How do I select a proper Prosurge SPD for my application?

Though we try our best to offer an extensive, thorough product presentation on our website, catalogs and other documents, we believe the best way for model selecting is to consult with us with your requirement and then our professional will recommend a suitable model.

What are ANSI/UL 1449 Third Edition Versus IEC 61643-1 – Key Differences In Testing

The following examines a few of the key differences between Underwriters Laboratory’s required test for surge protective devices (SPDs); ANSI/UL 1449 Third Edition and the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) required test for SPDs, IEC 61643-1. Short Circuit Current Rating (SCCR): The capacity of current with which the tested SPD can withstand at the terminals where connected, without breaching the enclosure in any way. UL: Tests the full product at twice the nominal voltage to see if entire product is completely offline. The entire product (as shipped) is tested; including metal oxide varistors (MOVs). IEC: Test only looks at the terminals and the physical connections to determine if they are robust enough to handle the fault. MOVs are replaced with a copper block and a manufacturer’s recommended fuse is placed in-line (external to the device). Imax: Per IEC 61643-1 – The crest value of a current through the SPD having an 8/20 waveshape and magnitude according to the test sequence of the class II operating duty test. UL: Does not recognize the need for an Imax test. IEC: An operating duty cycle test is used to ramp up to an Imax point (determined by the manufacturer). This is meant to find “blind points” within the design when subjected to a high level impulse. This is conducted as a life expectancy or robustness test. The fuse needs to withstand Imax, and the test checks thermal stability of the SPD (after each duty cycle impulse bringing the SPD up to its maximum continuous operating voltage MCOV) and its physical condition。 I nominal: The crest value of the current through the SPD having a current waveshape of 8/20. UL: I nominal test is similar to the IEC’s, however, the I nominal results do not link to a Up value (a value used internationally for electrical coordination). Instead, UL uses I nominal to determine a product’s Voltage Protection Rating (VPR). Levels are limited to a maximum of 20 kA. The SPD remains functional after 15 surges. IEC: Does not limit I nominal testing to 20kA, however, the manufacturer’s selected In level is used to get a Up value, a value considered to be the protective performance of the SPD. This value is used for electrical coordination(ratings of building wire, equipment). Therefore the goal of the manufacturer is to try to attain the highest Inominal level with the lowest Up results. Many manufactures opt to only test as high as 20 kA so they will appear to have a low Up. Class versus category UL: UL Type designation is a location designator with a difference to the way I nominal is tested (for device which provides SCCR needs to be included and survive when doing I nominal testing). IEC: Designates certain tests as a class I, II, or III. Class designation between I and II has to do with the impulse applied – Class I; an I imp test (10×350) and a class II – 8 x 20 μs. The IEC designates certain tests as a class I, II, or III and can beconfused with UL’s Type I, II, III, or IV designations. There is some validity to both identifying the product’s approved installation location (UL) and applying a more robust impulse/waveform to those products that will be installed in harsher locations (IEC). Waveforms: A graph of an impulse wave that shows its shape and changes in amplitude with time. UL: Recognizes the 8 x 20 μs waveform. IEC: The IEC incorporates 2 waveforms into their test, the 8 x 20 μs which is used for class II testing to represent surges induced onto power lines. And the 10 x 350 μs waveform which is used for class I testing that represents partial or direct lightning currents (due to building or power line strikes).The IEC also uses other ring wave type waveforms for point of use (class III) tests.

How do I know which is the correct surge protection device that must be installed?

Choosing the right surge arrester(s) is a key factor to guarantee correct protection of the installation. A poorly designed Lightning & Surge protection system may lead to early ageing of the SPD and potential failure of the protective devices in the installation allowing damage to the primary systems up stream, thus defeating the rationale behind the protection being installed Prosurge does not provide a set of rules and guides to support acorrect design of the protection system according to the application. However we follow the IEC and UL lightning and surge protection standards. With this in mind we provide a cascaded system as laid down in the rules of the standard, not the rules of Prosurge. In the field of industrial applications, a standard practice is to install a cascaded protection system based on several coordinated protective devices installed at different stages (LPZ’s). The benefit of this strategy is the fact that it allows a high discharge capacity close to the installation entrance along with a low residual voltage (level of protection) at the main incomer of installation of sensitive equipment. The design of such a protective system is, amongst other factors, based on the assessment of information such as existence of a lightning rod (Lightning Protection System) and type of incoming power supply lines, secondary primary equipment and data systems. The solutions provide protection against either Transient or Permanent (TOV) overvoltages or against both of them (T+P) simultaneously. The final product choice depends on parameters such as: type of installation, type of network disconnection (operation on MCB or RCD), auto reclosing, breaking capacity, etc. Usually you can refer IEC61643- Low-voltage surge protective devices – Part 12:Surge protective devices connected to low-voltage power distribution systems -Selection and application principles

Can lightning destroy the photovoltaic system?

Photovoltaic systems are technologically highly sensitive and a direct lightning strike would definitely destroy it. There is also yet another hazard,as a lightning strike could create surge voltage near the solar power system and these surge voltages can also destroy the system. The inverter is the primary point in need of protection. Usually, inverters will integrate surge-voltage protectors into their inverters. However, since these components only discharge small voltage peaks, you should consider using surge protective devices (SPD) in individual cases.

Are joule ratings a specification used for SPD?

In the past, some manufacturers have used joule ratings in their specifications. They are not considered a good indicator for SPD performance and not recognized by any standard organizations. Prosurge doesn’t support this specification also.

Is “Response Time”a valid specification?

Response time specifications are not supported by any standards organizations overseeing Surge Protective Devices.IEEE C62.62 Standard Test Specification for SPDs specifically mentions it should not be used as a specification.

What are the different power systems in use in the US and what are the protection needs for each?

The US power distribution system is a TN-C-S system. This implies that the Neutral and Ground conductors are bonded at the service entrance of each, and every, facility or separately derived sub-system. This means that the neutral-to-ground (N-G) protection mode within a multi-mode SPD installed at the service entrance panel is basically redundant. Further from this N-G bondpoint, such as in branch distribution panels, the need for this additional mode of protection is more warranted. In addition to the N-G protection mode, some SPDs can include line-to-neutral (L-N) and line-to-line (L-L) protection. On a three phase WYE system, the need for L-L protection is questionable as balanced L-N protection also provides a measure of protection on the L-L conductors. Changes to the 2002 edition of the National Electrical Code® (NEC®) (www.nfpa.org) have precluded the use of SPDs on ungrounded delta power distribution systems. Behind this rather broad statement is the intention that SPDs should not be connected L-G as by so doing these modes of protection are creating pseudo grounds to the floating system. Modes of protection connected L-L are however acceptable.The high-leg delta system is a grounded system and as such allows for protection modes to be connected L-L and L-N or L-G.

How does installation affect the performance of SPDs?

The installation of SPDs is often poorly understood. A good SPD, incorrectly installed, can prove of little benefit in real-life surge conditions. The very high rate-of-change of current, typical of a surge transient, will develop significant volt drops on the leads connecting the SPD to the panel or equipment being protected. This can mean higher than desired voltages reaching the equipment during such a surge condition. Prosurge suggests that measures to counteract this effect include locating the SPD so as to keep interconnecting lead lengths as short as possible, twisting these leads together. Using a heavier gauge AWG cable helps to some extent but this is only a second order effect. It is also important to keep protected and unprotected circuits and leads separate to avoid cross coupling of transient energy.

What is a practical surge rating for service entrance protection?

This is a difficult question and depends on many aspects including – site exposure, regional is okeraunic levels and utility supply. A statistical study of lightning strike probability reveals that the average lightning discharge is between 30 and 40kA, while only 10% of lightning discharges exceed 100kA. Given that a strike to a transmission feeder is likely to share the total current received into anumber of distribution paths, the reality of the surge current entering a facility can be very much less than that of the lightning strike which precipitate it. The ANSI/IEEE C62.41.1-2002 standard seeks to characterize the electrical environment at different locations throughout a facility. It defines the service entrance location as between a B and C environment, meaning that surge currents up to 10kA 8/20 can be experienced in such locations. This said,SPDs located in such environments are often rated above such levels to provide a suitable operating life expectancy, 100kA/phase being typical.

What are surges transients, and temporary over-voltages, and what are their typical characteristics?

Although often used as separate terms in the surge industry, Transients and Surges are the same phenomenon. Transients and Surges can be current, voltage, or both and can have peak values in excess of 10kA or 10kV. They are typically of very short duration (usually >10 µs & <1 ms), with a waveform that has a very rapid rise to the peak and then falls off at a much slower rate. Transients and Surges can be caused by external sources such as lightning or a short circuit, or from internal sources such as Contactor switching, Variable Speed Drives, Capacitor switching, etc. Temporary over voltages (TOVs) are oscillatory phase-to-ground or phase-to-phase over voltages that can last as little as a few seconds or as long as several minutes. Sources of TOV’s include fault reclosing, load switching, ground impedance shifts,single-phase faults and ferroresonance effects to name a few. Due to their potentially high voltage and long duration, TOV’s can be very detrimental to MOV-based SPD’s. An extended TOV can cause permanent damage to an SPD and render the unit inoperable. Note that while UL 1449 (3rd Edition) ensures that the SPD will not create a safety hazard under these conditions, SPDs are not designed to protect against TOVs.

Do SPDs protect against direct lightning strikes?

A direct lighting strike is the most powerful and difficult surge to protect against. Prosurge recommend that Proper grounding and bonding of the electrical system and employing proper surge protection can protect sensitive equipment. A SPD with a higher single surge current rating will perform best against this type of event, if the unit is properly installed and the grounding system is adequate.The maximum single withstand surge current rating is defined in IEEE SPD Standard C62.62.

What is Suppressed Voltage Rating (SVR) and Voltage Protection Rating (VPR)?

SVR was part of an earlier version of UL 1449 Edition and is no longer used in the UL 1449 standard. The SVR was replaced by VPR. VPR is part of the UL 1449 3rd Edition and is the clamping performance data for SPDs. Each SPD mode is subjected to a 6kV/3kA combination surge wave and its measured clamping value is rounded up to the nearest value based on table 63.1 from UL 1449 3rd Edition.

How are SPDs related to UL 96A?

UL 96A is the standard for Lightning Protection systems. For a building to meet UL 96A is must have a Type 1 SPD with a Nominal Discharge Current rating of 20kA installed at the service entrance.

How does a Type 1 SPD compare to a Type 2 SPD?

Some key differences between Type 1 and Type 2 SPDs are: External Overcurrent Protection. Type 2 SPDs may require external overcurrent protection or it may be included within the SPD. Type 1 SPDs generally include overcurrent protection within the SPD or other means to satisfy the requirements of the standard; thus, Type 1 SPDs and Type 2 SPDs that do not require external overcurrent protection devices eliminate the potential for installing an incorrectly rated (mismatched) overcurrent protection device with the SPD. Nominal Discharge Current Ratings. Available Nominal Discharge Current (In) ratings of Type 1 SPDs are 10 kA or 20 kA; whereas, Type 2 SPDs may have 3 kA , 5 kA, 10 kA or 20 kA Nominal Discharge Current ratings. UL 1283 EMI/RFI Filtering. Some UL 1449 Listed SPDs include filter circuits that have been evaluated as a UL 1283 (Standard for Electromagnetic Interference Filters) filter. These are complimentary UL Listed as a UL 1283 filter and a UL 1449 SPD. By definition and the scope of UL 1283, UL 1283 Listed filters are evaluated for load-side applications only, not line-side applications. Consequently, UL will not complimentary list a Type 1 SPD as a UL 1283 Listed filter. However, a Type 1 SPD might include a UL 1283 filter as a Recognized Component within a Listed Type 1 SPD, which has been fully evaluated for lineside usage. Manufacturers of such products generally offer the identical SPD as a Type 2 UL 1449 Listed SPD with complimentary Listing as a UL 1283 Listed filter. Capacitors. Capacitors utilized in Type 1 SPDs may be evaluated for safety differently than in Type 2 SPDs. All capacitors in Type 1 SPD applications are evaluated to UL 810 (Standard for Capacitors). This includes filtering capacitors referenced above in UL 1283 (Standard for Electromagnetic Interference Filters) applications. Capacitors in Type 2 SPDs are evaluated to UL 1414 (Standard for Capacitors and Suppressors for Radio- and Television-Type Appliances) and/or UL 1283 (Standard for Electromagnetic Interference Filters).

What are the UL SPD Type categories and what do they mean?

Type 1 SPDs (Listed) – Permanently connected, hard-wired SPDs intended for installation between the secondary of the service transformer and the line side of the main service equipment overcurrent protective device, as well as the load side of the main service equipment (i.e. Type 1’s can be installed anywhere within the distribution system). Type 1 SPDs include watt-hour meter socket enclosure type SPDs. Being on the line side of the service disconnect where there are no overcurrent protective devices to protect an SPD, Type 1 SPDs must be listed without the use of an external overcurrent protective device. The Nominal Discharge Current Rating for Type 1 SPDs is either 10kA or 20kA. Type 2 SPDs (Listed) – Permanently connected, hard-wired SPDs intended for installation on the load side of the main service equipment overcurrent protective device. These SPDs may also be installed at the main service equipment, but must be installed on the load side of the main service overcurrent protective device. Type 2 SPDs may or may not require an overcurrent protection device per their NRTL listing. If a specific overcurrent protection is required, the SPD’s NRTL listing file and labeling/instructions are required to note the size and type of overcurrent protective device. Note: In some cases the overcurrent protective device used can impact the nominal discharge rating of the SPD. For example, the SPD may have a 10 kA nominal discharge current rating when protected by a 30 Amp circuit breaker and a 20 kA nominal discharge current rating when protected by a different but specific make and model of overcurrent protection device. The Nominal Discharge Current Rating for Type 2 SPDs is 3 kA, 5 kA, 10 kA, or 20 kA. Type 3 SPDs (Listed) – These SPDs are called, ‘Point of Utilization SPDs’, which are to be installed at a minimum conductor length of 10 meter (30 feet) from the electrical service panel unless they are evaluated at Type 2 SPDs (that is, they receive a Nominal Discharge Current Rating of 3 kA minimum). Typically, these are cord-connected surge strips, direct plug-in SPDs, or receptacle-type SPDs installed at the utilization equipment being protected (i.e. computers, copy machines, etc.). Type 1, 2, 3 Component Assembly SPDs (Component Recognized) – These SPDs are intended to be factory installed into electrical distribution equipment or end-use equipment. These are Recognized Component SPDs evaluated for use in Type 1, 2 or 3 SPD applications. Such component SPDs must pass all the same electrical safety failure tests as listed Type 1, 2 or 3 SPDs. While these SPDs are 100% compliant from a safety failure testing point of view, these Type 1, 2 and 3 component assembly SPDs have conditions of acceptability such as exposed terminals or other mechanical construction that requires them to be installed or housed within a listed assembly to provide protection from exposure to live parts or other requirements. These Type 1, 2 or 3 Recognized Component SPDs should not be confused with ANSI/UL 1449-2006 Type 4 Component Assemblies and Type 5 discrete SPD components that require additional components (possibly safety disconnectors), design and testing in order to be used as a complete surge protective device. Type 4 Component Assembly SPD (Component Recognized) –– These component assemblies consist of one or more Type 5 SPD components together with a disconnector (integral or external) or a means of complying with the limited current tests in UL 1449, Section 39.4. These are incomplete SPD assemblies, which typically are installed in listed end-use products as long as all conditions of acceptability are met. These Type 4 component assemblies are incomplete as an SPD, require further evaluation and are not permitted to be installed in the field as a stand-alone SPD. Often, these devices require additional overcurrent protection. Type 5 SPD (Component Recognized) – Discrete component surge protection devices, such as MOVs that may be mounted on a printed wiring board, connected by its leads or provided within an enclosure with mounting means and wiring terminations. These Type 5 SPD components are incomplete as an SPD, require further evaluation and are not permitted to be installed in the field as a stand-alone SPD. Type 5 SPDs are generally the components used in the design and construction of complete SPDs or other SPD assemblies.

What is the UL Short Circuit Current Rating (SCCR)?

SSCR-Short Circuit Current Rating. The suitability of an SPD for use on an AC power circuit that is capable of delivering not more than a declared rms symmetrical current at a declared voltage during a short circuit condition. SCCR is not the same as AIC (Amp Interrupting Capacity). SCCR is the amount of “available”current that the SPD can be subjected to and safely disconnect from the power source under short circuit conditions. The amount of current “interrupted” by the SPD is typically significantly less than the “available” current. UL 1449 and the National Electric Code (NEC) require the SCCR (Short Circuit Current Rating) to be marked on all SPD units. It is not a surge rating, but the maximum allowable current a SPD can interrupt in the event of failure. The NEC/UL has a requirement that the SPD be tested and labelled with a SCCR equal to, or greater than the available fault current at that point in the system.

What is important when specifying SPD?

When specifying SPD, submit a clear, concise specification detailing the required performance and design features. A minimum specification should include: • UL surge rating • Suppression rating • Short circuit rating • Peak surge current per mode (L-N, L-G, and N-G) • voltage and configuration of electrical service

What is a Surge Protective Device or Surge Arrestor (SPD)?

SPD is a device designed to limit surge energy to electrical equipment. It does this by diverting or limiting surge current. An SPD is wired in parallel to the equipment it is intended to protect. Once the surge voltage exceeds its designed rating it “begins to clamp” and starts to conduct energy directly to the electrical grounding system. An SPD has a very low resistance during this time and “shorts” the energy to ground. Once the surge is over it “opens” up, so it does not trigger upstream circuit breakers.

I-FAQ - I-Prosurge

Q: Do SPDs protect against direct lightning strikes?

A direct lighting strike is the most powerful and difficult surge to protect against. Prosurge recommend that Proper grounding and bonding of the electrical system and employing proper surge protection can protect sensitive equipment. A SPD with a higher single surge current rating will perform best against this type of event, if the unit is properly installed and the grounding system is adequate.The maximum single withstand surge current rating is defined in IEEE SPD Standard C62.62.

Ngikhetha kanjani i-Prosurge SPD efanele yesicelo sami?i-prosurge2017-10-31T17:34:33+08:00

Ngikhetha kanjani i-Prosurge SPD efanele yesicelo sami?

Yize senza konke okusemandleni ethu ukunikeza isethulo esiphezulu, ngokugcwele kwi-website yethu, izinhlu kanye neminye imibhalo, sikholelwa ukuthi indlela engcono kakhulu yokukhetha imodeli ukuxhumana nathi ngemfuno yakho bese kuthi ochwepheshe bethu bazoncoma imodeli efanelekayo.

Yiziphi i-ANSI / UL 1449 I-Edition Yesibili Ne-IEC 61643-1 - Izingqinamba Ezinzima Ekuhlolwenii-prosurge2017-10-31T17:29:56+08:00

Yiziphi i-ANSI / UL 1449 I-Edition Yesibili Ne-IEC 61643-1 - Izingqinamba Ezinzima Ekuhlolweni

Okulandelayo kuhlola okungafani okubalulekile phakathi kokuhlolwa kwe-Underwriters Laboratory okudingekayo kumadivaysi okuzivikela okuqhubekayo (SPDs); I-ANSI / UL 1449 I-Third Edition ne-International Electrotechnical Commission (i-IEC) idinga ukuhlolwa kwe-SPDs, IEC 61643-1.

Isikhathi esifushane seSikhathi samanje (SCCR): Umthamo wamanje lapho i-SPD evivinywayo ingamelana khona nama-terminals lapho ixhunyiwe khona, ngaphandle kokuphulukisa okuvaliwe nganoma iyiphi indlela.

I-UL: Uvivinya umkhiqizo ogcwele kabili i-voltage ekhethiwe ukuze ubone ukuthi yonke imikhiqizo ayixhunyiwe ngokuphelele. Umkhiqizo wonke (njengoba uthunyelwe) uhlolwe; kuhlanganise ne-metal oxide varistors (MOVs).

I-IEC: Ukuhlola kubheka kuphela ama-terminals kanye nokuxhumana kwangokwenyama ukubona ukuthi kunamandla okwanele okusingatha iphutha. I-MOV ishintshwe nge-block block kanye nomfutho wokunconywa womkhiqizi kufakwa ku-inthanethi (ngaphandle kwedivayisi).

I-IEX: I-IEC 61643-1 - Inani eliyigugu lamanje ngokusebenzisa i-SPD ene-8 / 20 namagagasi kanye nobukhulu ngokulandelana kokuhlolwa kohlolo lokusebenza komsebenzi wekilasi II.

UL: Ayiboni isidingo sokuhlolwa kwe-Imax.

I-IEC: Isivivinyo somjikelezo womsebenzi esetshenziswayo sisetshenziselwa ukukhuphukela endaweni ye-Imax (enqunywa ngumenzi). Lokhu kuhloselwe ukuthola "amaphuzu angaboni" ngaphakathi kokuklanywa lapho kufakwa umfutho osezingeni eliphakeme. Lokhu kwenziwa njengokuhlolwa kwesikhathi sokuphila noma ukuhlolwa kokuqina. I-fuse idinga ukumelana ne-Imax, futhi isivivinyo sihlola ukuzinza okushisayo kwe-SPD (ngemuva komfutho womjikelezo womsebenzi ngamunye wokuletha i-SPD emandleni ayo aqhubekayo wokusebenza we-MCOV) nesimo sayo somzimba.

Ngizibiza ngokuthi: Inani eliyigugu lamanje ngokusebenzisa i-SPD enamagagasi wamanje we-8 / 20.

I-UL: Ukuhlolwa okuzibiza ngokufanayo kufana ne-IEC, kodwa imiphumela engikhulumiyo ayihlanganisi ne-Up value (inani elisetshenziselwa ukusebenzisana kagesi emhlabeni jikelele). Esikhundleni salokho, uLU isebenzisa mina ngokuzikhethela ukuze nginqume iVottage Protection Rating (VPR) yomkhiqizo. Amazinga anqunyelwe ukuphakama kwe-20 kA. I-SPD ihlala isebenza ngemva kokuqhuma kwe-15.

IEC: Awuyikukhawulela ukuhlolwa okusemthethweni ku-20kA, noma kunjalo, okhethweni lomkhiqizo okhethiwe lisetshenziselwa ukuthola inani eliphezulu, inani elibhekwa njengokusebenza okuvikela kwe-SPD. Le nzuzo isetshenziselwa ukuhlanganiswa kagesi (izilinganiso zetambo yokwakha, imishini).

Ngakho-ke umgomo womkhiqizi ukuzama ukuthola izinga eliphakeme kakhulu lama-Inominal nemiphumela ephansi kakhulu ye-Up. Abaningi bakhiqiza ukuhlola ukukhetha okuphezulu kuphela njenge-20 kA ngakho bazobonakala bephansi.

Isigaba ngokuhambisana nesigaba

UL: UL Uhlobo olubizwa ngokuthi i-designer indawo yikhiqiza yendawo umahluko ngendlela engizibiza ngayo ihlolwe (ngoba idivaysi enika i-SCCR idinga ukuba ifakwe futhi iphile lapho ngenza ukuhlolwa okusemthethweni).

I-IEC: Ikhetha izivivinyo ezithile njengesigaba I, II, noma III. Ukuqokwa kwesigaba phakathi kuka-I no-II kuhlobene nomfutho osetshenzisiwe - Isigaba I; isivivinyo se-I imp (10 × 350) nesigaba II - 8 x 20 μs.

IEC ibeka izivivinyo ezithile njengeklasini I, II, noma III futhi ingahle ibhekane nezinhlamvu ze-UL zika-Type I, II, III noma ezine-IV. Kukhona okuqinisekisiwe kokubili kokukhomba indawo yokufaka yomkhiqizo ovunyelwe (UL) nokufaka isicelo esiphezulu se-impulse / waveform kulawo mkhiqizo ozofakwa ezindaweni ezinzima (i-IEC).

Ama-Waveforms: Igrafu yomsakazo wokuziphendulela obonisa ukuma kwawo kanye nezinguquko kumakhulwini ngesikhathi.

UL: Ubona i-8 x 20 μs.

IEC: I-IEC ifaka amafomu omhlaba we-2 ekuvivinyweni kwabo, i-8 x 20 μs esetshenziselwa ukuhlolwa kwekilasi II ukumela ukuqhutshwa kwamagciwane okuqhutshwa emigqeni yamandla. Futhi i-10 x 350 μs isimo sombuso esetshenziselwa ukuhlola ekilasini engiyilwela ukuthi imele imikhakha ekhanyayo noma ekhanyayo (ngenxa yokwakhiwa kwamandla noma ukwakhiwa kwamandla) .I-IEC iphinde isebenzise nezinye izinhlobo ze-waves wave type for wave (test III).

Ngingazi kanjani ukuthi iyiphi idivayisi efanele yokuvikelwa kokusebenza okufanele ifakwe?i-prosurge2017-10-31T17:28:05+08:00

Ngingazi kanjani ukuthi iyiphi idivayisi efanele yokuvikelwa kokusebenza okufanele ifakwe?

Ukukhetha isiboshwa (s) sokukhulisa esifanele kuyisici esibalulekile sokuqinisekisa ukuvikelwa okulungile kokufakwa. Uhlelo lokuvikelwa olungakhanyi kahle lwe-Lightning & Surge lungaholela ekugugeni kwasekuqaleni kwe-SPD kanye nokwehluleka okungenzeka kwamadivayisi wokuvikela ekufakweni okuvumela ukulimala kohlelo lokuqala olusakazayo, ngaleyo ndlela lunqobe umuzwa wokuvikela ukufakwa

I-Prosurge ayihlinzeki ngemithetho nemikhombandlela yokusekela ukuklama okungalungile kwesistimu yokuvikela ngokusho kwesicelo. Kodwa-ke silandela ukukhanya kwe-IEC kanye ne-UL kanye namazinga okuvikelwa komzimba. Ngalokhu engqondweni sinikeza uhlelo lokusakaza njengalokhu lubekelwe imithetho yemigomo, hhayi imithetho ye-Prosurge.

Emkhakheni wezinhlelo zokusebenza zezimboni, umkhuba ojwayelekile ukufaka uhlelo lokuvikelwa kwe-cascade esekelwe kumadivayisi amaningana avikelayo ahlanganisiwe asezigaba ezahlukene (i-LPZ). Inzuzo yalolu cwaningo yilokuthi ivumela ukukhishwa okuphezulu okukhulu eduze kokungeniswa kokufaka kanye ne-voltage ephansi yokusiyeka (izinga lokuvikelwa) engxenyeni esemqoka yokufakwa kwemishini ebucayi.

Umklamo wesistimu wokuzivikela okunjalo, phakathi kwezinye izici, ngokusekelwe ekuhloleni kolwazi olufana nokukhona kwetambo lokukhanyisa (Lightning Protection System) kanye nohlobo lwezintambo zokungena kwamandla angenayo, imishini yamabanga aphansi kanye nezinhlelo zedatha.

Izixazululo zinikeza ukuvikelwa kokuqothulwa kweTransent or Permanent (TOV) noma ngokubili kokubili (T + P) kanyekanye.

Ukukhethwa kokugcina komkhiqizo kuxhomeke kumingcele efana nalokhu: uhlobo lokufakwa, uhlobo lokunqamula kwenethiwekhi (ukusebenza ku-MCB noma i-RCD), ukuvala ngokuzenzakalelayo, ukuhlukunyezwa, njll.

Imvamisa ungabheka i-IEC61643- Okokuvikela amandla amancane okuphansi - Ingxenye 12: Amadivayisi wokuvikela axhumeke kumasistimu okusabalalisa amandla aphansi -Izimiso zokukhetha nezokusetshenziswa

Ingabe umbane ungawubhubhisa uhlelo lwe-photovoltaic?i-prosurge2017-10-31T17:26:31+08:00

Ingabe umbane ungawubhubhisa uhlelo lwe-photovoltaic?

Izinhlelo ze-photovoltaic zisezingeni eliphezulu kakhulu kwezobuchwepheshe futhi isiteleka sombani ngokuqondile sizoyibhubhisa nakanjani. Kukhona futhi enye ingozi, njengoba isiteleka somlilo singakha amandla okushisa eduze kwesistimu yombuso welanga futhi lezi zindlela zokuvota zingase zibhubhise uhlelo. I-inverter yikona eliyinhloko elidinga ukuvikelwa. Ngokuvamile, abaguquguquli bazohlanganisa abavikeli be-voltage-voltage kubangaphakathi babo. Kodwa-ke, njengoba lezi zakhi zikhishwa kuphela iziqongo ezincane zamandla, kufanele ucabange ukusebenzisa amadivaysi okuzivikela wokuvikela (SPD) ezimweni ngamanye.

Ingabe ukudlala ukulinganisa isichazamazwi esetshenziselwa i-SPD?i-prosurge2017-10-31T17:25:41+08:00

Ingabe ukudlala ukulinganisa isichazamazwi esetshenziselwa i-SPD?

Esikhathini esedlule, abanye abakhiqizi basebenzise izilinganiso zokudlala ezichazweni zabo. Ababhekwa njengesikhombisa esihle sokusebenza kwe-SPD futhi angabonwa yiziphi izinhlangano ezijwayelekile. I-Prosurge ayisekeli le ncazelo futhi.

Ingabe "Isikhathi Sokuphendula" incazelo evumelekile?i-prosurge2017-10-31T17:24:47+08:00

Ingabe "Isikhathi Sokuphendula" incazelo evumelekile?

Izimpendulo zesikhathi esiphendulwayo azixhaswa yinoma yiziphi izinkampani zokulinganisa ezibheke amadivaysi okuvivinya ama-Surge Protection.EEEE C62.62 Ukuhlola okujwayelekile kwe-SPDs okukhulunywa ngokuqondile akufanele isetshenziswe njengenkcazelo.

Yiziphi izinhlelo ezihlukene zamandla ezisetshenziswayo e-US futhi izidingo zokuvikela ziyini?i-prosurge2017-10-31T17:23:39+08:00

Yiziphi izinhlelo ezihlukene zamandla ezisetshenziswayo e-US futhi izidingo zokuvikela ziyini?

Isistimu yokusatshalaliswa kwamandla e-US iyisistimu ye-TN-CS. Lokhu kusho ukuthi abaqhubi be-Neutral ne-Ground bahlanganiswa emnyango wokungena ngamunye, futhi zonke, indawo noma uhlelo oluthile olutholakala ngokwehlukana. Lokhu kusho ukuthi imodi yokuvikela engathathi hlangothi (NG) engaphansi kwe-SPD efakwe kwipaneli yokungena yesevisi ngokuyisisekelo. Ngokuqhubekayo kusuka ku-bondpoint ye-NG, njengama-panels wokusabalalisa amagatsha, isidingo salesi simo sokuvikeleka esengeziwe siqinisekisiwe. Ngaphandle kwendlela yokuvikelwa kwe-NG, ama-SPD athile angabandakanya ukuvikelwa kwe-line-to-neutral (LN) kanye nokuvikelwa komugqa wokuya emgqeni (LL). Kuhlelo lwesithathu lwesigaba se-WYE, isidingo sokuvikelwa kwe-LL sinokungabaza njengokuvikelwa okulinganiselayo kwe-LN futhi kunikeza isilinganiso sokuvikelwa kwabaqhubi be-LL.
Izinguquko kumagazini we-2002 we-National Electrical Code® (NEC®) (www.nfpa.org) ziye zavimbela ukusetshenziswa kwe-SPD kumasistimu okusabalalisa amandla angasese angaphansi komhlaba. Ngalesi sisho esicacile kunenhloso yokuthi ama-SPD akufanele axhumane ne-LG njengoba ngokwenza lezi zindlela zokuvikelwa zidala izizathu ezingenasisindo ohlelweni oluthile. Izindlela zokuvikelwa ezixhunywe i-LL nazo zamukelekile.Isistimu ye-delta ephakeme kakhulu yindlela ehlelekile futhi ngaleyo ndlela ivumela izindlela zokuvikela ukuthi zixhunywe i-LL ne-LN noma i-LG.

Ukufakwa kuthinta kanjani ukusebenza kwama-SPD?i-prosurge2017-10-31T17:19:51+08:00

Ukufakwa kuthinta kanjani ukusebenza kwama-SPD?

Ukufakwa kwe-SPDs kuvame ukuqondakala kahle. I-SPD enhle, efakwe ngokungalungile, ingabonisa ukuthi ayizuzi kakhulu ezimweni zokuphila kwangempela. Isilinganiso esiphezulu kakhulu sokushintshwa kwamanje, esivamile sokuhamba kwesikhathi esizayo, sizohlakulela amaconsi amakhulu e-volt emithonjeni ehlanganisa i-SPD iphaneli noma imishini evikelwe. Lokhu kungasho ukuthi kuphakeme kunezintandokazi ezifunayo ezifinyelela kulo mishini ngenkathi kuqhuma isimo. I-Prosurge iphakamisa ukuthi izinyathelo zokulwa nalomphumela zihlanganisa ukufaka i-SPD ukuze ugcine ukuxhuma ubude bokuhola ubude ngangokunokwenzeka, ukuhlanekezela lokhu kuholela ndawonye. Ukusebenzisa ikhebula le-AWG elilinganiselwe kakhulu lisiza kakhulu kodwa lokhu kungumphumela wesibili kuphela. Kubuye kubalulekile ukugcina izifunda ezivikelwe futhi ezingavimbelwe futhi ziholele ehlukene ukuze ugweme ukudluliswa kwamandla okuhamba kwesikhathi.

Kuyini ukulinganiswa kokusebenza okusebenzayo kokuvikelwa komnyango?i-prosurge2017-10-31T17:17:34+08:00

Kuyini ukulinganiswa kokusebenza okusebenzayo kokuvikelwa komnyango?

Lo ngumbuzo onzima futhi kuxhomeke ezicini eziningi ezifaka phakathi - ukuvezwa kwendawo, isifunda amazinga okeraunic kanye nokunikezwa kwezinsiza. Ucwaningo oluningi lwesiteleka sombani luveza ukuthi ukukhanya kokukhanya kombani kuphakathi kwe-30 no-40kA, kuyilapho kuphela ukukhanya kwe-10% kokukhanya kudlula i-100kA. Njengoba kunikezwe ukuthi isiteleka ku-feeder transmitter cishe sokwabelana ngokulinganiselwa kwamanje okwamukelwe ku-anumber yemigwaqo yokusabalalisa, iqiniso lokuthi ukuhamba kwamanje okungena endaweni kungahle kube ngaphansi kwesiteleka sombani esiyinkimbinkimbi.

Inqubo ye-ANSI / IEEE ye-C62.41.1-2002 ihlose ukuveza imvelo kagesi ezindaweni ezahlukene kuyo yonke indawo. Ichaza indawo yokungena yesevisi ephakathi kwemvelo ye-B ne-C, okusho ukuthi izimpande zokuhamba kuze kufike ku-10kA 8 / 20 zingahle zihlangane ezindaweni ezinjalo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi ama-SPD asezindaweni ezinjalo avame ukulinganiswa ngaphezu kwamazinga anjalo ukuhlinzekela isikhathi esifanele sokuphila, i-100kA / isigaba ejwayelekile.

Ziyini izinto ezihamba phambili, futhi zithatha isikhathi esingaphezu kwamandla, futhi ziyini izici zazo ezijwayelekile?i-prosurge2017-10-31T17:16:14+08:00

Ziyini izinto ezihamba phambili, futhi zithatha isikhathi esingaphezu kwamandla, futhi ziyini izici zazo ezijwayelekile?

Yize kuvame ukusetshenziswa njengamagama ahlukene embonini yokwanda, ama-Transients namaSurge ayinto efanayo. Ama-transients nama-Surges angaba khona njengamanje, i-voltage, noma womabili futhi angaba namanani aphezulu ngaphezu kwe-10kA noma i-10kV. Zivamise ukuba zesikhathi esifushane kakhulu (imvamisa> 10 µs & <1 ms), ezinefomu lokuphakama elikhuphuka ngokushesha okukhulu kuze kufike esiqongweni bese liwa ngesilinganiso esihamba kancane. Ama-transients nama-Surges angadalwa yimithombo yangaphandle enjengombani noma isekhethi elifushane, noma kusuka emithonjeni yangaphakathi efana nokushintshwa kwe-Contactor, i-Variable Speed Drives, ukushintshwa kwe-Capacitor, njll.

I-temporary over voltages (TOVs) yi-oscillatory phase-to-ground noma phase-to-phase over voltages engakwazi ukuhlala njengamasekhondi ambalwa noma nje imizuzu embalwa. Imithombo ye-TOV ifaka iphutha lokubuyisela, ukushintsha ukushintsha, ukuguqulwa kwempedance komhlaba, iziphambeko zesigaba esisodwa nemiphumela ye-ferroresonance ukubiza amagama ambalwa. Ngenxa yombane wabo ophezulu ongasetshenziswa futhi ubude obude, ama-TOV angaphazamisa kakhulu ama-SPD asekelwe ku-MOV. I-TOV enwetshiwe ingabangela ukulimala okungapheli ku-SPD futhi unikeze le unit ukuthi ingasebenzi. Qaphela ukuthi ngenkathi i-UL 1449 (i-3rd Edition) iqinisekisa ukuthi i-SPD ngeke idale ingozi yokuphepha ngaphansi kwalezi zimiso, i-SPD ayiklanyelwe ukuvikela kuma-TOVs.

Ingabe i-SPD ivikela ukulwa kwemibani eqondile?i-prosurge2017-10-31T17:13:42+08:00

Ingabe i-SPD ivikela ukulwa kwemibani eqondile?

Isiteleka sokukhanyisa ngokuqondile yisifo esinamandla kunazo zonke nokuvikela ukulwa. I-Prosurge batusa ukuthi ukubeka kahle nokubopha okuhlelekile ohlelweni lwegesi nokusebenzisa ukuvikelwa okufanele ukuvikela kungavikela imishini ebucayi. I-SPD enezinga eliphakeme eliphakeme lokulinganisa okwamanje elizokwenza kahle ngokumelene nalolu hlobo lomcimbi, uma i-unit ifakiwe kahle futhi isimiso sokumisa sanele.Usezingeni elilodwa elilodwa elibhekene nokulinganisa ukukala kwamanje lichazwe ku-IEEE SPD Standard C62.62.

Iyini iConsored Voltage Rating (SVR) neVottage Protection Rating (VPR)?i-prosurge2017-10-31T17:10:31+08:00

Iyini iConsored Voltage Rating (SVR) neVottage Protection Rating (VPR)?

I-SVR yayiyingxenye yenguqulo yangaphambili ye-UL 1449 Edition futhi ayisasetshenziselwa izinga elingu-UL 1449. I-SVR ithathwe esikhundleni se-VPR.

I-VPR iyingxenye ye-UL 1449 3rd Edition futhi iyinombolo yokusebenza yokuhlunga ye-SPDs. Imodi ngayinye ye-SPD ifakwe ku-6kV / 3kA umvuthwandaba wokuhlanganiswa wokuhlanganiswa kanye nenani lokulinganisa elilinganiselwe lihlanganiswe nenani eliseduze elisuselwa kuthebula 63.1 kusuka ku-UL 1449 3rd Edition.

I-SPDs ihlobene kanjani ne-UL 96A?i-prosurge2017-10-31T17:05:54+08:00

I-SPDs ihlobene kanjani ne-UL 96A?

I-UL 96A iyinhlangano yezinhlelo zokuvikela izibani. Ukuze isakhiwo ukuhlangabezana no-UL 96A kumele sibe nohlobo lwe-1 SPD nge-Nominal Discharge Isilinganiso samanje se-20kA efakwe ukungena kwensizakalo.

Uhlobo lwe-1 SPD lufana kanjani nohlobo lwe-2 SPD?i-prosurge2017-10-31T17:01:51+08:00

Uhlobo lwe-1 SPD lufana kanjani nohlobo lwe-2 SPD?

Amanye umehluko omkhulu phakathi kohlobo lwe-1 nohlobo lwe-2 SPDs:

Isivikelo sangaphandle sangaphandle. Thayipha i-2 SPDs ingadinga ukudlula kwangaphandle
ukuvikelwa noma kungafakwa ngaphakathi kwe-SPD. Thayipha i-1 SPDs ngokuvamile ifaka
ukuvikelwa ngokweqile ngaphakathi kwe-SPD noma ezinye izindlela zokwanelisa izidingo
wezinga elijwayelekile; ngakho-ke, Thayipha i-1 SPDs nohlobo lwe-2 SPDs engadingi ngaphandle
Amadivaysi okuvikelwa ngokweqile aqeda amandla okufaka ngokungalungile
kulinganiswe (okungahambisani kahle) nedivaysi yokuvikelwa kwe-overcurrent nge-SPD.
Ukukhishwa kokuqokwa kwamanani okwamanje. Ukukhishwa okufakiwe okutholakala okwamanje (ngaphakathi)
Ukulinganisa kohlobo lwe-1 SPDs kuyi-10 kA noma i-20 kA; kanti, Uhlobo lwe-2 SPD lungaba ne-3
kA, 5 kA, 10 kA noma i-20 kA Ukukhishwa kokuqokwa kwamanani okwamanje.
Ukuhlunga kwe-UL 1283 EMI / RFI. Amanye ama-UL 1449 ahlongoziwe ama-SPD afaka izijikelezo zezihlungi
eziye zahlolwa njenge-UL 1283 (Standard for Interference
Izihlungi) ezihlungiwe. Lezi zi-UL ezibhalisiwe njengesihlungi se-UL 1283 no-UL
I-1449 SPD. Ngencazelo kanye nobubanzi be-UL 1283, i-UL 1283 Izihlungi ezifakiwe ziyi
ihlolwe ngezinhlelo zokusebenza zomthwalo kuphela, hhayi izinhlelo zokusebenza ezihlangene.
Ngenxa yalokho, uL UL ngeke ibe uhlu lwamagama adidiyelwe uhlobo lwe-1 SPD njengo-UL 1283 olufakiwe
isihlungi. Noma kunjalo, uhlobo lwe-1 SPD lungase lufake isihlungi se-UL 1283 njengoKwaziswa
Ingxenye ngaphakathi kohlobo olulandelwe i-1 SPD, eliye lahlolwa ngokugcwele ukuze lilandelwe
ukusetshenziswa. Abakhiqizi bemikhiqizo enjalo ngokuvamile banikela nge-SPD efanayo
Thayipha i-2 UL 1449 i-SPD ehlongozwe ngokufakwa ohlwini olubhalisiwe njengo-UL 1283 ohlwini
isihlungi.
Abaphathi. Ama-Capacitors asetshenziswe ngohlobo lwe-1 SPDs angahlolwa ngokuphepha
ngokungafani kunhlobo ye-Type 2 SPDs. Wonke ama-capacitors ngohlelo lwe-1 SPD izicelo
ihlolwe ku-UL 810 (Standard for Capacitors). Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuhlunga ama-capacitors
okukhulunywe ngenhla ku-UL 1283 (Ejwayelekile Yezinhlayiya Zokungena Ngokwe-Electromagnetic)
izicelo. Ama-Capacitors ku-Type 2 SPDs ahlolwe ku-UL 1414 (Standard for
Ama-Capacitors kanye ne-Suppressors we-Radiyo-ne-Television-Type Appliances) kanye / noma
I-UL 1283 (I-Standard for Electromagnetic Interference Filters).

Yiziphi izigaba zohlobo lwe-UL SPD futhi zisho ukuthini?i-prosurge2017-10-31T16:58:48+08:00

Yiziphi izigaba zohlobo lwe-UL SPD futhi zisho ukuthini?

Thayipha i-1 SPDs (Kuhlonziwe) - Ixhumeke unomphela, ama-SPD anesibindi ahloselwe
ukufakwa phakathi kwe-secondary ye-transformer yesevisi kanye nohlangothi lomugqa we-main
imishini yensizakalo ye-overcurrent idivayisi yokuzivikela, kanye nomkhakha wokulayisha we-main
imishini yesevisi (ie Uhlobo lwe-1 lungafakwa noma kuphi ngaphakathi kokusabalalisa
uhlelo). Thayipha i-SPNs ye-1 ifaka phakathi kwe-watt-yehora lemitha lokufaka isikhala se-SPDs. Ukuba phezu
umugqa wezinsizakalo zezinsizakalo zokuxhuma lapho kungekho khona amadivaysi okuzivikela ngaphezulu
ukuvikela i-SPD, Uhlobo lwe-1 SPDs kufanele lubalwe ngaphandle kokusetshenziswa kwangaphandle kwesinye isikhathi
idivayisi yokuvikela. I-Nominal Discharge Current Rating yehlobo lwe-1 SPD noma kunjalo
I-10kA noma i-20kA.

Thayipha i-2 SPDs (Kuhlonziwe) - Ixhumeke unomphela, ama-SPD anesibindi ahloselwe
ukufaka eceleni komthwalo wemishini yokusebenza esemqoka idivayisi yokuzivikela ngaphezulu.
La ma-SPD angase afakwe futhi emshinini wezinsiza ezinkulu, kodwa kufanele afakwe kuwo
uhlangothi lomthwalo wesevisi esemqoka yedivayisi evikela ngaphezulu. Thayipha i-2 SPDs noma kungenzeka
akudingi idivayisi yokuvikelwa kwe-overcurrent ngohlu lwabo lwe-NRTL. Uma ethize
ukuvikelwa okudlula ngaphezulu kuyadingeka, ifayela lezinombolo ze-NRTL ze-SPD kanye ne-labeling / imiyalelo
Kudingeka ukuthi uqaphele usayizi kanye nohlobo lwedivaysi yokuzivikela ngaphezulu. Qaphela: Kwezinye
Amacala ukuthi idivayisi yokuzivikela ngokweqile isetshenziswe ingaba nomthelela wokulinganisa ukuphakanyiswa kwegama
i-SPD. Isibonelo, i-SPD ingahle ibe ne-10 kA yokukhishwa okusemthethweni kokulinganisa kwamanje
uma ivikelwe i-30 Amp circuit breaker kanye ne-20 kA yokukhishwa kwamagama okwamanje
ukulinganisa uma kuvikelwe okwenziwe okwehlukile kodwa okwenziwe ngokuqondile kanye nomodeli we-overcurrent
idivayisi yokuvikelwa. I-Nominal Discharge Current Rating yehlobo 2 SPDs yi-3 kA, 5
kA, 10 kA, noma i-20 kA.

Thayipha i-3 SPDs (Kuhlelwe) - Lawa ma-SPD abizwa ngokuthi, 'I-SPDs' yePoint of Use, okumele
kufakwe ubude obuphansi bomqhubi we-10 wamamitha (ama-30 amamitha) kusuka ku-kagesi
iphaneli yesevisi ngaphandle kokuthi ihlolwe kuhlobo lwe-2 SPDs (okungukuthi, bathola igama elibizwa ngegama
Ukukhishwa kwamanje kwe-3 kA ubuncane). Ngokujwayelekile, lezi ziyi-cord-linked connection
ukuqoqa, ama-plug-in ku-SPDs, noma ama-SPD ohlobo lwe-receptacle efakwe kwimishini yokusebenzisa
ukuvikelwa (ie amakhompiyutha, imishini yokukopisha, njll).

Thayipha i-1, i-2, i-3 ye-Component Assembly SPDs (Ingxenye Eyaziwayo) - Lawa ma-SPD
okuhloswe ukuba ifakwe efrijini ibe yimishini yokusabalalisa kagesi noma ukusetshenziswa kokuphela
imishini. Lezi yizici ze-SPD eziqashwe ezihlolwe ukusetshenziswa ngohlobo lwe-1, i-2 noma i-3
Izinhlelo ze-SPD. Ama-SPD anjalo kufanele aphumelele ukuhluleka kokuphepha kagesi okufanayo
ukuhlolwa njengohlobo lwe-1, i-2 noma i-3 SPDs. Ngesikhathi lezi SPD ziyi-100% ehambisana nokuphepha
ukuhluleka kokuhlola kokungaboni, lezi zinhlobo ze-1, 2 kanye ne-3 yendikimba ye-SPDs
izimo zokwamukelwa ezifana neziteshi eziveziwe noma ukwakhiwa kwemishini
okudinga ukuthi bafakwe noma bahlale ngaphakathi komhlangano odweliswe ukuhlinzeka ukuvikelwa
kusuka ekuchasheni kwezinye izingxenye noma ezinye izidingo. Lezi zihlobo ze-1, i-2 noma i-3
Ama-SPD ahlangene akufanele adidaniswe ne-ANSI / UL 1449-2006 Uhlobo lwe-4 Ingxenye
Ama-Assemblies kanye nohlobo lwe-5 e-SPD engxenyeni edingekile
(mhlawumbe ukukhishwa kwama-disconnectors), ukuklama nokuhlolwa ukuze kusetshenziswe njengendlela yokuqhuma okuphelele
idivayisi yokuvikela.

Thayipha i-4 Yomhlangano Wendikimba Ye-SPD (IQembu Eliqashelwayo) - Lezi zakhi
imihlangano iqukethe ingxenye eyodwa noma ngaphezulu Izingxenye ze-5 SPD kanye ne-disconnector
(ebalulekile noma yangaphandle) noma indlela yokuhambisana nezivivinyo ezilinganiselwe zamanje ku-UL 1449,
Isigaba 39.4. Lezi zingqungquthela ezingaphelele ze-SPD, ezivame ukufakwa kuyo
kufakwe ohlwini lwemikhiqizo yokugcina ukusetshenziswa uma nje yonke imigomo yokwamukelwa ihlangene. Lezi zihlobo ze-4
imihlangano yezingxenye ayiphelele njenge-SPD, idinga ukuhlolwa okungaphezulu futhi ayikho
kuvunyelwe ukuba ifakwe ensimini njenge-SPD emele. Ngokuvamile, la madivayisi adinga
ukuvikeleka okungeziwe ngaphezulu.

Thayipha i-5 SPD (Ingxenye Eyaziwayo) - Amadivaysi okuvikelwa okukhipha ama-discrete,
ezifana nama-MOV angase afakwe ebhodini lokubhansela eliphrintiwe, elixhunywe yiziqondiso zalo noma
okuhlinzekwe ngaphakathi kwendawo enezintambo zokumisa kanye nokuqedwa kwe-wiring. Lawa Thayipha
Izingxenye ze-5 ze-SPD aziphelele njenge-SPD, zidinga ukuhlolwa okungaphezulu futhi azikho
kuvunyelwe ukuba ifakwe ensimini njenge-SPD emele. Thayipha i-5 SPDs ngokuvamile
izingxenye ezisetshenziswa ekwakhiweni nasekwakheni ama-SPD aphelele noma enye i-SPD
imihlangano.

Iyini i-UL Short Circuit Current Rating (SCCR)?i-prosurge2017-10-31T16:52:02+08:00

Iyini i-UL Short Circuit Current Rating (SCCR)?

SSCR-Isikhathi esifushane Isilinganiso samanje. Ukufaneleka kwe-SPD ukusetshenziselwa isifundazwe samandla kagesi esingakwazi ukuletha okungaphezu kwamanje ama-rms amemezelwe amamethrikhi emshini oshiwo ngesikhathi esimweni esifushane sesifunda. I-SCCR ayifani ne-AIC (Amp Ukuphazamisa Amandla). I-SCCR yinani lamanje "elitholakalayo" ukuthi i-SPD ingaxhomeke futhi ixhumeke ngokuphepha emthonjeni wamandla ngaphansi kwezimo ezijikelezayo. Inani lamanje "eliphazanyiswa" yi-SPD ngokuvamile liphansi kakhulu kunamanje "etholakalayo".

I-UL 1449 ne-National Electric Code (NEC) idinga ukuthi i-SCCR (i-Short Circuit Current Rating) ibhalwe kuwo wonke amadivaysi e-SPD. Akuyona isilinganiso sokungena, kodwa okwamanje okungavumelekile okwamanje i-SPD ingaphazamiseka uma kwenzeka ukwehluleka. I-NEC / UL inesidingo sokuthi i-SPD ihlolwe futhi ibhalwe nge-SCCR elingana, noma enkulu kunaleyo iphutha elitholakalayo ngaleso sikhathi ohlelweni.

Yini ebalulekile uma ucacisa i-SPD?i-prosurge2017-10-31T16:31:39+08:00

Yini ebalulekile uma ucacisa i-SPD?

Uma ucacisa i-SPD, faka incazelo ecacile, ecacile echaza ukusebenza okudingekayo kanye nezici zokuklama. Imininingwane encane kufanele ihlanganise:

• Isilinganiso sokuphakama kwe-UL

• Isilinganiso sokususa

• Isilinganiso sesifunda esifushane

• I-Peak iphakamisa imodi yamanje yamanje (LN, LG, ne-NG)

• ukushisa nokucushwa kwenkonzo kagesi

Iyini idivayisi yokuvikela i-Surge Protective noma i-Surge Arrestor (SPD)?i-prosurge2017-10-31T16:30:05+08:00

Iyini idivayisi yokuvikela i-Surge Protective noma i-Surge Arrestor (SPD)?

I-SPD iyisidingo esenzelwe ukunciphisa amandla okugaya emishini kagesi. Kwenza lokhu ngokuphazamisa noma ukunciphisa ukuqhubeka kwamanje. I-SPD ifinyelelwe ngokufana nemishini ehloselwe ukuyivikela. Uma nje umthamo wokuvuthwa udlula ukulinganisa okuklanyelwe wona "uqala ukuphoqa" futhi uqala ukuqhuba amandla ngqo ohlelweni lokusekela ugesi. I-SPD inokumelana okuphansi kakhulu ngalesi sikhathi futhi "kufushane" amandla okuya phansi. Uma ukuphakama sekuphezu kwalo "kuvuleka" phezulu, ngakho-ke akusho ukuthi kuqhume iziphuthumayo zesifunda.