Ukuphenywa kokuhlolwa kwekhono lokumelana kwama-Class I SPDs ngaphansi kwe-10 / 350μs kanye ne-8 / 20μs Izimpikiswano Zomphumela
Amadivaysi okuzivikela aphezulu (SPDs) adingeka ukuthi ahlolwe ngaphansi kwemifudlana yokungena emfuthweni ngokuyinhloko namafomu omhlaba we-8 / 20 ms no-10 / 350 ms. Kodwa-ke, ngokuthuthukiswa kwemikhiqizo ye-SPD, ukusebenza nokulwa nokukwazi ama-SPD ngaphansi kwalezi zivivinyo zokuhlolwa ezijwayelekile kudinga uphenyo oluningi. Ukuze uphenye futhi uqhathanise ikhono lokumelana lama-SPD ngaphansi kwe-8 / 20 ms kanye ne-10 / 350 ms currents impulse, ukuhlolwa kwenziwa ngezinhlobo ezintathu ze-metal-oxide varistors (MOVs) ejwayelekile ezisetshenziselwa ama-SPDs ekilasini. Imiphumela ibonisa ukuthi ama-MOV anamandla amkhawulo aphakeme angcono ukumelana nokukwazi ukubhekana nokusebenza kwe-8 / 20ms yamanje, ngenkathi isiphetho ngaphansi kwe-10 / 350ms yokufaka umfutho wamanje kufinyelela. Ngaphansi kwe-10 / 350 ms wamanje, ukuhluleka kwe-MOV kuhlobene nomthamo we-unit ngayinye ngokwemibono eyodwa. Ukuphahla kuyindlela enkulu yokulimala ngaphansi kwe-10 / 350ms yamanje, engachazwa njengecala elilodwa le-encapsulation ye-MOV eplastiki futhi ishidi le-electrode likhishwa. Ukukhishwa kwezinto ZnO, okubangelwa i-flashover emkhatsini we-electrode sheet kanye ne-ZnO surface, kubonakala eduze kwe-electrode ye-MOV.
Amadivayisi okuvikela i-Surge (SPDs) axhumeke kugesi yamandla we-lowvoltage, ukuxhumana ngezingcingo kanye nezinethiwekhi zesignali kudingeka ukuthi kuhlolwe ngaphansi kwezidingo ze-IEC ne-IEEE […]
Isingeniso ku-Lightning Protection Zone (LPZ)
I-Lightning Protection Zone (LPZ)
Ezingeni le-IEC, amagama afana nohlobo lwe-1 / 2 / 3 noma i-class 1 / 2 / 3 yokukhusela idivayisi yokuzivikela ithandwa kakhulu. Kulesi sihloko, sizokwethula umqondo ohlobene kakhulu nemibandela yangaphambilini: indawo yokuvikela umbane noma i-LPZ.
Iyini indawo yokuvikela izibani futhi kungani kubalulekile?
Umqondo wokuvikelwa kombani usungulwe futhi uchazwe kumazinga we-IEC 62305-4 okuyisikhundla samazwe onke sokuvikela umbani. Umqondo we-LPZ ususelwa emcabangweni wokunciphisa kancane kancane amandla ombani afinyelele ezingeni eliphephile ukuze kungadala umonakalo kudivayisi ebulalayo.
Ake sibheke umfanekiso oyisisekelo.
Ngakho-ke kusho ukuthini indawo ehlukile yokuvikela umbane?
I-LPZ 0A: Kuyi-zone engavikelekile ngaphandle kwesakhiwo futhi kuvezwe ukuthi kuqondwe isiteleka sombani. Ku-LPZ 0A, akukho ukuvikela ekuphazanyisweni kwe-electromagnetic pulses LEMP (Lightning Electromagnetic Pulse).
I-LPZ 0B: NjengoLPZ 0A, iphinde ingaphandle kwesakhiwo okwamanje i-LPZ 0B ivikelwe uhlelo lwangaphandle lokuvikela umbane, evame ngaphakathi endaweni yokuvikelwa yenduku yombani. Futhi, akukho ukuvikela ngokumelene ne-LEMP.
I-LPZ 1: Kukuwe ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo. Kulesi sikhathi, […]
Idivayisi Yokuvikela E-Back-Up ye-SPD - I-Circuit Breaker & Fuse
Njengombana siyazi, idivayisi yokuzivikela iragela phambili iyakwehlisa noma ifike ekupheleni kwempilo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ngenxa yezintambo ezincane eziphindaphindiwe, ukuqhutshwa okunamandla okuqinile noma ukuqhubekela phambili okuqhubekayo. Futhi uma idivaysi yokuzivikela yokuphepha ihluleka, ingase idale isimo sesifunda esifushane futhi ibangele inkinga yokuphepha ohlelweni lwamandla. Ngakho-ke idivayisi efanele yokuvikelwa kwe-overcurrent iyadingeka ukuze isebenze ndawonye nedivayisi yokuvikela.
Kuvame ukuba nezinhlobo ezimbili zedivaysi yokuvikelwa kwe-overcurrent esetshenziselwa kanye ne-SPD ekuvikeleni isipele: i-circuit breaker ne-fuse. Ngakho-ke, yiziphi izinzuzo zabo ne-Cons ngokulandelanayo?
I-circuit breaker
Izinzuzo
- Ungasetshenziswa ngokuphindaphindiwe futhi ngaleyo ndlela unciphise izindleko zokugcina.
Okumbi
- Iba ne-voltage eyehla kakhulu lapho ubhekene ne-surge yamanje ngakho-ke izokwehlisa izinga lokuvikela le-SPD
Fuse
Izinzuzo
- Okuncane kakhulu kokungasebenzi kahle
- I-voltage engezansi ilahla okwamanje
- Umkhiqizo ngokwawo ubiza izindleko ezisebenzayo ikakhulukazi esimeni esifushane sesimo samanje samanje
Okumbi
- Ngemuva kokuthi isebenze, i-fuse kufanele ishintshwe futhi ngaleyo ndlela yande izindleko zesondlo
Ngakho-ke ekusebenzeni, kokubili amadivaysi asetshenziswa kuye ngokuthi isimo esithile.
Umthelela wobude bekhamera kuNombolo yokuVikela yeDivaysi yokuVikela
Umthelela wobude bekhamera kuNombolo yokuVikela yeDivaysi yokuVikela
Isihloko sokufakwa kwe-SPD akukhulunywa ngokungajwayelekile ezinkulumweni zethu. Kunezizathu ezimbili:
- Ukufakwa kwensimbi yokuvikela yokuhlinzwa kumele kuqhutshwe ngugesi ofanelekayo. Asifuni ukudukisa ukuthi lokhu kufanele kwenziwe ngabasebenzisi. Futhi uma i-SPD inentambo engalungile, ingadala ingozi.
- Kunamavidiyo amaningi ku-Youtube abonisa indlela yokufaka idivayisi yokuzivikela yokukhuphuka. Kuyinto elula futhi eqondile kunokufunda imiyalelo yombhalo.
Noma kunjalo, sibona iphutha elivamile kakhulu ekufakweni kwe-SPD, ngisho nokwenziwa kochwepheshe. Ngakho-ke kule ngqungquthela, sizoxoxa ngeseluleko esibaluleke kakhulu ekufakeni idivayisi yokuvikela ukuqhuma: ukugcina ikhebula libe mfushane ngangokunokwenzeka.
Kungani ubude bekhebula bubalulekile?
Ungazibuza lo mbuzo. Futhi kwesinye isikhathi sibuzwa amakhasimende ukuthi kungani ungenzi ubude bekhebula le-SPD libe lide? Uma wenza ubude bekhebula bubekhona, lapho-ke ngingafaka i-SPD kude kakhulu nephaneli yesekethe. Yebo, lokho okuphambene nanoma yimuphi umenzi we-SPD afuna ukwenze.
Lapha sethula ipharamitha: i-VPR (Voltage […]
Isicelo se-SPD ezindaweni eziphakeme eziphakeme
Isicelo se-SPD ezindaweni eziphakeme eziphakeme
Njengomdlali wamazwe omhlaba ekuvikelweni kokuphakama okufakiwe, i-Prosurge inamakhasimende amaningi kakhulu emhlabeni jikelele. Isibonelo, sinamakhasimende amaningi eNingizimu Melika lapho edume khona kakhulu ngamapulangwe ayo. Ngezinye izikhathi, sinawo amakhasimende asibuze: Sidinga ukufaka idivaysi yokuvikelwa kokuya endaweni endaweni yokuphakama ngaphezulu kwe-2000m, ingabe izothinta ukusebenza kwe-SPD?
Lona ngumbuzo owusizo kakhulu. Futhi kulesi sihloko, sizoxoxa ngalesi sihloko. Sizoveza imibono ethile evela kubachwepheshe abahlukahlukene kodwa ngomusa siqaphele ukuthi le ndawo isadingeka ihlolwe kabanzi futhi ngaleyo ndlela ulwazi esilinikezayo lusebenza nje kuphela.
Yini ekhethekile mayelana ne-High Altitude?
Udaba lokuvikelwa kokuhlinzwa / ukuvikelwa kombani ezindaweni eziphakeme kakhulu bekulokhu luyisihloko esisebenzayo. Ku-ILPS 2018 (i-International Lightning Protection Symposium), ochwepheshe bezokuvikela abahlinzayo nabo baba nengxoxo ngalesi sihloko. Manje yini ekhethekile ngendawo ephakeme yendawo?
Okokuqala, ake sibheke izici zezimo zezulu eziphakeme zezindawo eziphakeme eziphakeme:
- lokushisa okuphansi kanye noshintsho olukhulu;
- umfutho womoya ophansi noma […]
Ukuvikelwa Kwendlu Yonke - Kungani Futhi Kanjani
Ukuvikelwa kweNdlu Yonke Indawo Yokuvikelwa / Ukuvikelwa Kwasekhaya Kwasekhaya
Namuhla, umqondo wokuvikelwa kokuhlaselwa kwendlu yonke noma ukuvikelwa kokuhlaselwa kwasekhaya wonke uya ngokuya uthandwa. Esinye sezizathu ezibalulekile ukuthi namuhla kunamadivayisi amaningi we-elekthroniki abiza kakhulu kepha asengozini enkulu yokushiswa kwamandla kagesi. Kulinganiselwa ukuthi indlu esezingeni eliphakathi inemikhiqizo engaphezulu kuka-USD 15000 kagesi nekagesi engavikelekile kuma-surges. Ukuhlaselwa okujwayelekile kungahle kushiye wonke amadivaysi kagesi nakagesi ekhubazekile futhi yilokho ongafuni ukuba nakho.
Ngakho-ke kulesi sihloko, sizoxoxa ngale ndaba: ukuvikelwa kokuhlala endlini yonke.
Kungani sidinga ukuvikelwa kwezindlu ngokugcwele?
Ukuphakama kuyingozi kakhulu evamile kumishini yasendlini. Uma uhlala endaweni enezikhathi eziningi zemibani, kungenzeka ukuthi usuvele uhlupheka ngenxa yemonakalo. Nanka izindaba ezivela eziswini ezimbili. Ingabe kuzwakale kufana nawe?
Julayi 2016 Sithole ukuhlinzwa kukagesi ngesonto eledlule. I-oveni yethu (ibhodi le-elekthronikhi liphele). Umsindo wethu osondelene nawo uvele futhi, kanye nesamukeli sethu se-Dish. Abashintshi bezingcingo, […]
Izinganekwane Zokuzikhandla Lapho Kukhethwa Idivayisi Yokuvikelwa Okumnyama
Sonke siyazi ukuthi akulula kakhulu ukukhetha idivayisi efanele yokuvikela ukuqhuma. Ipharamitha yedivayisi yokuzivikela yokudlula ayifani nepharamitha ye-smartphone ecacile futhi elula ukuyiqonda kubantu abaningi. Kuningi ukungaqondani uma ukhetha i-SPD.
Kokunye ukungaqondi kahle ukuthi inani elikhulu kakhulu lamanje (elilinganiswa ku-kA ngesigaba ngasinye), okungcono i-SPD. Kepha okokuqala, ake wethule ukuthi sisho ukuthini ngokuhlukumeza umthamo wamanje. I-Surge yamanje ngesigaba ngasinye yisilinganiso esiphezulu sokuhlinzwa samanje esingavinjelwa (ngesigaba ngasinye sedivaysi) ngaphandle kokwehluleka futhi kususelwa ku-IEEE standard 8 × 20 microsecond test waveform. Ukwenza isibonelo, lapho sikhuluma nge-100kA SPD noma i-200kA SPD. Sibhekisa kumandla alo asanda kufinyelela manje.
Umthamo wamanje we-Surge ungenye yamapharamitha abaluleke kakhulu we-SPD. Inikeza indinganiso yokuqhathanisa insiza yokuvikela yokuhlinzwa ehlukile. Futhi abakhiqizi be-SPD bayadingeka ukuba babhale uhlu lwamanje lwama-SPD abo. Futhi yekhasimende, bayaqonda futhi ukuthi i-SPD efakwe ekungeneni kwensiza kufanele ibe nesilinganiso esiphakeme kakhulu sokuqhathanisa […]
Ukuhlukaniswa kwamadivaysi okuvikelwa kokuqapha
Izigaba zokuLawulwa kweziDivayisi zokuVikela
Esihlokweni esandulele, safaka esinye sezigaba zokuzivikela kokuvikela, okungukuthi, ngohlobo noma ekilasini. Thayipha i-1 / 2 / 3 isigaba esivamile kakhulu se-SPD noma sezingeni elijwayelekile le-UL noma i-IEC. Ungabuyekeza lesi sihloko ngalesi sixhumanisi:
Futhi kule ngqungquthela, sizokhuluma kabanzi ngezinye izigaba ezingafakwa esithombeni esingenhla.
I-AC SPD & DC / PV SPD
Ngokusobala, i-AC SPD ivame kakhulu kune-DC SPD njengoba sonke sihlala emphakathini lapho imikhiqizo eminingi kagesi inikwa amandla yi-AC yamanje yokubonga uThomas Edison. Mhlawumbe yingakho i-IEC 61643-11 ejwayelekile isebenza kuphela kumshini wokuzivikela ohlinzayo we-AC isikhathi eside akukho zilinganiselo ze-IEC ezisebenzayo zokuvikela ukuhlinzwa kwe-DC. I-DC SPD idumile njengokukhuphuka komkhakha wamandla elanga futhi abantu babona ukuthi ukufakwa kwe-PV kuyisisulu esivamile sokukhanya kombani njengoba kuvame ukutholakala endaweni evulekile noma ophahleni lwophahla. Ngakho-ke isidingo semishini yokuvikela ukuhlinzwa kohlelo lokusebenza lwe-PV sikhula ngokushesha eminyakeni eyi-10 eyedlule. Umkhakha we-PV uvame kakhulu […]
I-Device Protection Device: Isingeniso Esiyinkimbinkimbi Kunazo Zonke
I-Device Protection Device
Idivayisi yokuvikela i-Surge (noma ifushanisiwe njenge-SPD) ayisiwona umkhiqizo owaziwa ngumphakathi. Umphakathi uyazi ukuthi ikhwalithi yamandla iyinkinga enkulu emphakathini wethu lapho kusetshenziswa kakhulu ama-elekthronikhi noma izinto ezibucayi zikagesi. Bayazi nge-UPS ezinganikeza ukuhanjiswa kwamandla okungaphazamiseki. Bayayazi i-voltage stabilizer okuyinto, njengoba negama layo lisikisela, izinza noma ilawule ugesi. Kodwa-ke iningi labantu, lijabulela ukuphepha okulethwa wukuvikelwa kokuhlinzwa, akuboni ngisho nokuthi likhona.
Satshelwa kusukela ebuntwaneni ukuthi uxhume yonke into esebenza ngogesi ngesikhathi sokuduma kwezulu kungenjalo umbani ungahamba ngaphakathi kwesakhiwo ulimaze nemikhiqizo kagesi.
Yebo, umbani ngempela kuyingozi futhi kuyingozi. Nazi ezinye izithombe ezibonisa ukubhujiswa kwayo.
Inkomba yalesi sethulo
Kulungile lokhu kungokwombani. Umbani uhlobene kanjani nedivaysi yokuvikelwa komkhiqizo? Kulesi sihloko, sizonikeza inkulumo ephelele ngalesi sihloko. Sizokwethula:
Ukuvikelwa Kwamabani VS Ukuvikelwa Kokuqapha: Okuhlobene Okwamanje Okuhlukile
Ukuphakama
- Kuyini ukuhamba
- Isizathu esivelayo
- Imiphumela yokuphuma
Idivaysi Yokuvikelwa Ekhulayo (SPD)
- Incazelo
- Umsebenzi
- Izicelo
- Okuhlanganiswa: GDT, MOV, […]
Indlela yokukhetha idivayisi yokuvikelwa kokuphuma (i-SPD)?
Amadivayisi Wokuvivinya Amazinga (I-SPD) isetshenziselwa ukuvikela imishini kagesi ngokumelene nama-surges (ukuvuvukala) okubangelwa ukukhanyisa noma ukushintshwa kwemishini yemishini esindayo (abantu abaningi bangase bangazinaki lokhu). Kungathatha imvelaphi yezobuchwepheshe lapho ukhetha idivayisi efanele yokuvikela ukuqhuma njengoba kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zobuchwepheshe nemigomo.
I standard ye-IEC 61643 ichaza izinhlobo ze-3 zokusebenzisa ama-protective device for low power voltage system.
Thayipha i-1 noma i-Class I: Thayipha i-1 SPD ingafaka umbane oqinile wamanje futhi ifakwe emshinini wokushintsha kagesi uma isakhiwo sivikelwe uhlelo lokuvikelwa ngombani (induku yombani, phansi umqhubi nomhlabathi).
Thayipha i-2 noma i-Class II: Le divayisi yokuzivikela yokuvikela (SPD) iklanyelwe ukukhipha okwamanje okwenziwe ngombani ongaboni ngokuqondile owabangele ukuqhubekela phambili kwe-network yokusabalalisa amandla. Ngokujwayelekile, zifakwe kushintsho lokushicilela okuyinhloko. Thayipha i-2 SPD yi-SPD ethandwa kakhulu emakethe futhi i-Prosurge ibahlinzeka ngezitifiketi ezahlukene.
Thayipha i-3 noma i-Class III: Thayipha i-3 SPDs eklanyelwe ukunciphisa ukuvuthwa kwezimbonini zemishini ebucayi futhi ngakho-ke kunomthamo wamanje okhishwayo okhishwayo.
I-SPD kufanele ifakwe kuphi?
Thayipha idivayisi ye-2 yokuvikela izofakwa ku- […]