How do I select a proper Prosurge SPD for my application?

Though we try our best to offer an extensive, thorough product presentation on our website, catalogs and other documents, we believe the best way for model selecting is to consult with us with your requirement and then our professional will recommend a suitable model.

What are ANSI/UL 1449 Third Edition Versus IEC 61643-1 – Key Differences In Testing

The following examines a few of the key differences between Underwriters Laboratory’s required test for surge protective devices (SPDs); ANSI/UL 1449 Third Edition and the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) required test for SPDs, IEC 61643-1. Short Circuit Current Rating (SCCR): The capacity of current with which the tested SPD can withstand at the terminals where connected, without breaching the enclosure in any way. UL: Tests the full product at twice the nominal voltage to see if entire product is completely offline. The entire product (as shipped) is tested; including metal oxide varistors (MOVs). IEC: Test only looks at the terminals and the physical connections to determine if they are robust enough to handle the fault. MOVs are replaced with a copper block and a manufacturer’s recommended fuse is placed in-line (external to the device). Imax: Per IEC 61643-1 – The crest value of a current through the SPD having an 8/20 waveshape and magnitude according to the test sequence of the class II operating duty test. UL: Does not recognize the need for an Imax test. IEC: An operating duty cycle test is used to ramp up to an Imax point (determined by the manufacturer). This is meant to find “blind points” within the design when subjected to a high level impulse. This is conducted as a life expectancy or robustness test. The fuse needs to withstand Imax, and the test checks thermal stability of the SPD (after each duty cycle impulse bringing the SPD up to its maximum continuous operating voltage MCOV) and its physical condition。 I nominal: The crest value of the current through the SPD having a current waveshape of 8/20. UL: I nominal test is similar to the IEC’s, however, the I nominal results do not link to a Up value (a value used internationally for electrical coordination). Instead, UL uses I nominal to determine a product’s Voltage Protection Rating (VPR). Levels are limited to a maximum of 20 kA. The SPD remains functional after 15 surges. IEC: Does not limit I nominal testing to 20kA, however, the manufacturer’s selected In level is used to get a Up value, a value considered to be the protective performance of the SPD. This value is used for electrical coordination(ratings of building wire, equipment). Therefore the goal of the manufacturer is to try to attain the highest Inominal level with the lowest Up results. Many manufactures opt to only test as high as 20 kA so they will appear to have a low Up. Class versus category UL: UL Type designation is a location designator with a difference to the way I nominal is tested (for device which provides SCCR needs to be included and survive when doing I nominal testing). IEC: Designates certain tests as a class I, II, or III. Class designation between I and II has to do with the impulse applied – Class I; an I imp test (10×350) and a class II – 8 x 20 μs. The IEC designates certain tests as a class I, II, or III and can beconfused with UL’s Type I, II, III, or IV designations. There is some validity to both identifying the product’s approved installation location (UL) and applying a more robust impulse/waveform to those products that will be installed in harsher locations (IEC). Waveforms: A graph of an impulse wave that shows its shape and changes in amplitude with time. UL: Recognizes the 8 x 20 μs waveform. IEC: The IEC incorporates 2 waveforms into their test, the 8 x 20 μs which is used for class II testing to represent surges induced onto power lines. And the 10 x 350 μs waveform which is used for class I testing that represents partial or direct lightning currents (due to building or power line strikes).The IEC also uses other ring wave type waveforms for point of use (class III) tests.

How do I know which is the correct surge protection device that must be installed?

Choosing the right surge arrester(s) is a key factor to guarantee correct protection of the installation. A poorly designed Lightning & Surge protection system may lead to early ageing of the SPD and potential failure of the protective devices in the installation allowing damage to the primary systems up stream, thus defeating the rationale behind the protection being installed Prosurge does not provide a set of rules and guides to support acorrect design of the protection system according to the application. However we follow the IEC and UL lightning and surge protection standards. With this in mind we provide a cascaded system as laid down in the rules of the standard, not the rules of Prosurge. In the field of industrial applications, a standard practice is to install a cascaded protection system based on several coordinated protective devices installed at different stages (LPZ’s). The benefit of this strategy is the fact that it allows a high discharge capacity close to the installation entrance along with a low residual voltage (level of protection) at the main incomer of installation of sensitive equipment. The design of such a protective system is, amongst other factors, based on the assessment of information such as existence of a lightning rod (Lightning Protection System) and type of incoming power supply lines, secondary primary equipment and data systems. The solutions provide protection against either Transient or Permanent (TOV) overvoltages or against both of them (T+P) simultaneously. The final product choice depends on parameters such as: type of installation, type of network disconnection (operation on MCB or RCD), auto reclosing, breaking capacity, etc. Usually you can refer IEC61643- Low-voltage surge protective devices – Part 12:Surge protective devices connected to low-voltage power distribution systems -Selection and application principles

Can lightning destroy the photovoltaic system?

Photovoltaic systems are technologically highly sensitive and a direct lightning strike would definitely destroy it. There is also yet another hazard,as a lightning strike could create surge voltage near the solar power system and these surge voltages can also destroy the system. The inverter is the primary point in need of protection. Usually, inverters will integrate surge-voltage protectors into their inverters. However, since these components only discharge small voltage peaks, you should consider using surge protective devices (SPD) in individual cases.

Are joule ratings a specification used for SPD?

In the past, some manufacturers have used joule ratings in their specifications. They are not considered a good indicator for SPD performance and not recognized by any standard organizations. Prosurge doesn’t support this specification also.

Is “Response Time”a valid specification?

Response time specifications are not supported by any standards organizations overseeing Surge Protective Devices.IEEE C62.62 Standard Test Specification for SPDs specifically mentions it should not be used as a specification.

What are the different power systems in use in the US and what are the protection needs for each?

The US power distribution system is a TN-C-S system. This implies that the Neutral and Ground conductors are bonded at the service entrance of each, and every, facility or separately derived sub-system. This means that the neutral-to-ground (N-G) protection mode within a multi-mode SPD installed at the service entrance panel is basically redundant. Further from this N-G bondpoint, such as in branch distribution panels, the need for this additional mode of protection is more warranted. In addition to the N-G protection mode, some SPDs can include line-to-neutral (L-N) and line-to-line (L-L) protection. On a three phase WYE system, the need for L-L protection is questionable as balanced L-N protection also provides a measure of protection on the L-L conductors. Changes to the 2002 edition of the National Electrical Code® (NEC®) (www.nfpa.org) have precluded the use of SPDs on ungrounded delta power distribution systems. Behind this rather broad statement is the intention that SPDs should not be connected L-G as by so doing these modes of protection are creating pseudo grounds to the floating system. Modes of protection connected L-L are however acceptable.The high-leg delta system is a grounded system and as such allows for protection modes to be connected L-L and L-N or L-G.

How does installation affect the performance of SPDs?

The installation of SPDs is often poorly understood. A good SPD, incorrectly installed, can prove of little benefit in real-life surge conditions. The very high rate-of-change of current, typical of a surge transient, will develop significant volt drops on the leads connecting the SPD to the panel or equipment being protected. This can mean higher than desired voltages reaching the equipment during such a surge condition. Prosurge suggests that measures to counteract this effect include locating the SPD so as to keep interconnecting lead lengths as short as possible, twisting these leads together. Using a heavier gauge AWG cable helps to some extent but this is only a second order effect. It is also important to keep protected and unprotected circuits and leads separate to avoid cross coupling of transient energy.

What is a practical surge rating for service entrance protection?

This is a difficult question and depends on many aspects including – site exposure, regional is okeraunic levels and utility supply. A statistical study of lightning strike probability reveals that the average lightning discharge is between 30 and 40kA, while only 10% of lightning discharges exceed 100kA. Given that a strike to a transmission feeder is likely to share the total current received into anumber of distribution paths, the reality of the surge current entering a facility can be very much less than that of the lightning strike which precipitate it. The ANSI/IEEE C62.41.1-2002 standard seeks to characterize the electrical environment at different locations throughout a facility. It defines the service entrance location as between a B and C environment, meaning that surge currents up to 10kA 8/20 can be experienced in such locations. This said,SPDs located in such environments are often rated above such levels to provide a suitable operating life expectancy, 100kA/phase being typical.

What are surges transients, and temporary over-voltages, and what are their typical characteristics?

Although often used as separate terms in the surge industry, Transients and Surges are the same phenomenon. Transients and Surges can be current, voltage, or both and can have peak values in excess of 10kA or 10kV. They are typically of very short duration (usually >10 µs & <1 ms), with a waveform that has a very rapid rise to the peak and then falls off at a much slower rate. Transients and Surges can be caused by external sources such as lightning or a short circuit, or from internal sources such as Contactor switching, Variable Speed Drives, Capacitor switching, etc. Temporary over voltages (TOVs) are oscillatory phase-to-ground or phase-to-phase over voltages that can last as little as a few seconds or as long as several minutes. Sources of TOV’s include fault reclosing, load switching, ground impedance shifts,single-phase faults and ferroresonance effects to name a few. Due to their potentially high voltage and long duration, TOV’s can be very detrimental to MOV-based SPD’s. An extended TOV can cause permanent damage to an SPD and render the unit inoperable. Note that while UL 1449 (3rd Edition) ensures that the SPD will not create a safety hazard under these conditions, SPDs are not designed to protect against TOVs.

Do SPDs protect against direct lightning strikes?

A direct lighting strike is the most powerful and difficult surge to protect against. Prosurge recommend that Proper grounding and bonding of the electrical system and employing proper surge protection can protect sensitive equipment. A SPD with a higher single surge current rating will perform best against this type of event, if the unit is properly installed and the grounding system is adequate.The maximum single withstand surge current rating is defined in IEEE SPD Standard C62.62.

What is Suppressed Voltage Rating (SVR) and Voltage Protection Rating (VPR)?

SVR was part of an earlier version of UL 1449 Edition and is no longer used in the UL 1449 standard. The SVR was replaced by VPR. VPR is part of the UL 1449 3rd Edition and is the clamping performance data for SPDs. Each SPD mode is subjected to a 6kV/3kA combination surge wave and its measured clamping value is rounded up to the nearest value based on table 63.1 from UL 1449 3rd Edition.

How are SPDs related to UL 96A?

UL 96A is the standard for Lightning Protection systems. For a building to meet UL 96A is must have a Type 1 SPD with a Nominal Discharge Current rating of 20kA installed at the service entrance.

How does a Type 1 SPD compare to a Type 2 SPD?

Some key differences between Type 1 and Type 2 SPDs are: External Overcurrent Protection. Type 2 SPDs may require external overcurrent protection or it may be included within the SPD. Type 1 SPDs generally include overcurrent protection within the SPD or other means to satisfy the requirements of the standard; thus, Type 1 SPDs and Type 2 SPDs that do not require external overcurrent protection devices eliminate the potential for installing an incorrectly rated (mismatched) overcurrent protection device with the SPD. Nominal Discharge Current Ratings. Available Nominal Discharge Current (In) ratings of Type 1 SPDs are 10 kA or 20 kA; whereas, Type 2 SPDs may have 3 kA , 5 kA, 10 kA or 20 kA Nominal Discharge Current ratings. UL 1283 EMI/RFI Filtering. Some UL 1449 Listed SPDs include filter circuits that have been evaluated as a UL 1283 (Standard for Electromagnetic Interference Filters) filter. These are complimentary UL Listed as a UL 1283 filter and a UL 1449 SPD. By definition and the scope of UL 1283, UL 1283 Listed filters are evaluated for load-side applications only, not line-side applications. Consequently, UL will not complimentary list a Type 1 SPD as a UL 1283 Listed filter. However, a Type 1 SPD might include a UL 1283 filter as a Recognized Component within a Listed Type 1 SPD, which has been fully evaluated for lineside usage. Manufacturers of such products generally offer the identical SPD as a Type 2 UL 1449 Listed SPD with complimentary Listing as a UL 1283 Listed filter. Capacitors. Capacitors utilized in Type 1 SPDs may be evaluated for safety differently than in Type 2 SPDs. All capacitors in Type 1 SPD applications are evaluated to UL 810 (Standard for Capacitors). This includes filtering capacitors referenced above in UL 1283 (Standard for Electromagnetic Interference Filters) applications. Capacitors in Type 2 SPDs are evaluated to UL 1414 (Standard for Capacitors and Suppressors for Radio- and Television-Type Appliances) and/or UL 1283 (Standard for Electromagnetic Interference Filters).

What are the UL SPD Type categories and what do they mean?

Type 1 SPDs (Listed) – Permanently connected, hard-wired SPDs intended for installation between the secondary of the service transformer and the line side of the main service equipment overcurrent protective device, as well as the load side of the main service equipment (i.e. Type 1’s can be installed anywhere within the distribution system). Type 1 SPDs include watt-hour meter socket enclosure type SPDs. Being on the line side of the service disconnect where there are no overcurrent protective devices to protect an SPD, Type 1 SPDs must be listed without the use of an external overcurrent protective device. The Nominal Discharge Current Rating for Type 1 SPDs is either 10kA or 20kA. Type 2 SPDs (Listed) – Permanently connected, hard-wired SPDs intended for installation on the load side of the main service equipment overcurrent protective device. These SPDs may also be installed at the main service equipment, but must be installed on the load side of the main service overcurrent protective device. Type 2 SPDs may or may not require an overcurrent protection device per their NRTL listing. If a specific overcurrent protection is required, the SPD’s NRTL listing file and labeling/instructions are required to note the size and type of overcurrent protective device. Note: In some cases the overcurrent protective device used can impact the nominal discharge rating of the SPD. For example, the SPD may have a 10 kA nominal discharge current rating when protected by a 30 Amp circuit breaker and a 20 kA nominal discharge current rating when protected by a different but specific make and model of overcurrent protection device. The Nominal Discharge Current Rating for Type 2 SPDs is 3 kA, 5 kA, 10 kA, or 20 kA. Type 3 SPDs (Listed) – These SPDs are called, ‘Point of Utilization SPDs’, which are to be installed at a minimum conductor length of 10 meter (30 feet) from the electrical service panel unless they are evaluated at Type 2 SPDs (that is, they receive a Nominal Discharge Current Rating of 3 kA minimum). Typically, these are cord-connected surge strips, direct plug-in SPDs, or receptacle-type SPDs installed at the utilization equipment being protected (i.e. computers, copy machines, etc.). Type 1, 2, 3 Component Assembly SPDs (Component Recognized) – These SPDs are intended to be factory installed into electrical distribution equipment or end-use equipment. These are Recognized Component SPDs evaluated for use in Type 1, 2 or 3 SPD applications. Such component SPDs must pass all the same electrical safety failure tests as listed Type 1, 2 or 3 SPDs. While these SPDs are 100% compliant from a safety failure testing point of view, these Type 1, 2 and 3 component assembly SPDs have conditions of acceptability such as exposed terminals or other mechanical construction that requires them to be installed or housed within a listed assembly to provide protection from exposure to live parts or other requirements. These Type 1, 2 or 3 Recognized Component SPDs should not be confused with ANSI/UL 1449-2006 Type 4 Component Assemblies and Type 5 discrete SPD components that require additional components (possibly safety disconnectors), design and testing in order to be used as a complete surge protective device. Type 4 Component Assembly SPD (Component Recognized) –– These component assemblies consist of one or more Type 5 SPD components together with a disconnector (integral or external) or a means of complying with the limited current tests in UL 1449, Section 39.4. These are incomplete SPD assemblies, which typically are installed in listed end-use products as long as all conditions of acceptability are met. These Type 4 component assemblies are incomplete as an SPD, require further evaluation and are not permitted to be installed in the field as a stand-alone SPD. Often, these devices require additional overcurrent protection. Type 5 SPD (Component Recognized) – Discrete component surge protection devices, such as MOVs that may be mounted on a printed wiring board, connected by its leads or provided within an enclosure with mounting means and wiring terminations. These Type 5 SPD components are incomplete as an SPD, require further evaluation and are not permitted to be installed in the field as a stand-alone SPD. Type 5 SPDs are generally the components used in the design and construction of complete SPDs or other SPD assemblies.

What is the UL Short Circuit Current Rating (SCCR)?

SSCR-Short Circuit Current Rating. The suitability of an SPD for use on an AC power circuit that is capable of delivering not more than a declared rms symmetrical current at a declared voltage during a short circuit condition. SCCR is not the same as AIC (Amp Interrupting Capacity). SCCR is the amount of “available”current that the SPD can be subjected to and safely disconnect from the power source under short circuit conditions. The amount of current “interrupted” by the SPD is typically significantly less than the “available” current. UL 1449 and the National Electric Code (NEC) require the SCCR (Short Circuit Current Rating) to be marked on all SPD units. It is not a surge rating, but the maximum allowable current a SPD can interrupt in the event of failure. The NEC/UL has a requirement that the SPD be tested and labelled with a SCCR equal to, or greater than the available fault current at that point in the system.

What is important when specifying SPD?

When specifying SPD, submit a clear, concise specification detailing the required performance and design features. A minimum specification should include: • UL surge rating • Suppression rating • Short circuit rating • Peak surge current per mode (L-N, L-G, and N-G) • voltage and configuration of electrical service

What is a Surge Protective Device or Surge Arrestor (SPD)?

SPD is a device designed to limit surge energy to electrical equipment. It does this by diverting or limiting surge current. An SPD is wired in parallel to the equipment it is intended to protect. Once the surge voltage exceeds its designed rating it “begins to clamp” and starts to conduct energy directly to the electrical grounding system. An SPD has a very low resistance during this time and “shorts” the energy to ground. Once the surge is over it “opens” up, so it does not trigger upstream circuit breakers.

Pitakonan Umum

Q: Do SPDs protect against direct lightning strikes?

A direct lighting strike is the most powerful and difficult surge to protect against. Prosurge recommend that Proper grounding and bonding of the electrical system and employing proper surge protection can protect sensitive equipment. A SPD with a higher single surge current rating will perform best against this type of event, if the unit is properly installed and the grounding system is adequate.The maximum single withstand surge current rating is defined in IEEE SPD Standard C62.62.

Carane aku milih Prosurge SPD sing tepat kanggo aplikasiku?prosurge2017-10-31T17:34:33+08:00

Carane aku milih Prosurge SPD sing tepat kanggo aplikasiku?

Sanadyan kita ngupayakake sing paling apik kanggo nawakake presentasi produk sing lengkap, ing katalog, katalog lan dokumen liyane, pracaya cara sing paling apik kanggo milih model yaiku konsultasi karo kebutuhan lan banjur profesional bakal menehi rekomendasi model cocok.

Apa ANSI / UL 1449 Edition Ketiga vs IEC 61643-1 - Beda Key Ing Testingprosurge2017-10-31T17:29:56+08:00

Apa ANSI / UL 1449 Edition Ketiga vs IEC 61643-1 - Beda Key Ing Testing

Ing ngisor iki nliti sawetara prabédan utama ing antarane tes sing dibutuhake Laboratorium Underwriters kanggo piranti pelindung lonjakan (SPD); ANSI / UL 1449 Edisi Katelu lan Komisi Elektroteknik Internasional (IEC) dibutuhake tes kanggo SPD, IEC 61643-1.

Rating Arus Sirkuit Cekak (SCCR): Kapasitas arus sing SPD sing diuji bisa tahan ing terminal sing disambungake, tanpa nglanggar pager kanthi cara apa wae.

UL: Tes produk lengkap kanthi voltase nominal kaping pindho kanggo ndeleng yen kabeh produk wis offline. Kabeh produk (minangka dikirim) dites; kalebu varistor oksida logam (MOVs).

IEC: Tes mung katon ing terminal lan sambungan fisik kanggo nemtokake manawa cukup kuat kanggo ngatasi kesalahan kasebut. MOV diganti karo blok tembaga lan sekring dianjurake pabrikan diselehake ing-line (njaba piranti).

Imax: Per IEC 61643-1 - Nilai puncak arus liwat SPD sing duwe wangun gelombang lan magnitudo 8/20 miturut urutan tes tes tugas operasi kelas II.

UL: Ora ngerteni kabutuhan tes Imax.

IEC: Tes siklus tugas operasi digunakake kanggo munggah menyang titik Imax (ditemtokake dening pabrikan). Iki tegese kanggo nemokake "titik wuta" ing desain nalika ngalami impuls tingkat dhuwur. Iki ditindakake minangka tes pangarep-arep urip utawa ketahanan. Sekring kudu tahan Imax, lan tes mriksa stabilitas termal SPD (sawise saben impuls siklus tugas nggawa SPD nganti voltase operasi terus-terusan maksimum MCOV) lan kondisi fisik.

Aku nominal: Nilai crest saka saiki liwat SPD gadhah waveshape saiki 8/20.

UL: I tes nominal padha karo IEC, Nanging, asil nominal I ora nyambung menyang Nilai Up (nilai digunakake internasional kanggo koordinasi electrical). Nanging, UL nggunakake I nominal kanggo nemtokake Rating Proteksi Tegangan (VPR) produk. Tingkat diwatesi maksimal 20 kA. SPD tetep fungsional sawise 15 lonjakan.

IEC: Ora matesi I nominal testing kanggo 20kA, Nanging, Produsèn kang dipilih Ing tingkat digunakake kanggo njaluk Nilai Up, Nilai dianggep minangka kinerja protèktif saka SPD. Nilai iki digunakake kanggo koordinasi listrik (rating kabel bangunan, peralatan).

Mula, tujuane pabrikan yaiku nyoba nggayuh level Inominal paling dhuwur kanthi asil paling murah. Akeh pabrikan milih mung nguji nganti 20 kA supaya katon kurang Up.

Kelas mungsuh kategori

UL: UL Type designation punika designator lokasi karo prabédan kanggo cara aku nominal dites (kanggo piranti kang nyedhiyani SCCR perlu kalebu lan urip nalika nindakake I nominal testing).

IEC: Netepake tes tartamtu minangka kelas I, II, utawa III. Penetapan kelas antarane I lan II ana hubungane karo impuls sing ditrapake - Kelas I; tes I imp (10×350) lan kelas II - 8 x 20 μs.

IEC nemtokake tes tartamtu minangka kelas I, II, utawa III lan bisa disaranake karo sebutan Tipe I, II, III, utawa IV UL. Ana sawetara validitas kanggo ngenali lokasi instalasi sing disetujoni (UL) lan ngupayakake impulse / gelombang sing luwih mantep kanggo produk sing bakal diinstal ing lokasi sing luwih keras (IEC).

Waveforms: Grafik saka gelombang impuls sing nuduhake wangun lan owah-owahan ing amplitudo karo wektu.

UL: Ngenali wangun gelombang 8 x 20 μs.

IEC: IEC nggabungake 2 bentuk gelombang ing tes, yaiku 8 x 20 μs sing digunakake kanggo tes kelas II kanggo makili lonjakan sing diakibatake menyang saluran listrik. Lan wangun gelombang 10 x 350 μs sing digunakake kanggo tes kelas I sing nggambarake arus kilat parsial utawa langsung (amarga serangan bangunan utawa saluran listrik).

Kepiye carane ngerti piranti proteksi lonjakan sing bener sing kudu diinstal?prosurge2017-10-31T17:28:05+08:00

Kepiye carane ngerti piranti proteksi lonjakan sing bener sing kudu diinstal?

Milih arrester lonjakan sing tepat minangka faktor kunci kanggo njamin proteksi instalasi sing bener. Sistem proteksi Lightning & Surge sing ora dirancang bisa nyebabake penuaan awal SPD lan potensial gagal piranti protèktif ing instalasi sing ngidini karusakan ing sistem utami munggah stream, saéngga bisa ngalahake alasan ing mburi perlindungan sing dipasang.

Prosurge ora nyedhiyake sakumpulan aturan lan panuntun kanggo ndhukung rancangan sistem proteksi sing bener miturut aplikasi kasebut. Nanging kita tindakake standar proteksi petir IEC lan UL. Kanthi atine, kita nyedhiyakake sistem sing dilebokake miturut aturan standar, ora aturan Prosurge.

Ing babagan aplikasi industri, praktik standar kanggo nginstal sistem pangreksan sing diselehake miturut piranti protèktif sing terkoordinasi sing dipasang ing tahap-tahap sing beda (LPZ's). Keuntungan saka strategi iki yaiku kasunyatan sing ndadekake kapasitas discharge dhuwur cedhak karo pintu masuk instalasi bebarengan karo tegangan residual sing kurang (level of protection) ing panyengkuyung utama instalasi peralatan sing sensitif.

Desain sistem protèktif kasebut, antara liya faktor, adhedhasar penilaian informasi kayadéné anané rod kilat (Sistem Perlindungan Kilat) lan tipe jalur pasokan listrik, peralatan utama sekunder lan sistem data.

Solusi kasebut nyedhiyakake pangayoman marang salah sijine overvoltages Transient or Permanent (TOV) utawa marang loro (T + P) bebarengan.

Pilihan prodhuk final gumantung marang paramèter kayadéné: jinis instalasi, jinis pemotongan jaringan (operasi ing MCB utawa RCD), otomatis nglebokaké, megat kapasitas, lan liya-liyane.

Biasane sampeyan bisa ngrujuk IEC61643- Piranti protèktif gelombang kurang - Bagean 12: Piranti protèktif gelombang sing disambungake karo sistem distribusi daya voltase kurang -Pilih lan prinsip aplikasi

Bisa petir nyirnakake sistem photovoltaic?prosurge2017-10-31T17:26:31+08:00

Bisa petir nyirnakake sistem photovoltaic?

Sistem photovoltaic arang banget sensitif teknis lan serangan kilat langsung mesthi bakal numpes. Ana uga liyane bahaya, minangka serangan kilat bisa nggawe surge voltase cedhak tata surya sistem lan voltase surge bisa uga numpes sistem. Inverter minangka titik utami mbutuhake perlindungan. Biasane, inverters bakal nggabungake pelindung surge-voltase menyang inverters. Nanging, amarga komponen iki mung ngeculake pucuk voltase cilik, sampeyan kudu nganggep nggunakake piranti pelindung gelombang (SPD) ing saben kasus.

Rating joule spesifikasi sing digunakake kanggo SPD?prosurge2017-10-31T17:25:41+08:00

Rating joule spesifikasi sing digunakake kanggo SPD?

Ing jaman sadurungé, sawetara manufaktur wis nggunakake rating joule ing spesifikasi. Padha ora dianggep minangka indikator apik kanggo kinerja SPD lan ora diakoni dening organisasi standar. Prosurge ora ndhukung spesifikasi iki uga.

Apa "Waktu Response" spesifikasi sing sah?prosurge2017-10-31T17:24:47+08:00

Apa "Waktu Response" spesifikasi sing sah?

Spesifikasi wektu tanggapan ora didhukung dening organisasi standar sing ngawasi Surge Protective Devices. IEEE C62.62 Standar Test Spesifikasi kanggo SPD khusus kasebut ora ngirim digunakake minangka spesifikasi.

Apa macem-macem sistem tenaga sing digunakake ing AS lan apa sing dibutuhake proteksi kanggo saben?prosurge2017-10-31T17:23:39+08:00

Apa macem-macem sistem tenaga sing digunakake ing AS lan apa sing dibutuhake proteksi kanggo saben?

Sistem distribusi daya AS minangka sistem TN-CS. Iki nuduhake yen konduktor Neutral lan Ground diikatake ing pandhuan layanan saben, lan saben, fasilitas utawa sub-sistem kasebut dhewe. Iki tegese modus perlindungan neutral-to-ground (NG) ing SPD multi-mode sing diinstal ing panel ngleboke layanan dasaripun kaluwih-luwih. Luwih saka bonding NG iki, kayata ing panel distribusi cabang, perlu kanggo proteksi tambahan iki luwih aman. Saliyane ing mode proteksi NG, sawetara SPDs bisa nglindhungi line-to-neutral (LN) lan proteksi line-to-line (LL). Ing sistem WYE telung phase, perlu kanggo proteksi LL bisa dipertanyakan minangka Proteksi LN imbang uga menehi ukuran proteksi ing konduktor LL.
Owah-owahan menyang edisi 2002 National Electrical Code® (NEC®) (www.nfpa.org) nyegah panggunaan SPD babagan sistem distribusi daya delta ungrounded. Ing ngisor iki statement rada luas iku tujuan SPDs ngirim ora disambungake LG minangka kanthi supaya iki mode pangayoman nggawe pseudo alasan kanggo sistem ngambang. Cara proteksi sing disambungake LL iku manawa bisa ditampa. Sistem delta dhuwur-kaki minangka sistem dhasar lan minangka piranti kasebut mbisakake mode proteksi sing disambungake LL lan LN utawa LG.

Pripun instalasi mengaruhi kinerja SPD?prosurge2017-10-31T17:19:51+08:00

Pripun instalasi mengaruhi kinerja SPD?

Instalasi SPD asring dipahami. SPD sing apik, ora diinstal kanthi bener, bisa mbuktekake manawa entuk manfaat cilik ing kondhisi gesang nyata. Dhuwur-tingkat owah-owahan sing saiki dhuwur, sing khas minangka transient surge, bakal ngalami owah-owahan volt sing signifikan ing ndalan sing nyambungake SPD menyang panel utawa peralatan sing dilindhungi. Iki bisa tegese luwih dhuwur tinimbang voltase sing dikarepake kanggo nggayuh peralatan sajrone kondisi surge kasebut. Prosurge nyatake yen langkah-langkah kanggo ngatasi efek iki kalebu nyedhiyakake SPD supaya tetep nyambungake timbal minangka sing sabanjure, ngiringke ndadékaké iki bebarengan. Nganggo kabel AWG gauge sing luwih abot mbiyantu, nanging iki mung efek urutan kapindho. Penting banget kanggo njaga sirkuit sing dilindhungi lan ora dilindhungi lan ndadekake kapisah kanggo nyegah kopling salib energi transien.

Apa rating surge praktis kanggo pangayoman ngleboke layanan?prosurge2017-10-31T17:17:34+08:00

Apa rating surge praktis kanggo pangayoman ngleboke layanan?

Iki minangka pitakonan sing angel lan gumantung ing pirang-pirang aspek kalebu eksposisi situs, wilayah iku tingkat ombak lan sarana utilitas. A studi statistik saka kemungkinan serangan kilat ngandhakake yen discharge kilat rata-rata antarane 30 lan 40kA, nalika mung 10% saka bledug bledug ngluwihi 100kA. Given yen serangan menyang feeder transmisi cenderung kanggo nuduhake total total sing ditampa menyang sawetara jalur distribusi, kasunyatan saiki surge ngetik fasilitas bisa banget kurang saka sing saka serangan kilat kang precipitate iku.

Standar ANSI/IEEE C62.41.1-2002 nggoleki ciri lingkungan listrik ing macem-macem lokasi ing sawijining fasilitas. Iki nemtokake lokasi mlebu layanan ing antarane lingkungan B lan C, tegese arus lonjakan nganti 10kA 8/20 bisa dialami ing lokasi kasebut. Kandhane, SPD sing ana ing lingkungan kasebut asring dirating ing ndhuwur tingkat kasebut kanggo nyedhiyakake pangarep-arep urip operasi sing cocog, 100kA / fase sing khas.

Apa surge transients, lan over-voltages sak wentoro, lan apa karakteristik sing khas?prosurge2017-10-31T17:16:14+08:00

Apa surge transients, lan over-voltages sak wentoro, lan apa karakteristik sing khas?

Sanajan asring digunakake minangka istilah sing beda ing industri lonjakan, Transien lan Lonjakan minangka fenomena sing padha. Transien lan Lonjakan bisa saiki, voltase, utawa kalorone lan bisa duwe nilai puncak luwih saka 10kA utawa 10kV. Biasane umure cendhak banget (biasane> 10 &s &

Temporary over voltages (TOVs) iku oscillatory phase-to-ground utawa phase-to-phase liwat voltase sing bisa tahan sethithik minangka sawetara detik utawa anggere sawetara menit. Sumber TOV kalebu reclosing kesalahan, switching beban, shift impedans lemah, faults fase siji lan efek ferroresonance kanggo jeneng sawetara. Amarga tegese sing dhuwur lan tegese sing dawa, TOV bisa banget ngrugekake SPD sing berbasis MOV. TOV lengkap bisa nyebabake kerusakan permanen menyang SPD lan nerjemahake unit operasi. Elinga yen UL 1449 (3rd Edition) njamin yen SPD ora bakal nggawe bahaya safety ing kahanan kasebut, SPDs ora dirancang kanggo nglindhungi TOVs.

Apa SPDs ngreksa marang serangan kilat langsung?prosurge2017-10-31T17:13:42+08:00

Apa SPDs ngreksa marang serangan kilat langsung?

Gerakan lampu langsung minangka gelombang paling kuat lan angel kanggo nglindhungi. Prosurge nyaranake menawa grounding lan ikatan sistem sing bener lan nggunakake proteksi surge sing tepat bisa nglindhungi peralatan sing sensitif. A SPD kanthi rating sing luwih dhuwur saiki bakal nindakake sing paling apik tumrap jinis acara iki, yen unit wis diinstal kanthi bener lan sistem grounding cukup. Sing siji maksimal bisa nahan rating saiki sing ditemtokake ing IEEE SPD Standard C62.62.

Apa Suppressed Voltage Rating (SVR) lan Voltage Protection Rating (VPR)?prosurge2017-10-31T17:10:31+08:00

Apa Suppressed Voltage Rating (SVR) lan Voltage Protection Rating (VPR)?

SVR minangka bagéan saka versi UL 1449 sadurungé lan ora digunakake ing standar UL 1449. SVR diganti dening VPR.

VPR minangka bagéan saka UL 1449 3rd Edition lan minangka data kinerja klempakan kanggo SPD. Saben mode SPD didhukung karo gelombang surge kombinasi 6kV / 3kA lan nilai penjangko sing diukur dibunderake nganti angka sing paling cedhak miturut tabel 63.1 saka UL 1449 3rd Edition.

Carane SPDs related to UL 96A?prosurge2017-10-31T17:05:54+08:00

Carane SPDs related to UL 96A?

UL 96A yaiku standar kanggo sistem Perlindungan Kilat. Kanggo bangunan kanggo ketemu UL 96A kudu duwe Type 1 SPD kanthi Nominal Discharge Rating saiki 20kA diinstal ing ngleboke layanan.

Apa jenis Tipe 1 SPD dibandhingake karo Tipe 2 SPD?prosurge2017-10-31T17:01:51+08:00

Apa jenis Tipe 1 SPD dibandhingake karo Tipe 2 SPD?

Sawetara perbedaan utama antarane Tipe 1 lan Tipe 2 SPD yaiku:

Perlindhungan Arus Luwih Eksternal. Tipe 2 SPD bisa uga mbutuhake overcurrent eksternal
pangayoman utawa bisa uga kalebu ing SPD. SPD Tipe 1 umume kalebu
pangayoman overcurrent ing SPD utawa liya kanggo nyukupi syarat
saka standar; mangkono, Tipe 1 SPDs lan Tipe 2 SPDs sing ora mbutuhake external
piranti pangayoman overcurrent ngilangake potensial kanggo nginstal sing salah
dirating (mismatched) piranti pangayoman overcurrent karo SPD.
Nominal Discharge Rating Saiki. Kasedhiya Nominal Discharge Saiki (Ing)
peringkat SPD Tipe 1 yaiku 10 kA utawa 20 kA; Dene, SPD Tipe 2 bisa uga duwe 3
kA , 5 kA, 10 kA utawa 20 kA Nominal Discharge Ratings Saiki.
UL 1283 EMI/RFI Filtering. Sawetara UL 1449 Listed SPD kalebu sirkuit filter
sing wis dievaluasi minangka UL 1283 (Standar kanggo Interferensi Elektromagnetik
saringan) saringan. Iki minangka UL Dhaptar gratis minangka saringan UL 1283 lan UL
1449 SPD. Miturut definisi lan orane katrangan saka UL 1283, UL 1283 Filter kadhaptar punika
dievaluasi mung kanggo aplikasi sisih mbukak, ora aplikasi sisih baris.
Akibate, UL ora bakal menehi dhaptar SPD Tipe 1 minangka UL 1283 Listed.
nyaring. Nanging, Tipe 1 SPD bisa uga kalebu saringan UL 1283 minangka Diakoni
Komponen ing Listed Type 1 SPD, sing wis dievaluasi kanthi lengkap kanggo garis
panggunaan. Produsen produk kasebut umume nawakake SPD sing padha karo a
Tipe 2 UL 1449 Listed SPD kanthi Listing gratis minangka UL 1283 Listed
saringan.
Kapasitor. Kapasitor sing digunakake ing SPD Tipe 1 bisa dievaluasi kanggo safety
beda saka ing Tipe 2 SPDs. Kabeh kapasitor ing Tipe 1 SPD aplikasi sing
dievaluasi kanggo UL 810 (Standar kanggo Kapasitor). Iki kalebu nyaring kapasitor
dirujuk ing ndhuwur ing UL 1283 (Standar kanggo Filter Interferensi Elektromagnetik)
aplikasi. Kapasitor ing SPD Tipe 2 dievaluasi kanggo UL 1414 (Standar kanggo
Kapasitor lan Suppressors kanggo Radio- lan Television-Type Appliances) lan / utawa
UL 1283 (Standar kanggo Filter Interferensi Elektromagnetik).

Apa jenis Kategori SPL UL lan apa tegese?prosurge2017-10-31T16:58:48+08:00

Apa jenis Kategori SPL UL lan apa tegese?

Tipe 1 SPDs (Kadhaptar) - SPD sing disambungake kanthi permanen, kabel hard sing dituju
instalasi antarane secondary trafo layanan lan sisih baris utama
peralatan layanan piranti protèktif overcurrent, uga sisih mbukak utama
peralatan layanan (yaiku Tipe 1 bisa diinstal ing ngendi wae ing distribusi
sistem). Tipe 1 SPD kalebu watt-hour meter socket enclosure jinis SPDs. Ana ing
sisih line layanan pedhot sambungan ngendi ora ana piranti protèktif overcurrent kanggo
nglindhungi SPD, Tipe 1 SPDs kudu kadhaptar tanpa nggunakake overcurrent external
piranti protèktif. Rating Saiki Discharge Nominal kanggo SPD Tipe 1 yaiku
10kA utawa 20kA.

Tipe 2 SPDs (Kadhaptar) - SPD sing disambungake kanthi permanen, kabel hard sing dituju
instalasi ing sisih mbukak saka peralatan proteksi overcurrent peralatan piranti utama.
SPD iki uga bisa diinstal ing peralatan layanan utama, nanging kudu diinstal ing
sisih mbukak piranti protèktif overcurrent layanan utama. Tipe 2 SPD bisa uga
ora mbutuhake piranti proteksi arus kakehan saben dhaptar NRTL. Yen tartamtu
pangayoman overcurrent dibutuhake, file listing NRTL SPD lan labeling / instruksi
kudu nyatet ukuran lan jinis piranti protèktif overcurrent. Cathetan: Ing sawetara
kasus piranti protèktif overcurrent sing digunakake bisa impact rating discharge nominal saka
ing SPD. Contone, SPD bisa uga duwe rating saiki discharge nominal 10 kA
nalika dilindhungi dening mbobol sirkuit 30 Amp lan 20 kA saiki discharge nominal
rating nalika dilindhungi dening merek lan model overcurrent sing beda nanging spesifik
piranti pangayoman. Rating Saiki Nominal Discharge kanggo SPD Tipe 2 yaiku 3 kA, 5
kA, 10 kA, utawa 20 kA.

Tipe 3 SPD (Kadhaptar) - SPD iki diarani, 'Titik SPD Pemanfaatan', yaiku
dipasang ing dawa konduktor minimal 10 meter (30 kaki) saka listrik
panel layanan kajaba padha dievaluasi ing Tipe 2 SPDs (yaiku, dheweke nampa Nominal
Rating Arus Discharge minimal 3 kA). Biasane, iki minangka gelombang sing disambungake karo kabel
strip, SPD plug-in langsung, utawa SPD jinis wadhah sing dipasang ing peralatan panggunaan
sing dilindhungi (yaiku komputer, mesin fotokopi, lan liya-liyane).

Tipe 1, 2, 3 Component Assembly SPDs (Component Recognized) - SPDs iki
dimaksudaké kanggo dipasang ing pabrik menyang peralatan distribusi listrik utawa panggunaan pungkasan
peralatan. Iki minangka SPD Komponen sing Diakoni sing dievaluasi kanggo digunakake ing Tipe 1, 2 utawa 3
Aplikasi SPD. SPD komponen kasebut kudu ngliwati kabeh kegagalan safety listrik sing padha
tes minangka kadhaptar Tipe 1, 2 utawa 3 SPDs. Nalika SPDs iki 100% tundhuk saka safety a
titik testing Gagal tampilan, iki Tipe 1, 2 lan 3 SPD Déwan komponen duwe
kondisi acceptability kayata terminal kapapar utawa construction mechanical liyane
sing mbutuhake wong-wong mau kanggo diinstal utawa manggon ing Déwan kadhaptar kanggo nyedhiyani pangayoman
saka cahya kanggo bagean urip utawa syarat liyane. Iki Tipe 1, 2 utawa 3 Diakoni
Komponen SPD ora kudu bingung karo ANSI/UL 1449-2006 Type 4 Component
Majelis lan Tipe 5 komponen SPD diskret sing mbutuhake komponen tambahan
(bisa uga disconnectors safety), desain lan testing supaya bisa digunakake minangka mundhak lengkap
piranti protèktif.

Tipe 4 Component Assembly SPD (Component Recognized) –– Komponen iki
rakitan kasusun saka siji utawa luwih Tipe 5 komponen SPD bebarengan karo disconnector a
(integral utawa eksternal) utawa sarana kanggo netepi tes saiki winates ing UL 1449,
Bagean 39.4. Iki minangka rakitan SPD sing ora lengkap, sing biasane dipasang ing
produk panggunaan pungkasan sing kadhaptar anggere kabeh syarat sing bisa ditampa. Iki Tipe 4
rakitan komponen ora lengkap minangka SPD, mbutuhake evaluasi luwih lan ora
diijini dipasang ing lapangan minangka SPD mandiri. Asring, piranti kasebut mbutuhake
pangayoman overcurrent tambahan.

Tipe 5 SPD (Component Recognized) - Piranti proteksi lonjakan komponen diskrit,
kayata MOV sing bisa dipasang ing Papan wiring dicithak, disambungake dening ndadékaké utawa
disedhiyakake ing pager kanthi sarana pemasangan lan kabel kabel. Tipe Iki
5 Komponen SPD ora lengkap minangka SPD, mbutuhake evaluasi luwih lanjut lan ora
diijini dipasang ing lapangan minangka SPD mandiri. Tipe 5 SPDs umume
komponen digunakake ing desain lan construction saka SPDs lengkap utawa SPD liyane
majelis.

Apa UL Circuit Rating Saiki (SCCR)?prosurge2017-10-31T16:52:02+08:00

Apa UL Circuit Rating Saiki (SCCR)?

SSCR-Short Circuit Rating Saiki. Kesesuaian SPD kanggo digunakake ing sirkuit daya AC sing bisa ngirim ora luwih saka saiki simetris rms ngumumaké ing voltase ngumumaké sak kahanan short circuit. SCCR ora padha karo AIC (Amp Interrupting Capacity). SCCR punika jumlah "kasedhiya" saiki sing SPD bisa tundhuk lan aman medhot saka sumber daya ing kahanan short circuit. Jumlah saiki "diselani" dening SPD biasane Ngartekno kurang saka saiki "kasedhiya".

UL 1449 lan National Electric Code (NEC) mbutuhake SCCR (Circuit Current Rating) kanggo ditandani kabeh unit SPD. Iki ora minangka surge rating, nanging saiki sing diijini maksimum sing SPD bisa ngganggu nalika acara gagal. NEC / UL duweni persyaratan yen SPD bakal diuji lan dicelupake karo SCCR sing padha karo, utawa luwih dhuwur tinimbang kesalahan saiki sing kasedhiya ing titik kasebut ing sistem kasebut.

Apa penting nalika nemtokake SPD?prosurge2017-10-31T16:31:39+08:00

Apa penting nalika nemtokake SPD?

Nalika nemtokake SPD, kirimake spesifikasi sing cetha, cetha babagan kinerja kinerja lan fitur sing dibutuhake. Spesifikasi minimal kudu kalebu:

• UL surge rating

• Kontrol penundaan

• Rating sirkuit cendhak

• Puncak arus saiki saben mode (LN, LG, lan NG)

• voltase lan konfigurasi layanan listrik

Apa piranti Surge Protective utawa Surge Arrestor (SPD)?prosurge2017-10-31T16:30:05+08:00

Apa piranti Surge Protective utawa Surge Arrestor (SPD)?

SPD minangka piranti sing dirancang kanggo mbatesi energi surge kanggo peralatan listrik. Dadi iki kanthi ngalihake utawa matesi saiki. SPD wis diwatesi kanthi podo karo peralatan sing dimaksudake kanggo njaga. Sawise voltase surya ngluwihi rating sing dirancang kasebut "wiwit ngapit" lan mulai nindakake energi langsung menyang sistem grounding listrik. SPD duweni resiko banget ing wektu iki lan "celana" energi nganti lemah. Sawise surge wis liwat "mbukak" munggah, supaya ora pemicu sirkuit wiwitan.