsi kwe-10 / 350ms yangoku, enokuthi ichazwe njengecala elinye le-encapsulation ye-plastiki ye-MOV kunye nekhadi le-electrode. Ukukhutshwa kwezinto ze-ZnO, ezibangelwa ukutshabalalisa phakathi kwephepha le-electrode kunye ne-ZnO surface, kubonakala kufuphi ne-electrode ye-MOV.

1. Intshayelelo

Izixhobo ezikhuselekileyo (SPDs) ezixhunyaniswe kwiinkqubo zamandla aphantsi, iindlela zokunxibelelana ngee-telecommunication kunye nezibonakaliso kufuneka zihlolwe phantsi kweemfuno ze-IEC kunye ne-IEEE standards [1-5]. Ukuqwalasela indawo kunye nokukhanya okwenzekayo okwangoku kungabandezeleka, ii-SPD zifuneka ukuba zivavanywe ngaphantsi kwemifudlana yokukhupha imiphumo ngokubanzi kunye neendlela zokutshintsha kwe-8 / 20 ms kunye ne-10 / 350 ms [4-6]. Indlela ekhoyo yangoku ye8 / 20 ms isetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo ukulinganisa umbane (6-8]. I-current disin discharge current (In) kunye ne-current maximum discharge (Imax) ye-SPD zichazwe zombini nge-8 / 20 ms msgstr (4-5]. Ukongezelela, i-8 / 20 ms msululwazi ngoku usebenziseka ngokubanzi kwi-SPD yokushiya kwamandla kunye nokuhlolwa komsebenzi [4]. I-10 / 350ms isisombululo samanje sisoloko sisetyenziselwa ukulinganisa umbane oza ngqo ukubuyisela uhlangothi olukhoyo [7-10]. Olu hlobo lokutshatyalaliswa ludibana neerameters for the current discharge current for the class I I SPD vavanyo, esetyenziswe ngokukhethekileyo ukuvavanywa komsebenzi okongezelelweyo kwi-class I SPDs [4]. Ngethuba lovavanyo lohlobo [4-5], inani elithile elichaziweyo leemitha eziphambili kufuneka zifake izicelo kwi-SPDs. Ngokomzekelo, i-8 / 20 im currents kunye nezihlanu ze-10 / 350 ms ujikelezo lweemitha ezifunekayo zokuvavanywa komsebenzi kwi-class I SPDs [4]. Nangona kunjalo, ngokuphuculwa kweemveliso ze-SPD, ukusebenza kunye nokumelana nokukwazi ukusetyenziswa kwee-SPD phantsi koovimba beemvavanyo eziqhelekileyo kufuna uphando olungakumbi. Uphando oludlulileyo lugxininise ekusebenzeni kwe-MOV ngaphantsi kwe-8 / 20 ms current impulse yangoku [11-14], ngelixa ukusebenza ngokuphindaphindiweyo i-10 / 350 ms current impulse ayiphenywanga ngokupheleleyo. Ngaphezulu, i-class I SPDs, efakwe kwiindawo zokuphakama okuphezulu kwizakhiwo nakwiinkqubo zokuhambisa, zithinteka kakhulu kwizibetho zombane [15-16]. Ngoko ke, ukusebenza kunye nokumelana nokukwazi ukusebenza kweeklasi ze-SPD phantsi kwe-8 / 20 ms kunye ne-10 / 350 i-currents impulse ezifunekayo ukuba ziphande. Leli phepheni liphanda ngokukhawuleza ukumelana nokukwazi ukusebenza kwee-SPD zeklasini phantsi kwe-8 / 20 ms kunye ne-10 / 350 i-currents impulse currents. Iintlobo ezintathu ze-MOV eziqhelekileyo ezisetyenziselwa i-SPD zeklasi zamukelwa ukuhlalutya. I-amplitude yamanje kunye nenani leempembelelo zilungelelaniswe iimvavanyo eziliqela. Ukuthelekiswa kwenzelwa ukumelana nokukwazi ukunyamekela i-MOV phantsi kweentlobo ezimbini zeengxolo zamagalelo. Imoya yokuwahluleka kweesampuli ze-MOV ezingaphumeleli emva kokuvavanywa kwakhona.

2. Ubeko lweMvavanyo

Iintlobo ezintathu ze-MOV eziqhelekileyo ezisetyenziselwa i-SPD zeklasini zamkelwa kwiimvavanyo. Kuhlobo ngalunye lwe-MOV, iisampuli ze-12 ezenziwe yi-EPCOS zamukelwa phantsi kweentlobo ezine zokulinga. Iiparamitha zazo eziphambili ziboniswe kwiTHEBULI I, apho kumela ukutshabalalisa okukhoyo okukhoyo kwe-MOV phantsi kwe-8 / 20μs impulse, i-Imax ibonisa ukutshabalalisa okona mkhulu phantsi kwe-8 / 20μs impulse, iimp imela ukukhutshwa kwamanzi ngokubanzi ngaphantsi kwe-10 / 350μs, i-UDC1mA imela I-voltage ye-MOV elinganiswe phantsi kwe-1 mA DC yangoku, i-Ur ibonisa ukutshaya kwe-MOV phantsi kwe-In.

Umzobo. I-1 ibonisa i-generator yangoku yentshukumo engatshintshiweyo ukuvelisa kwi-10 / 350 ms kunye ne-8 / 20 im impuls yangoku. Ikhoyili ye Pearson iyakwamukelwa ukulinganisa iimitha eziphambili kuma-MOV ahlolwe. Umhlukanisi wamandla kunye ne-14.52 isetyenziselwa ukulinganisa imithwalo yokuhlala. I-oscilloscope yedijithali yeTEK DPO3014 iyakwamukelwa ukurekhoda iifomu zokutshintsha.

Ngokomgangatho wovavanyo lwe-SPD [4], i-amplitudes ezamkelwe kwi-8 / 20 ms wamanje ziquka i-30kA (0.75Imax) ne-40kA (Imax). Am amplitudes amkelwe kwi-10 / 350 ms wamanje iquka i-0.75Iimp kunye ne-Iimp. Ukubhekiselele kokuvavanywa komsebenzi we-MOVs [4], iziphumo ezi-15 ze-8 / 20ms zisetyenziselwa kwiisampula ze-MOV, kunye nexesha eliphakathi kweempembelelo yi-60. Ngako oko, umgca we-flowchart yenkqubo yokulinga iboniswa kumzobo. 2.

Inkqubo yokulinga ingachazwa ngokuthi:

(1) Imilinganiselo yokuqala: Iimodeli ze-MOV zibonakaliswe ne-UDC1mA, iUre, kunye neefoto ekuqaleni kweemvavanyo.

(2) Faka izicelo ezilishumi elinesihlanu: Hlaziya i-generator yangoku yenzalo ukukhupha i-current impulse yangoku. Iziphumo ezilishumi elinesibhozo kunye nexesha le-60 zisetyenziswe kwisampula se-MOV ngokulandelelana.

(3) Rekhoda iifom zefom yee-MOV kunye nemigodi emva kwesicelo ngasinye somfutho.

(4) Ukuhlola okubonakalayo kunye nemilinganiselo emva kweemvavanyo. Hlola ummandla we-MOV ukukhangela okanye ukuhlutha. Ukulinganisa i-UDC1mA ne-Uri emva kweemvavanyo. Thatha iifoto ze-MOV ezilimele emva kokuvavanywa. Imigaqo yokupasa yokuhlola, ngokwe-IEC 61643-11 [4], idinga ukuba zombini iirekhodi kunye neengxelo zangoku, kunye nokuhlolwa okubonakalayo, akuyi kubonisa ukuba kukho ukuboniswa okanye ukutshabalalisa iisampuli. Ukongeza, i-IEEE Std. I-C62.62 [5] iphakanyise ukuba i-Ur i-Urt (i-MOV residual voltages kwi-In) ayiyi kuguquka ngaphezu kwe-10% ukusuka kwi-Ur ekulinganisiweyo. Std. IEC 60099-4 [17] ifuna ukuba i-UDC1mA ayifanele ilahleke ngaphezu kwe-5% emva kokuvavanya.

  1. Ukukwazi ukumelana phantsi kwe-8 / 20 ms

Kule candelo, i-8 / 20 ms currents impulse kunye ne-amplitudes ye-0.75Imax kunye ne-Imax ifakwe kwisampuli ze-SPD ngokulandelanayo. Inguqu yenguqu ye-posttest ilinganiswe i-UDC1mA kwaye i-Ur ichazwa ngokuthi:

apho, i-Ucr ibonisa ukuguquka kwesilinganiselo semilinganiselo elinganisiweyo. Uat ibonisa ixabiso elilinganiselwe emva kweemvavanyo. Ubt ibonisa ixabiso elilinganiselwe phambi kovavanyo.

I-3.1 Iziphumo phantsi kwe-8 / 20 ms umgca we-impulse yangoku kunye ne-0.75Imax

Iziphumo zokuvavanya zeentlobo ezintathu ze-MOV ngaphantsi kwe-8 / 20 ms currents impulse kunye ne-0.75Imax (30 kA) iboniswe kwiTHEBULI II. Isiphumo salo lonke uhlobo lwe-MOV sisilinganiso seesampuli ezifanayo.

ITHEBHA II

Iziphumo phantsi kwee-8 / 20 zemizila yeempembelelo ze-30 kA

Ingabonwa kwiTABLEII ukuba emva kwe-8 / 20 imp impses isetyenziswe kwi-MOVs, utshintsho lwe-UDC1mA neUre luncinane. "Ukupasa" ukuhlolwa okubonakalayo kuthetha akukho monakalo obonakalayo kwi-MOV ezihlolwe. Ngaphezu koko, kunokubonwa ukuba ngokunyuka kwe-MOV yokunciphisa umbane, i-Ucr iba yincinci. Efana ne-Ucr yincinci yeV460 uhlobo lwe-MOV. Ingagqitywa ukuba ezi ntlobo ezintathu ze-MOV zingadlula zonke i-8 / 20 ms impulse kunye ne-30 kA peak.

I-3.2 Iziphumo phantsi kwe-8 / 20 ms msululwazi yangoku kunye nenqanaba le-Imax

Ukuqwalasela iziphumo zokulinga ngasentla, ukuphakama kwe-8 / 20 ms wamanje kwanda kwi-40 kA (Imax). Ukongeza, inani leempembelelo linyuka libe li-20 kwi-V460 uhlobo lwe-MOV. Iziphumo zovavanyo ziboniswe kwiTHEBULI III. Ukuze uthelekise ukuxhamla kwamandla kwiintlobo ezi-3 ze-MOV, i-Ea / V isetyenziselwa ukumela amandla amanzi athatywayo nganye kwiyunithi yesilinganiso seminyaka elishumi elinesihlanu okanye emashumi amabini. Apha, "umyinge" uqwalaselwa kuba ukunyusa kwamandla kwi-MOVs kuyahluke kancinci ngaphantsi kwesisombululo ngasinye.

ISIHLOKO III

Iziphumo phantsi kwee-8 / 20 zemizila yeempembelelo ze-40 kA

Ingabonwa kwiTHEBULI III ukuba xa i-amplitude yangoku ikhutshwa kwi-40 kA, i-Ucr ye-UDC1mA ilahleka ngaphezu kwe-5% ye-V230 kunye ne-V275, nangona utshintsho lwe-MOV lokushiya kwamandla lusekho kwi-10%. Uhlolo olubonakalayo alubonisi nomonakalo obonakalayo kwii-MOV ezivavanyo. I-ForV230 kunye ne-V275 uhlobo lwe-MOV, i-EA / V ithetha amandla athatywayo ngeyunithi yeyunithi kunye nomyinge wezinto ezilishumi elinesihlanu. I-EA / V ye-V460 imela amandla angathathiweyo ngeyunithi yeyunithi kunye nomyinge weempembelelo ezingamashumi amabini. ISICWANGCISO III sibonisa ukuba ii-MOV ezinombane ophezulu (V460) zinama-Ea / V amakhulu kunama-MOV anomlinganiselo wokunciphisa umbane (V275 kunye neV230). Ngaphezu koko, ngoku ukusetyenziswa kwamandla ngokuphindaphindiweyo kwi-V460, amandla angamanzi ngeyunithi yeyunithi (i-E / V) yanda kancane, njengoko iboniswe kwiFi. 3.

Ngoko ke, kunokugqitywa ukuba i-V230 kunye ne-V275 uhlobo lwe-MOVs ayikwazanga ukumelana ne-8 / 20ms iimpembelelo zangoku kunye nenqanaba le-Imax, ngoxa i-V460 uhlobo lwe-MOV inokumelana nokukhutshwa kwamanzi ngokubanzi ukuya kwi-20 impulses. Oku kuthetha ukuba ii-MOV ezinomlinganiselo wokumisela ophezulu zinokumelana nokukwazi ukuxhomekeka kwi-8 / 20ms yangoku.

4. Ukumelana nokukwazi ukuxhomekeka phantsi kwe-10 / 350 ms

Kule candelo, i-10 / 350 ms currents impulse kunye ne-amplitudes ye-0.75Iimp kunye ne-Iimp ifakwe kwisampuli ze-SPD ngokulandelanayo.

I-4.1 Iziphumo phantsi kwe-10 / 350 ms umgca we-impulse ngoku kunye ne-0.75Iimp

Ekubeni i-Iimp yeentlobo ezintathu ze-MOV zihlukile, i-10 / 350 imitha ye-amplitude ye-4875A isetyenziswe kwi-V230 kunye ne-V275, kwaye iimpembelelo nge-amplitude ye-4500 A zisetyenziswe kwi-V460. Emva kokusebenzisa izilwanyana ezilishumi elinesihlanu, iinguqu ze-UDC1mA ne-Ur kwi-MOV ezivivinywa ziboniswe kwiTHEBULI IV. I-ΣE / V ithetha ukutyhilwa kwe-E / V yezicelo ezifunyenweyo.

Ingabonwa kwiTHEBULI IV emva kokusebenzisa i-10 / 350 i-currents yam currents nge-0.75Iimp, i-V230 ingadlulela uvavanyo, ngelixa utshintsho lwe-UDC1mA ye-V275 luyeke ngaphezu kwe-5%. Ukuvuvukala kunye nentshontsho kubonakala kwi-encapsulation yeplastiki yeV275. Ifoto yeV275 kunye ne-crack encane iboniswa kumzobo 4.

Uhlobo lwe-V460 MOV, emva kweyesibhozo ye-10 / 350 ms impress nge-Peak ye-4500A isetyenzisiwe, i-MOV icatshulwa kwaye i-voltage elinganisiweyo kunye neendlela ezikhoyo zangoku. Ukuthelekisa, umbane olinganisiweyo kunye neendlela ezisetyenziswayo zangoku ngaphantsi kwe-7 kunye neyesibhozo ye-10 / 350 ms impulse kwi-V460 iboniswe kumzobo 5.

Umzobo 5. Iimitha ezilinganisiweyo kunye neendlela ezisetyenziswayo zangoku kwiV460 phantsi kwe10 / 350 ms impulse

I-V230 kunye ne-V275, ΣE / V isishwankathelo se-E / V yeziphumo ezilishumi elinesihlanu. I-V460, ΣE / V isishwankathelo se-E / V yezizathu ezisibhozo. Ingabonwa ukuba nangona i-Ea / V ye-V460 iphezulu kuneyo-V230 kunye ne-V275, i-ΣE / Vof V460 iyona ephantsi. Nangona kunjalo, i-V460 yabona umonakalo omkhulu kakhulu. Oku kuthetha ukuba kwixabiso leyunithi ye-MOV, ukuhluleka kwe-MOV phantsi kwe-10 / 350 yam yangoku ayihambelananga namandla angamanzi (Σ E / V), kodwa inokuthi ihambelane namandla amaninzi ngaphantsi kwesisombululo esisodwa (Ea / V ). Ingagqitywa ukuba phantsi kwe-10 / 350 yangoku, i-V230 inokumelana nempembelelo engaphezulu kune-V460 type MOVs. Oku kuthetha ukuba ii-MOV ezinomlinganiselo omncinci wamandla zingcono ukumelana nokusebenza phantsi kwe-10 / 350 ms yangoku, echasene nesiphelo phantsi kwe-8 / 20 ms.

I-4.2 Iziphumo phantsi kwe-10 / 350 ms umz

Xa i-amplitude ye-10 / 350 ms yangoku iyenyuka i-Iimp, zonke ii-MOV ezivivinywayo azikwazanga ukudlulela iimpembelelo ezilishumi elinesihlanu. Iziphumo phantsi kwe-10 / 350 ms i-currents impulse nge-ampimpitude ye-Iimp iboniswa kwi-ITHEMU V, apho "Ukumelana nenani leempembelelo" kuthetha inani elithintekayo lokuba i-MOV ikwazi ukumelana ngaphambi kokuqhawula.

Ingabonwa kwi-ITABLE V ukuba i-V230 ne-Ea / V ye-122.09 J / cm3 inokumelana ne-10 / 350 im impulses ngelixa i-V460 ne-Ea / V ye-161.09 J / cm3 inokudlula kuphela iimpembelelo ezintathu, nangona iphakamileyo ekhoyo yamkelwa I-V230 (6500 A) iphezulu kuneleyo yeV460 (6000 A). Oku kuqinisekisa isigqibo sokuba ii-MOV ezinomlinganiselo ophezulu wokukhupha zonakaliswe lula phantsi kwe-10 / 350 m yangoku. Le nto ingacaciswa njengokuba: amandla amakhulu athathwa ngu-10 / 350 ms wamanje aya kufakwa kwi-MOVs. Kwii-MOV ezinomlinganiselo ophezulu wokumisela phantsi kwe-10 / 350 m yangoku, amandla amaninzi aya kufakwa kwi-unit volume ye-MOV kunokuba kwi-MOV enexabiso eliphantsi lokunciphisa amandla, kwaye ukungena kwamandla okugqithiseleyo kuya kubangela ukuhluleka kwe-MOV. Nangona kunjalo, indlela yokungaphumeleli phantsi kwe-8 / 20 m yangoku ifuna uphando olungakumbi.

Ukuhlola okubonakalayo kubonisa ukuba ifom efanayo yonakalo ibonwa kwiintlobo ezintathu ze-MOV phantsi kwe-10 / 350 ms yangoku. Elinye icala le-plastiki encapsulation ye-MOV kunye nephepha le-electrode sheet likhupha. Ukukhishwa kwezinto ze-ZnO kubonakala kufakwe kwiphepha le-electrode, elibangelwa ukutshabalalisa phakathi kwe-MOV electrode kunye no-ZnO. Ifoto yeV230 iboniswe kumzobo. 6.

5. Isiphelo

I-SPD ifuneka ukuba ihlolwe ngaphantsi kwemizila yokukhupha imiphumo ngokubanzi kunye neendlela zokutshintsha kwe-8 / 20 ms kunye ne-10 / 350 ms. Ukuze uphenye uze uqhathanise ukukwazi ukumelana ne-SPDs phantsi kwe-8 / 20 ms kunye ne-10 / 350 ms ujikelezo lwempembelelo, iimvavanyo eziliqela zenziwa ngokugqithiseleyo okwangoku kwe-8 / 20 ms (Imax) kunye ne-10 / 350 ms (Iimp) , kunye ne-amplitudes ye-0.75Imax ne-0.75Iimp. Iintlobo ezintathu ze-MOV eziqhelekileyo ezisetyenziselwa i-SPD zeklasi zamukelwa ukuhlalutya. Ezinye izigqibo zingathathwa.

(1) I-MOV ezinomlinganiselo ophezulu wokumisela zilungele ukuma amandla phantsi kwe-8 / 20ms yangoku. I-V230 kunye ne-V275 uhlobo lwe-MOVs ayikwazanga ukumelana ne-8 / 20ms iimpembelelo ngenani le-Imax, ngoxa i-V460 uhlobo lwe-MOV inokudlula iimpembelelo ezingamashumi amabini.

(2) I-MOV ezinomlinganiselo wokunciphisa ophantsi zilungele ukuma amandla phantsi kwe10 / 350 ms wamanje. Uhlobo lwe-V230 MOV lunokumelana neempawu ezisibhozo ze-10 / 350 ms ukuphakama kwe-Iimp, ngoxa i-V460 idlulela kuphela imiphumo emithathu.

(3) Ngokuqwalasela umthamo weyunithi ye-MOV phantsi kwe-10 / 350 m yangoku, amandla angatyiweyo ngaphantsi komgudu owodwa unokunxulumene nokungaphumeleli kwe-MOV, esikhundleni sokushwankqiswa kwamandla phantsi kwamandla onke.

(4) Ifom yefomula efanayo ibonwa kwiintlobo ezintathu ze-MOV phantsi kwee-currents 10 / 350. Elinye icala le-plastiki encapsulation ye-MOV kunye nephepha le-electrode sheet likhupha. Ukukhutshwa kwezinto ze-ZnO, ezibangelwa ukutshabalalisa phakathi kwephepha le-electrode kunye ne-ZnO surface, kubonakala kufuphi ne-electrode ye-MOV.