Zvimwe zvinodzivirira zvipfeko (SPDs) zvinodiwa kuti zviongorwe pasi pemhepo dzisina simba dzinoshandiswa kunyanya nema waveforms a 8 / 20 ms uye 10 / 350 ms. Zvisinei, nekuvandudzika kwezvinhu zveSDD, kushanda uye kumira kukwanisa kweSSPs pasi pemaitiro akadaro emuedzo unodikanwa kutsvaga tsvakurudzo yakawanda. Kuti uongorore uye uenzanise nekumira kwemaikirwo eSPDs pasi pe8 / 20 ms uye 10 / 350 ms mhepo inoputika, miedzo inowanikwa pamhando mitatu yemidziyo-metal-oxide varistors (MOVs) inoshandiswa kukirasi I SPDs. Zvigumisiro zvinoratidza kuti maMoV ane marefu emagetsi anowedzera zviri nani kumisa pasi pe8 / 20ms mafungiro emhepo ikozvino, asi kupedzisa pasi pe10 / 350ms kufungidzira ikozvino kwakatarisana. Pasi pa 10 / 350 ms wamangwana, kusakona kweM MOV kwakabatana nehuwandu hwemagetsi eunikirini yevhesi pasi pekutsvaga kumwe. Kupera ndiyo iyo mafomu makuru ekuparara pasi pe10 / 350ms ikozvino, iyo inogona kutsanangurwa seimwe rutivi rweMAPV plastiki encapsulation uye peji ye electrode iri kubvisa. Ablation yeZnO nyaya, yakakonzerwa neflashover pakati pe electrode sheet neZnO surface, yakaonekwa pedyo neElectrode MOV.
Zvimwe zvinodzivirira maitiro (SPDs) zvakabatanidzwa nemagetsi ekugadzirisa masimba, telecommunication uye zviratidzo zvemashoko zvinodiwa kuongororwa pasi pezvinodiwa neIEC neIEEE mitemo [1-5]. Tichifunga nezvenzvimbo uye zvinogona kumira ikozvino zvinogona kutambura, zvakadaro SPDs dzinodiwa kuongororwa pamusana pemafungiro ekudzivirira mafungiro kunyanya nema waveforms a 8 / 20 ms uye 10 / 350 ms [4-6]. Ikozvino mafambiro e8 / 20 ms anowanzoshandiswa kuratidzira mhepo inopisa [6-8]. Izvo zita rinoshandiswa ikozvino (In) uye yakanyanya kubudiswa ikozvino (Imax) yeSPDs dzose dzinotsanangurwa ne 8 / 20 ms kusangana kwezvinoitika [4-5]. Uyezve, iyo 8 / 20 ms inoshandiswa ikozvino inoshandiswa zvakanyanya kune SPD yakasara magetsi uye kushanda kwemabasa [4]. 10 / 350ms kushushikana ikozvino inowanzoshandiswa kuratidzira mheni yakananga kudzoka kumira ikozvino [7-10]. Iyi waveform inosangana nemiganhu yekudzima kwemazuva ano kwechikwata cheS class I SPD, iyo inonyanya kushandiswa pakuwedzera kwebasa rekuongorora kwekirasi I SPDs [4]. Munguva yerudzi rwekuongorora [4-5], nhamba yakatarwa yemhepo inoputika inofanirwa kushandisa kune SPDs. Semuenzaniso, gumi nemashanu 8 / 20 ms currents uye mashanu 10 / 350 ms mhepo inoputika inofanirwa kuongorora basa rekirasi I SPDs [4]. Zvisinei, nekuvandudzika kwezvinhu zveSDD, kushanda uye kumira kukwanisa kweSSPs pasi pemaitiro akadaro emuedzo unodikanwa kutsvaga tsvakurudzo yakawanda. Ongororo dzakawanda dzinowanzowanzoiswa paMoV kushandiswa pasi pe8 / 20 ms mushure mokufungidzira [11-14], nepo kubudirira kunoitwa zvakare 10 / 350 ms kusanganisa ikozvino hakuna kuongororwa zvakakwana. Uyezve, kirasi I SPDs, yakaiswa panzvimbo dzekudzivirira kwepamusoro muzvivako uye kuparadzanisa zvirongwa, zvinowanzoshungurudzwa nemagetsi [15-16]. Nokudaro, kushanda uye kumira kukwanisa kwekirasi I SPDs pasi pe8 / 20 ms uye 10 / 350 ms mhepo dzinopisa dzinodiwa kuti dziongorwe. Iyi pepa inoongorora zvichitarisa kukwanisa kweklasi I SPDs pasi peC8 / 20 ms uye 10 / 350 ms mavhiri emhepo. Mitatu mitatu yemafaira eVMV anoshandiswa kukirasi I SPDs inogamuchirwa kuti iongororwe. Ikozvino maglita uye nhamba yemafungiro zvinogadziriswa kuongororwa kakawanda. Kuenzanisa kunoitwa paanomiririra kukwanisa kweMMV pasi pemhando mbiri dzemhepo dzinoputika. Nzira yekukundikana yemashamba eMov akakundikana mushure mekuedzwa kunoongorora zvakare.
Mitatu mitatu yemafaira eVMV anoshandiswa kukirasi I SPDs inogamuchirwa mune zvidzidzo. Pamhando dzose dzeMVV, sarumini ye 12 yakaitwa ne EPCOS inogamuchirwa pasi pemhando ina dzekuedza. Zviratidzo zvadzo zvinoratidzwa muTATHEI I, apo Inomiririra mazita ekudzima kwemaMMS pasi peC8 / 20μs kusanganisa, Imax inomirira kusunungurwa kwemazuva ano pasi peC8 / 20μs kusvitsa, Iimp inomirira kusunungurwa kwemazuva ano pasi peC10 / 350μs, UDC1mA inomirira iyo MOV magetsi yakaenzana pasi pe1 mA DC ino, Ur inomiririra MOV rekutsvaira pasi pasi.
Mufananidzo 1 inoratidza mhepo inogadziriswa yero generator iyo inogona kugadziriswa kubudiswa 10 / 350 ms uye 8 / 20 ms mamiriro ezvinhu epanguva ino. Peilon peiloni inogamuchirwa kuti ienzanise mhepo inoputika paMVV yakaedzwa. Izvo zvinokonzera kuparadzanisa pamwe nehuwandu hwe14.52 inoshandiswa kuyera kusara kwekuvhara. Iko digital oscilloscope yeTEK DPO3014 inogamuchirwa kuti inyore maitiro ekuenzanisa.
Maererano nehutachiona hweSSPD [4], amplitudes yakagadzirirwa 8 / 20 ms current inosanganisira 30kA (0.75Imax) uye 40kA (Imax). The amplitudes yakagadzirirwa 10 / 350 ms current inosanganisira 0.75Iimp uye Iimp. Kutaura nezvekushanda kwebasa reMVV [4], gumi nemashanu 8 / 20ms mafungiro anoshandiswa pamashamba eM MOV, uye nguva iri pakati pemafungiro ndeye 60 s. Nokudaro, flowchart yenzira yekuedza inoratidzwa mumufananidzo. 2.
Nzira yekuedza inogona kurondedzerwa se:
(1) Zviratidzo zvekutanga: Mienzaniso yeMoV inozivikanwa neUDC1mA, Ur, uye mifananidzo pakutanga kwekuedza.
(2) Shandisa mafungiro gumi nematanhatu: Ruramisa mhepo inogadzirisa iyo ikozvino jenereta kuti ibudise zvinodiwa zvinodiwa zvemazuva ano. Mafungiro gumi nemashanu uye nguva ye60 s inoshandiswa pamuenzaniso weMov uchibudirira.
(3) Ratidza maonero emafungidziro emafuta emhepo yeM MOV uye kuvhara shure kwekushandiswa kwega kwega.
(4) Kuonekwa kunoonekwa uye zviyero shure kwekuedzwa. Tarisa nzvimbo yeMoV yekutengesa kana kufara. Edzai UDC1mA neUre mushure mekuedzwa. Tora mifananidzo yeMAMV yakaipisisa mushure mekuedzwa. Nzira yekuongorora iyo, maererano neIEC 61643-11 [4], inoda kuti zvose magetsi uye zvinyorwa zvemazuva ano, pamwe nekuonekwa kunoonekwa, zvisati zvichiratidze kuti zvinoratidza kuvhara kana kuputika kwema sampuli. Mukuwedzera, IEEE Std. C62.62 [5] yakaratidza kuti nzvimbo inotevera yakakosheswa Uri (MOV yakasara kuvhara paIri) haifaniri kupfuurira kupfuura 10% kubva kune yakatanga kufanirwa Uri. The Std. IEC 60099-4 [17] inodawo kuti UDC1mA isasapfuurire kupfuura 5% mushure mekuedzwa kwepfungwa.
- Izvo zvinomira zvinokwanisa pasi pe 8 / 20 ms tsvangirai ikozvino
Muchikamu chino, 8 / 20 ms mhepo inoputika ne amplitudes ye0.75Imax neImax inoshandiswa pamashizha eSDD maererano. Iko kuchinja kwehuwandu kwemashure ekupedzisira yakaenzaniswa UDC1mA uye Ur inotsanangurwa se:
uko, Ucr anomiririra kuchinja kwehuwandu hwehutsika hunotarisirwa. Uat inomiririra kukosha kwakaenzana mushure mekuedzwa. Ubt inomiririra kukosha kwakatarwa musati maedzwa.
3.1 Zvigumisiro pasi pe 8 / 20 ms mupfungwa inoyevedza nepamusoro pe 0.75Imax
Muongorori wemigumisiro yemitatu mitatu yeMovs pasi pe gumi nemashanu 8 / 20 ms mhepo inoputika nepamusoro we 0.75Imax (30 kA) inoratidzwa muTHEBHABHI II. Chigumisiro chemarudzi ose e MOV chikamu chetatu sampuli imwe chete.
TABLE 2
Zvigumisiro pasi pe8 / 20 ms mhepo inoputika ne 30 kA peak
Inogona kuonekwa kubva kuTABLEII kuti pashure pe gumi nemashanu 8 / 20 ms impulses yakashandiswa paMoVs, kuchinja kweUDC1mA neUri vashoma. Iyo "Pfu" yekuona zvinonyatsoonekwa hakurevi kukuvadza kunooneka paMVV dzakaedzwa. Uyezve, inogona kuonekwa kuti nekuwedzera kweMMV kunogadzirisa magetsi, iyo Ucr inowedzera. Zvakadai saIcr ndiyo duku pane V460 mtundu MOV. Inogona kugumiswa kuti iyo mitatu yeMoVs inogona kupfuudza gumi nemashanu 8 / 20 ms mupfungwa ne 30 kA peak.
3.2 Zvigumisiro pasi peC8 / 20 ms mupfungwa yakakwana nepamusoro weImax
Tichifunga nezvekutsvaga kuwanikwa pamusoro apa, ukuru hwe8 / 20 ms current inowedzerwa kusvika 40 kA (Imax). Mukuwedzera, nhamba yemafungiro yakawedzerwa kusvika makumi maviri yeV460 aina MOV. Mitsva yekuedza inoratidzwa muTABLE III. Kuti uenzanise kushandiswa kwesimba mumatatu matatu emaMovs, Ea / V inoshandiswa kureva simba rakagadziridzwa pamusi wevhesi yevhesi yevhareji yemasere gumi nemashanu kana makumi maviri. Pano, "chiyero" inofungidzirwa nokuti kushandiswa kwesimba muMoVs zvakasiyana zvakasiyana nepfungwa imwe neimwe.
TABLEI III
Zvigumisiro pasi pe8 / 20 ms mhepo inoputika ne 40 kA peak
Iyo inogona kuonekwa kubva paTABLE III kuti kana ikozvino yakakura yakawedzerwa kusvika ku40 kA, iyo Ucr yeUDC1mA inopararira kupfuura 5% yeV230 neV275, kunyange kuchinja kweMMV kusara kwemhepo kuchiri mukati mehutano hwakanaka hwe10%. Kuonekwa kunoonekwa kunoratidzawo kwete kukuvadza kunooneka paMVV dzakaedzwa. ForV230 uye V275 rudzi rweMMVs, iyo Ea / V inoreva simba rakashandiswa pamubhadharo wevheji uye nemavhareji gumi nemashanu. The Ea / V yeV460 inomiririra simba rinoshandiswa pamubhadharo wevheji uye nemavhareji makumi maviri. CHITATU III chinoratidza kuti maMoV ane simba rakakura remhepo (V460) vane Ama / V makuru kune maMoVs ane simba rekudzivirira mhepo (V275 neV230). Uyezve, nemafungiro emvura anowanzoshandiswa paV460, iyo inowedzera simba rimwechete (E / V) inowedzera zvishoma nezvishoma, sezvinoratidzwa muMufananidzo 3.
Nokudaro, zvinogona kugumiswa kuti V230 neV275 mhando dzeMVV hadzigoni kumira gumi nemashanu 8 / 20ms mhirizhonga yezvino nepamusoro weImax, nepo V460 rudzi rweMVV rungakwanisa kumira zvakanyanya kushandiswa kwezvino kusvika ku20 mafungiro. Izvi zvinoreva kuti maMoV ane marefu emagetsi anowedzera zviri nani kumisa pasi pasi pe8 / 20ms mafungiro ezvino.
4. Izvo zvinomira zvinogona kuitika pasi pe10 / 350 ms kusanganisa ikozvino
Muchikamu chino, 10 / 350 ms mhepo inoputika ne amplitudes ye0.75Iimp uye Iimp inoshandiswa pamashizha eSDD maererano.
4.1 Zvigumisiro pasi peC10 / 350 ms mupfungwa yakasimba nepamusoro we 0.75Iimp
Sezvo Iimp yezvinhu zvitatu zveMMVs zvakasiyana, 10 / 350 ms currents nehukuru hwe4875A inoshandiswa paV230 uye V275, uye mafungiro ane ukuru hwe4500 A anoshandiswa paV460. Mushure mokushandisa mavhiri gumi nemashanu ekudengenyeka, kuchinja kweUDC1mAndiUri paMVV yakaongororwa kunoratidzwa mune TABLE IV. I ΣE / V inoreva kushevedza kweE / V kwezvinoshandiswa.
Inogona kuonekwa kubva paTABHI IV iyo mushure mekushandisa gumi nemashanu 10 / 350 ms currents nepamusoro we 0.75Iimp, V230 inogona kupedza muedzo, asi shanduko yeUDC1mA yeV275 inopararira kupfuura 5%. Kuvhara nekunyanya kuduku kwakaonekwa zvakare pamapurasitiki epinculation yeV275. Mifananidzo yeV275 ine kuputika kwechidiki inoratidzwa muMufananidzo 4.
Pamusoro peV460 mhando MOV, mushure mechisere yechina 10 / 350 ms mupfungwa nepamusoro we 4500A inoshandiswa, iyo MOV yakashungurudzwa uye iyo yakaenzana nemagetsi uye mafomu emafungiro anhasi haasina. Kana uchienzanisa, iyo yakaenzana nemagetsi uye mafomu emazuva ano pasi pechinomwe uye yechisere 10 / 350 ms pfuti yeV460 inoratidzwa mumufananidzo 5.
Fig. 5. Iyo yakaenzana nemagetsi uye mafomu emasikirini emazuva ano paV460 pasi peC10 / 350 ms
Kune V230 uye V275, ΣE / V ndiyo inonzi summation ye E / V ye gumi nemashanu. Kune V460, ΣE / V ndiyo inonzi summation ye E / V yemashoko masere. Inogona kuonekwa kuti kunyange zvazvo Ea / V yeV460 yakakwirira kupfuura yeV230 neV275, yose ΣE / Vof V460 ndiyo yakaderera. Zvisinei, V460 yakaona kuipa kwakanyanya. Izvi zvinoreva kuti pamubatanidzwa weWMV, kusagadzikana kweMMV pasi peC10 / 350 ms current haisi kuenderana nehuwandu hwemhepo yakatora (Σ E / V), asi inogona kunge iine hukama hwakawedzerwa nesimba rinoshandiswa pasi pesimba rimwechete (Ea / V ). Zvinogona kugumiswa kuti pasi peC10 / 350 ms isinganzwisisiki ikozvino, V230 inogona kumira zvakanyanya kupfuura zvinonzi V460 type MOVs. Izvi zvinoreva kuti maMoV ane mabhanho ekudzivirira emhepo ari nani kumira kukwanisa pasi pe10 / 350 ms current, iyo inopesana nemhedziso iri pasi pe 8 / 20 ms inofungidzira ikozvino.
4.2 Zvigumisiro pasi pe 10 / 350 ms mupfungwa inoyevedza nepamusoro peIimp
Apo hukuru hwe 10 / 350 ms wamanje huwedzerwa kusvika kuIimp, maMVV ose akaedzwa haagoni kupfuudza mafungiro gumi nemashanu. Zvigumisiro pasi peC10 / 350 ms masvosve emagetsi nemakiromita eIimp anoratidzwa muTABLE V, apo "Kurwisa nhamba yekushushikana" zvinoreva chiyero chekufungidzira icho MOV inogona kumira asati yapera.
Inogona kuonekwa kubva paTABLE V kuti V230 ne Ea / V ye122.09 J / cm3 inogona kumira huri nane 10 / 350 ms impulses apo V460with Ea / V ye161.09 J / cm3 inogona kungopfuudza mafungiro matatu, kunyange zvazvo nhamba yepamusoro yakagamuchirwa V230 (6500 A) yakakwirira kudarika iyo yeV460 (6000 A). Izvi zvinogumisa mhedziso yokuti maMoV ane marefu emagetsi anoputika nyore nyore pasi pe10 / 350 ms current. Izvi zvinogona kutsanangurwa se: makuru makuru akatakurwa na 10 / 350 ms current achabatanidzwa mumaraji. Pamakwikwi ane marefu emagetsi pasi pe10 / 350 ms current, simba rakawanda richawedzerwa mumubatanidzwa weMMV kupfuura yeMMVs ine simba rekudzivirira magetsi, uye kuwedzerwa kwemhepo kunokonzera kutadza kweMoV. Zvisinei, kukanganisa kushandiswa pasi pe 8 / 20 ms current inoda kuongorora zvakare.
Kutarisa kunoonekwa kunoratidza kuti iyo iyo fomu yekukuvara inowanikwa pamhando mitatu yeMoVs pasi pe10 / 350 ms current. Rimwe rutivi rweMov plastiki encapsulation uye rectangular electrode sheet rinobvisa. Kuburitsa kweZnO zvinhu zvakaonekwa pedyo neshizha re electrode, rinokonzerwa neflashover pakati peMOV electrode uye ZnO pamusoro. Mifananidzo yeV230 yakakonzerwa inoratidzwa mumufananidzo. 6.
5. Mhedziso
SPDs inofanirwa kuongororwa pamusana pemafungiro ekudengenyeka kwemhepo zvikuru zvikuru ne waveforms ya 8 / 20 ms uye 10 / 350 ms. Kuti uongorore uye uenzanise kumira kwemaitiro eSPDs pasi peC8 / 20 ms uye 10 / 350 ms mhepo inoputika, kuongororwa kwakawanda kunoitwa nekukura kwemazuva ano kwe 8 / 20 ms (Imax) uye 10 / 350 ms (Iimp) waveform , pamwe ne amplitudes ye0.75Imax uye 0.75Iimp. Mitatu mitatu yemafaira eVMV anoshandiswa kukirasi I SPDs inogamuchirwa kuti iongororwe. Zvimwe zvirevo zvinogona kutorwa.
(1) IMoVs ine simba rekudzivirira magetsi iri nani kumira kukwanisa pasi peC8 / 20ms mafungiro ezvino. IV230 neV275 mhando dzeMVV hadzigoni kumira gumi nemashanu 8 / 20ms mafungiro nepamusoro weImax, nepo V460 aina MOV inogona kudarika mafungiro makumi maviri.
(2) IMoVs ine simba rekudzivirira mhepo yakanakira kumira pasi pasi pe10 / 350 ms current. V230 rudzi rweMVV rungagona kumirira masere e10 / 350 ms mutezo wepamusoro weIimp, apo V460 inogona kungopfuudza mafungiro matatu.
(3) Tichifunga nezvehutumbi hweMMV pasi peC10 / 350 ms wamangwana, simba rakavharwa pasi pesimba rimwe chete rinogona kunge rakabatana nekunonoka kweMMV, panzvimbo pekuputika kwesimba rakashandiswa pasi pemafungiro ose akashandiswa.
(4) Chimiro chakafanana chinokanganisa chinowanikwa pamhando mitatu yeMovs pasi pe10 / 350 ms currents. Rimwe rutivi rweMov plastiki encapsulation uye rectangular electrode sheet rinobvisa. Ablation yeZnO zvinhu, zvinokonzerwa neflashover pakati pe electrode sheet neZnO surface, yakaonekwa pedyo neElectrode MOV.