How do I select a proper Prosurge SPD for my application?

Though we try our best to offer an extensive, thorough product presentation on our website, catalogs and other documents, we believe the best way for model selecting is to consult with us with your requirement and then our professional will recommend a suitable model.

What are ANSI/UL 1449 Third Edition Versus IEC 61643-1 – Key Differences In Testing

The following examines a few of the key differences between Underwriters Laboratory’s required test for surge protective devices (SPDs); ANSI/UL 1449 Third Edition and the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) required test for SPDs, IEC 61643-1. Short Circuit Current Rating (SCCR): The capacity of current with which the tested SPD can withstand at the terminals where connected, without breaching the enclosure in any way. UL: Tests the full product at twice the nominal voltage to see if entire product is completely offline. The entire product (as shipped) is tested; including metal oxide varistors (MOVs). IEC: Test only looks at the terminals and the physical connections to determine if they are robust enough to handle the fault. MOVs are replaced with a copper block and a manufacturer’s recommended fuse is placed in-line (external to the device). Imax: Per IEC 61643-1 – The crest value of a current through the SPD having an 8/20 waveshape and magnitude according to the test sequence of the class II operating duty test. UL: Does not recognize the need for an Imax test. IEC: An operating duty cycle test is used to ramp up to an Imax point (determined by the manufacturer). This is meant to find “blind points” within the design when subjected to a high level impulse. This is conducted as a life expectancy or robustness test. The fuse needs to withstand Imax, and the test checks thermal stability of the SPD (after each duty cycle impulse bringing the SPD up to its maximum continuous operating voltage MCOV) and its physical condition。 I nominal: The crest value of the current through the SPD having a current waveshape of 8/20. UL: I nominal test is similar to the IEC’s, however, the I nominal results do not link to a Up value (a value used internationally for electrical coordination). Instead, UL uses I nominal to determine a product’s Voltage Protection Rating (VPR). Levels are limited to a maximum of 20 kA. The SPD remains functional after 15 surges. IEC: Does not limit I nominal testing to 20kA, however, the manufacturer’s selected In level is used to get a Up value, a value considered to be the protective performance of the SPD. This value is used for electrical coordination(ratings of building wire, equipment). Therefore the goal of the manufacturer is to try to attain the highest Inominal level with the lowest Up results. Many manufactures opt to only test as high as 20 kA so they will appear to have a low Up. Class versus category UL: UL Type designation is a location designator with a difference to the way I nominal is tested (for device which provides SCCR needs to be included and survive when doing I nominal testing). IEC: Designates certain tests as a class I, II, or III. Class designation between I and II has to do with the impulse applied – Class I; an I imp test (10×350) and a class II – 8 x 20 μs. The IEC designates certain tests as a class I, II, or III and can beconfused with UL’s Type I, II, III, or IV designations. There is some validity to both identifying the product’s approved installation location (UL) and applying a more robust impulse/waveform to those products that will be installed in harsher locations (IEC). Waveforms: A graph of an impulse wave that shows its shape and changes in amplitude with time. UL: Recognizes the 8 x 20 μs waveform. IEC: The IEC incorporates 2 waveforms into their test, the 8 x 20 μs which is used for class II testing to represent surges induced onto power lines. And the 10 x 350 μs waveform which is used for class I testing that represents partial or direct lightning currents (due to building or power line strikes).The IEC also uses other ring wave type waveforms for point of use (class III) tests.

How do I know which is the correct surge protection device that must be installed?

Choosing the right surge arrester(s) is a key factor to guarantee correct protection of the installation. A poorly designed Lightning & Surge protection system may lead to early ageing of the SPD and potential failure of the protective devices in the installation allowing damage to the primary systems up stream, thus defeating the rationale behind the protection being installed Prosurge does not provide a set of rules and guides to support acorrect design of the protection system according to the application. However we follow the IEC and UL lightning and surge protection standards. With this in mind we provide a cascaded system as laid down in the rules of the standard, not the rules of Prosurge. In the field of industrial applications, a standard practice is to install a cascaded protection system based on several coordinated protective devices installed at different stages (LPZ’s). The benefit of this strategy is the fact that it allows a high discharge capacity close to the installation entrance along with a low residual voltage (level of protection) at the main incomer of installation of sensitive equipment. The design of such a protective system is, amongst other factors, based on the assessment of information such as existence of a lightning rod (Lightning Protection System) and type of incoming power supply lines, secondary primary equipment and data systems. The solutions provide protection against either Transient or Permanent (TOV) overvoltages or against both of them (T+P) simultaneously. The final product choice depends on parameters such as: type of installation, type of network disconnection (operation on MCB or RCD), auto reclosing, breaking capacity, etc. Usually you can refer IEC61643- Low-voltage surge protective devices – Part 12:Surge protective devices connected to low-voltage power distribution systems -Selection and application principles

Can lightning destroy the photovoltaic system?

Photovoltaic systems are technologically highly sensitive and a direct lightning strike would definitely destroy it. There is also yet another hazard,as a lightning strike could create surge voltage near the solar power system and these surge voltages can also destroy the system. The inverter is the primary point in need of protection. Usually, inverters will integrate surge-voltage protectors into their inverters. However, since these components only discharge small voltage peaks, you should consider using surge protective devices (SPD) in individual cases.

Are joule ratings a specification used for SPD?

In the past, some manufacturers have used joule ratings in their specifications. They are not considered a good indicator for SPD performance and not recognized by any standard organizations. Prosurge doesn’t support this specification also.

Is “Response Time”a valid specification?

Response time specifications are not supported by any standards organizations overseeing Surge Protective Devices.IEEE C62.62 Standard Test Specification for SPDs specifically mentions it should not be used as a specification.

What are the different power systems in use in the US and what are the protection needs for each?

The US power distribution system is a TN-C-S system. This implies that the Neutral and Ground conductors are bonded at the service entrance of each, and every, facility or separately derived sub-system. This means that the neutral-to-ground (N-G) protection mode within a multi-mode SPD installed at the service entrance panel is basically redundant. Further from this N-G bondpoint, such as in branch distribution panels, the need for this additional mode of protection is more warranted. In addition to the N-G protection mode, some SPDs can include line-to-neutral (L-N) and line-to-line (L-L) protection. On a three phase WYE system, the need for L-L protection is questionable as balanced L-N protection also provides a measure of protection on the L-L conductors. Changes to the 2002 edition of the National Electrical Code® (NEC®) (www.nfpa.org) have precluded the use of SPDs on ungrounded delta power distribution systems. Behind this rather broad statement is the intention that SPDs should not be connected L-G as by so doing these modes of protection are creating pseudo grounds to the floating system. Modes of protection connected L-L are however acceptable.The high-leg delta system is a grounded system and as such allows for protection modes to be connected L-L and L-N or L-G.

How does installation affect the performance of SPDs?

The installation of SPDs is often poorly understood. A good SPD, incorrectly installed, can prove of little benefit in real-life surge conditions. The very high rate-of-change of current, typical of a surge transient, will develop significant volt drops on the leads connecting the SPD to the panel or equipment being protected. This can mean higher than desired voltages reaching the equipment during such a surge condition. Prosurge suggests that measures to counteract this effect include locating the SPD so as to keep interconnecting lead lengths as short as possible, twisting these leads together. Using a heavier gauge AWG cable helps to some extent but this is only a second order effect. It is also important to keep protected and unprotected circuits and leads separate to avoid cross coupling of transient energy.

What is a practical surge rating for service entrance protection?

This is a difficult question and depends on many aspects including – site exposure, regional is okeraunic levels and utility supply. A statistical study of lightning strike probability reveals that the average lightning discharge is between 30 and 40kA, while only 10% of lightning discharges exceed 100kA. Given that a strike to a transmission feeder is likely to share the total current received into anumber of distribution paths, the reality of the surge current entering a facility can be very much less than that of the lightning strike which precipitate it. The ANSI/IEEE C62.41.1-2002 standard seeks to characterize the electrical environment at different locations throughout a facility. It defines the service entrance location as between a B and C environment, meaning that surge currents up to 10kA 8/20 can be experienced in such locations. This said,SPDs located in such environments are often rated above such levels to provide a suitable operating life expectancy, 100kA/phase being typical.

What are surges transients, and temporary over-voltages, and what are their typical characteristics?

Although often used as separate terms in the surge industry, Transients and Surges are the same phenomenon. Transients and Surges can be current, voltage, or both and can have peak values in excess of 10kA or 10kV. They are typically of very short duration (usually >10 µs & <1 ms), with a waveform that has a very rapid rise to the peak and then falls off at a much slower rate. Transients and Surges can be caused by external sources such as lightning or a short circuit, or from internal sources such as Contactor switching, Variable Speed Drives, Capacitor switching, etc. Temporary over voltages (TOVs) are oscillatory phase-to-ground or phase-to-phase over voltages that can last as little as a few seconds or as long as several minutes. Sources of TOV’s include fault reclosing, load switching, ground impedance shifts,single-phase faults and ferroresonance effects to name a few. Due to their potentially high voltage and long duration, TOV’s can be very detrimental to MOV-based SPD’s. An extended TOV can cause permanent damage to an SPD and render the unit inoperable. Note that while UL 1449 (3rd Edition) ensures that the SPD will not create a safety hazard under these conditions, SPDs are not designed to protect against TOVs.

Do SPDs protect against direct lightning strikes?

A direct lighting strike is the most powerful and difficult surge to protect against. Prosurge recommend that Proper grounding and bonding of the electrical system and employing proper surge protection can protect sensitive equipment. A SPD with a higher single surge current rating will perform best against this type of event, if the unit is properly installed and the grounding system is adequate.The maximum single withstand surge current rating is defined in IEEE SPD Standard C62.62.

What is Suppressed Voltage Rating (SVR) and Voltage Protection Rating (VPR)?

SVR was part of an earlier version of UL 1449 Edition and is no longer used in the UL 1449 standard. The SVR was replaced by VPR. VPR is part of the UL 1449 3rd Edition and is the clamping performance data for SPDs. Each SPD mode is subjected to a 6kV/3kA combination surge wave and its measured clamping value is rounded up to the nearest value based on table 63.1 from UL 1449 3rd Edition.

How are SPDs related to UL 96A?

UL 96A is the standard for Lightning Protection systems. For a building to meet UL 96A is must have a Type 1 SPD with a Nominal Discharge Current rating of 20kA installed at the service entrance.

How does a Type 1 SPD compare to a Type 2 SPD?

Some key differences between Type 1 and Type 2 SPDs are: External Overcurrent Protection. Type 2 SPDs may require external overcurrent protection or it may be included within the SPD. Type 1 SPDs generally include overcurrent protection within the SPD or other means to satisfy the requirements of the standard; thus, Type 1 SPDs and Type 2 SPDs that do not require external overcurrent protection devices eliminate the potential for installing an incorrectly rated (mismatched) overcurrent protection device with the SPD. Nominal Discharge Current Ratings. Available Nominal Discharge Current (In) ratings of Type 1 SPDs are 10 kA or 20 kA; whereas, Type 2 SPDs may have 3 kA , 5 kA, 10 kA or 20 kA Nominal Discharge Current ratings. UL 1283 EMI/RFI Filtering. Some UL 1449 Listed SPDs include filter circuits that have been evaluated as a UL 1283 (Standard for Electromagnetic Interference Filters) filter. These are complimentary UL Listed as a UL 1283 filter and a UL 1449 SPD. By definition and the scope of UL 1283, UL 1283 Listed filters are evaluated for load-side applications only, not line-side applications. Consequently, UL will not complimentary list a Type 1 SPD as a UL 1283 Listed filter. However, a Type 1 SPD might include a UL 1283 filter as a Recognized Component within a Listed Type 1 SPD, which has been fully evaluated for lineside usage. Manufacturers of such products generally offer the identical SPD as a Type 2 UL 1449 Listed SPD with complimentary Listing as a UL 1283 Listed filter. Capacitors. Capacitors utilized in Type 1 SPDs may be evaluated for safety differently than in Type 2 SPDs. All capacitors in Type 1 SPD applications are evaluated to UL 810 (Standard for Capacitors). This includes filtering capacitors referenced above in UL 1283 (Standard for Electromagnetic Interference Filters) applications. Capacitors in Type 2 SPDs are evaluated to UL 1414 (Standard for Capacitors and Suppressors for Radio- and Television-Type Appliances) and/or UL 1283 (Standard for Electromagnetic Interference Filters).

What are the UL SPD Type categories and what do they mean?

Type 1 SPDs (Listed) – Permanently connected, hard-wired SPDs intended for installation between the secondary of the service transformer and the line side of the main service equipment overcurrent protective device, as well as the load side of the main service equipment (i.e. Type 1’s can be installed anywhere within the distribution system). Type 1 SPDs include watt-hour meter socket enclosure type SPDs. Being on the line side of the service disconnect where there are no overcurrent protective devices to protect an SPD, Type 1 SPDs must be listed without the use of an external overcurrent protective device. The Nominal Discharge Current Rating for Type 1 SPDs is either 10kA or 20kA. Type 2 SPDs (Listed) – Permanently connected, hard-wired SPDs intended for installation on the load side of the main service equipment overcurrent protective device. These SPDs may also be installed at the main service equipment, but must be installed on the load side of the main service overcurrent protective device. Type 2 SPDs may or may not require an overcurrent protection device per their NRTL listing. If a specific overcurrent protection is required, the SPD’s NRTL listing file and labeling/instructions are required to note the size and type of overcurrent protective device. Note: In some cases the overcurrent protective device used can impact the nominal discharge rating of the SPD. For example, the SPD may have a 10 kA nominal discharge current rating when protected by a 30 Amp circuit breaker and a 20 kA nominal discharge current rating when protected by a different but specific make and model of overcurrent protection device. The Nominal Discharge Current Rating for Type 2 SPDs is 3 kA, 5 kA, 10 kA, or 20 kA. Type 3 SPDs (Listed) – These SPDs are called, ‘Point of Utilization SPDs’, which are to be installed at a minimum conductor length of 10 meter (30 feet) from the electrical service panel unless they are evaluated at Type 2 SPDs (that is, they receive a Nominal Discharge Current Rating of 3 kA minimum). Typically, these are cord-connected surge strips, direct plug-in SPDs, or receptacle-type SPDs installed at the utilization equipment being protected (i.e. computers, copy machines, etc.). Type 1, 2, 3 Component Assembly SPDs (Component Recognized) – These SPDs are intended to be factory installed into electrical distribution equipment or end-use equipment. These are Recognized Component SPDs evaluated for use in Type 1, 2 or 3 SPD applications. Such component SPDs must pass all the same electrical safety failure tests as listed Type 1, 2 or 3 SPDs. While these SPDs are 100% compliant from a safety failure testing point of view, these Type 1, 2 and 3 component assembly SPDs have conditions of acceptability such as exposed terminals or other mechanical construction that requires them to be installed or housed within a listed assembly to provide protection from exposure to live parts or other requirements. These Type 1, 2 or 3 Recognized Component SPDs should not be confused with ANSI/UL 1449-2006 Type 4 Component Assemblies and Type 5 discrete SPD components that require additional components (possibly safety disconnectors), design and testing in order to be used as a complete surge protective device. Type 4 Component Assembly SPD (Component Recognized) –– These component assemblies consist of one or more Type 5 SPD components together with a disconnector (integral or external) or a means of complying with the limited current tests in UL 1449, Section 39.4. These are incomplete SPD assemblies, which typically are installed in listed end-use products as long as all conditions of acceptability are met. These Type 4 component assemblies are incomplete as an SPD, require further evaluation and are not permitted to be installed in the field as a stand-alone SPD. Often, these devices require additional overcurrent protection. Type 5 SPD (Component Recognized) – Discrete component surge protection devices, such as MOVs that may be mounted on a printed wiring board, connected by its leads or provided within an enclosure with mounting means and wiring terminations. These Type 5 SPD components are incomplete as an SPD, require further evaluation and are not permitted to be installed in the field as a stand-alone SPD. Type 5 SPDs are generally the components used in the design and construction of complete SPDs or other SPD assemblies.

What is the UL Short Circuit Current Rating (SCCR)?

SSCR-Short Circuit Current Rating. The suitability of an SPD for use on an AC power circuit that is capable of delivering not more than a declared rms symmetrical current at a declared voltage during a short circuit condition. SCCR is not the same as AIC (Amp Interrupting Capacity). SCCR is the amount of “available”current that the SPD can be subjected to and safely disconnect from the power source under short circuit conditions. The amount of current “interrupted” by the SPD is typically significantly less than the “available” current. UL 1449 and the National Electric Code (NEC) require the SCCR (Short Circuit Current Rating) to be marked on all SPD units. It is not a surge rating, but the maximum allowable current a SPD can interrupt in the event of failure. The NEC/UL has a requirement that the SPD be tested and labelled with a SCCR equal to, or greater than the available fault current at that point in the system.

What is important when specifying SPD?

When specifying SPD, submit a clear, concise specification detailing the required performance and design features. A minimum specification should include: • UL surge rating • Suppression rating • Short circuit rating • Peak surge current per mode (L-N, L-G, and N-G) • voltage and configuration of electrical service

What is a Surge Protective Device or Surge Arrestor (SPD)?

SPD is a device designed to limit surge energy to electrical equipment. It does this by diverting or limiting surge current. An SPD is wired in parallel to the equipment it is intended to protect. Once the surge voltage exceeds its designed rating it “begins to clamp” and starts to conduct energy directly to the electrical grounding system. An SPD has a very low resistance during this time and “shorts” the energy to ground. Once the surge is over it “opens” up, so it does not trigger upstream circuit breakers.

FAQ - Prosurge

Q: Do SPDs protect against direct lightning strikes?

A direct lighting strike is the most powerful and difficult surge to protect against. Prosurge recommend that Proper grounding and bonding of the electrical system and employing proper surge protection can protect sensitive equipment. A SPD with a higher single surge current rating will perform best against this type of event, if the unit is properly installed and the grounding system is adequate.The maximum single withstand surge current rating is defined in IEEE SPD Standard C62.62.

Ndingakhetha njani i-Prosurge SPD efanele kwisicelo sam?prosurge2017-10-31T17:34:33+08:00

Ndingakhetha njani i-Prosurge SPD efanele kwisicelo sam?

Nangona senza konke okusemandleni ethu ukuba sinikeze intetho epheleleyo, ecacileyo kwiwebhusayithi yethu, iikhathalogu kunye namanye amaxwebhu, sikholelwa indlela eyona ndlela yokukhetha imodeli kukuthintana nathi ngemfuno yakho kwaye ngoko ubugcisa bethu buya kuphakamisa umzekelo ofanelekileyo.

Ziziphi i-ANSI / UL 1449 Udidi lwesithathu kunye ne-IEC 61643-1 - Ulwahlulo olubalulekileyo ekuhlolweniprosurge2017-10-31T17:29:56+08:00

Ziziphi i-ANSI / UL 1449 Udidi lwesithathu kunye ne-IEC 61643-1 - Ulwahlulo olubalulekileyo ekuhlolweni

Ezi zilandelayo zivavanya ezimbalwa iintlukwano ezibalulekileyo phakathi kovavanyo lweeLebhu zeeLayibrari ezifunekayo zokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zokukhusela (SPDs); I-ANSI / UL 1449 Udidi lwesithathu kunye neKhomishini ye-International Electrotechnical (IEC) yafuna ukuhlolwa kwe-SPDs, i-IEC 61643-1.

Isisombululo esifutshane samanje (SCCR): Umthamo wamanje apho i-SPD evivinywayo inokumelana neendawo zokugqibela apho ixhunyiwe khona, ngaphandle kokuphulwa kwendawo efihliweyo nangayiphi indlela.

UL: Uvavanya umkhiqizo opheleleyo ngokuphindwe kabini kwimizi yokuchonga ukuba ubone ukuba yonke imveliso ayifumanekanga ngokupheleleyo. Imveliso yonke (njengoko ithunyelwe) ihlolwe; kuquka i-metal oxide varistors (MOVs).

IEC: Uvavanyo lujonge kuphela iipedals kunye nokuxhamla ngokomzimba ukuqinisekisa ukuba ngaba zikwazi ukulungisa iphoso. Ii-MOV zitshintshiswa ngebhokisi lobhedu kunye nomfaki-foshini ocebisiweyo ufakwa kwi-line (yangaphandle kwisixhobo).

I-Imax: I-IEC 61643-1 - Ixabiso lexabiso elikhoyo ngoku ngokusebenzisa i-SPD ene-8 / 20 namagagasi kunye nobukhulu ngokulandelelwaniswa kovavanyo lomsebenzi wokuhlola umsebenzi weklasini II.

UL: Ngaba akayikuqonda isidingo sovavanyo lwe-Imax.

IEC: Uvavanyo lomjikelo wokusebenza lusetyenziselwa ukunyuka ukuya kwinqanaba le-Imax (elimiselwe ngumenzi). Oku kwenzelwe ukufumana "amanqaku angaboniyo" kuyilo xa kufikwa kwinqanaba eliphezulu lokuqhubela phambili. Oku kuqhutywa njengokulindela ubomi okanye uvavanyo lokuqina. I-fuse ifuna ukumelana ne-Imax, kwaye kuvavanyo lujonga uzinzo lwe-SPD (emva komjikelo ngamnye womsebenzi wokuzisa i-SPD ukuya kumandla ombane wayo oqhubekayo we-MCOV) kunye nemeko yayo yomzimba.

Ndiqamba ngamagama: Ixabiso lexabiso elikhoyo ngoku nge-SPD enamajelo ekhoyo e-8 / 20.

UL: I-test nomyinge ifana ne-IEC, nangona kunjalo, iziphumo zam ezizikhankanyiweyo azidibanisi nexabiso eliphezulu (ixabiso elisetyenziselwa ukulungelelanisa ugesi). Endaweni yoko, UL isebenzise ukuba ndiqeshwe ukuba ndiqaphele i-VPR). Amanqanaba athatho kwi-20 kA. I-SPD ihlala isebenza emva kwe-15.

IEC: Awuyithinteli ukuvavanywa kwamagama kwi-20kA, nangona kunjalo, ukhethwa ngumenzi wendawo Kwinqanaba elisetyenziselwa ukufumana ixabiso eliphezulu, ixabiso elithathwa njengekhuseleko lokusebenza kwe-SPD. Eli xabiso lisetyenziselwa ukulungelelanisa umbane (ukulinganisa kwintambo yokwakha, izixhobo).

Ngoko ke injongo yomenzi wokuzama ukuzama ukufikelela kwizinga eliphezulu le-Inominal kunye neziphumo eziphantsi kakhulu. Abaninzi benza i-opt ukuvavanya kuphela ukuphakama njenge-20 kA ngoko baza kubonakala bephantsi.

Iklasi ngokuchasene nesigaba

UL: UL Uhlobo lohlobo olubizwa ngokuba ngumyili weendawo kunye nendlela eya kuthiwa ihlolwe ngayo (ukuba ifowuni enika i-SCCR kufuneka ifakwe kwaye iphile xa ndizama ukuvavanya).

I-IEC: ichonga iimvavanyo ezithile njengeklasi I, II, okanye III. Ukuchongwa kodidi phakathi kwam no-II kunento yokwenza nefuthe elisetyenzisiweyo-Udidi I; uvavanyo lwe-I imp (10 × 350) kunye nodidi II-8 x 20 μs.

IEC icwangcisa iimvavanyo ezithile njengeklasi I, II, okanye III kwaye inokuthi ixhaswe nge-UL's Type I, II, III okanye IV. Kukho ukuqinisekiswa kokubambisa indawo yokufaka indawo evumelekileyo yomkhiqizo (UL) kunye nokusetyenziswa kwesimo esiphezulu somfutho / umtshini kwezo zinto eziza kufakwa kwiindawo eziqhelekileyo (IEC).

I-Waveforms: Igrafu yesangqa esichukumisayo esibonisa ukuma kwayo kunye noshintsho kwi-amplitude ngexesha.

UL: Ubona i8 x 20 μs ifom.

IEC: IEC iquka iifom ze-2 kwiimvavanyo zabo, i-8 x 20 μs esetyenziselwa ukuhlolwa kweklasi yesi-2 ukumela i-surges ekwenziwe kumigqa yamandla. Kwaye i10 x 350 μs ifom yefayile esetyenziselwa iklasi yokuvavanya emela imizila yamandla ombane okanye ngokukodwa (ngenxa yendlela yokwakha okanye yamagunya ombane) .I-IEC iphinda isebenzise nezinye iifom zokutshintsheliswa kwamagqabi ohlobo lokusebenzisa (iiklasi III).

Ndingazi njani ukuba yiyiphi idilesi yokukhusela echanekileyo ekufuneka ifakwe?prosurge2017-10-31T17:28:05+08:00

Ndingazi njani ukuba yiyiphi idilesi yokukhusela echanekileyo ekufuneka ifakwe?

Ukukhetha indawo efanelekileyo yokubambisa (into) yinto ephambili ekuqinisekiseni ukhuseleko olufanelekileyo lofakelo. Inkqubo yokukhusela umbane kunye nenkqubo yokukhuseleka inokukhokelela ekwaluphaleni kwangoko kwe-SPD kunye nokusilela okunokubakho kwezixhobo zokukhusela kufakelo oluvumela ukonakala kwiinkqubo zokuqala zokuhamba komjelo, ngaloo ndlela boyise izizathu ezisemva kokhuseleko olufakiweyo

I-Prosurge ayinikezeli uluhlu lwemiqathango kunye nezikhokelo zokuxhasa ukusetyenziswa okungalungileyo kwenkqubo yokukhusela ngokubhekiselele kwisicelo. Nangona kunjalo silandela i-IEC kunye ne-UL nombane wokukhusela. Ngale ngqondweni sinikezela inkqubo ye-cascade njengoko ilawulwe kwimimiselo yomgangatho, kungekhona imithetho ye-Prosurge.

Kwintsimi yezicelo zoshishino, umgangatho osemgangathweni ukufaka inkqubo yokukhusela i-cascade ngokusekelwe kwiinkqubo ezininzi ezikhuselekileyo ezikhuselekileyo ezifakwe kwiinqanaba ezahlukeneyo (i-LPZ). Inzuzo yesi si cwangciso kukuba ivumela ukukhutshwa kwamandla aphezulu ekungeneni kokufakelwa kunye ne-low residual voltage (inqanaba lokukhusela) kwi-incom ephezulu yokufakela izixhobo ezibucayi.

Inkqubo yenkqubo enjalo yokukhusela, phakathi kwezinye izinto, isekelwe ekuhlolweni kolwazi olunjengobunzima bendonga yombane (Inkqubo yokuKhusela umbane) kunye nohlobo lweendlela zokungena zamandla ezingenayo, izixhobo eziphambili zesekondari kunye neenkqubo zedatha.

Izisombululo zibonelela ngokukhuselwa kwi-overvoltages okanye yezo zombini (T + P) ngokufanayo.

Ukukhethwa kokugqibela kwemveliso kuxhomekeke kwiiparitha ezifana: uhlobo lokufakela, uhlobo lokunqanyulwa kwenethiwekhi (ukusebenza kwi-MCB okanye i-RCD), ukuvala ngokuzenzekelayo, ukuphuka amandla, njl.

Ngokwesiqhelo ungabhekisa kwi-IEC61643- Izixhobo zokukhusela amandla asezantsi-Icandelo le-12: Izixhobo zokhuselo eziqhubayo ezinxulunyaniswe neenkqubo zokuhambisa umbane ezisezantsi -Ukhetho kunye nemigaqo yokusetyenziswa

Ngaba umbane ungonakalisa inkqubo ye-photovoltaic?prosurge2017-10-31T17:26:31+08:00

Ngaba umbane ungonakalisa inkqubo ye-photovoltaic?

Iifoto ze-Photovoltaic zibugcisa obukhulu kwaye isitepta sombane ngokucacileyo siya kuyitshabalalisa. Kukho enye ingozi, njengokuba isiteleka sombane singenza umbane ojikelezayo eduze kwenkqubo yombane yamandla kwaye le migodi yokunyuka ingabhubhisa inkqubo. Inverter yindawo ephambili efuna ukukhuselwa. Ngokuqhelekileyo, abaguquli baza kudibanisa abakhuseli bee-voltage kwi-inverters yabo. Nangona kunjalo, ekubeni ezi zinto zikhupha kuphela amancinci amancinci, kufuneka uqikelele ukusebenzisa izixhobo zokukhusela (SPD) kwiimeko ezithile.

Ngaba udlala iimpawu ezithile kwi-SPD?prosurge2017-10-31T17:25:41+08:00

Ngaba udlala iimpawu ezithile kwi-SPD?

Kwixesha elidlulileyo, abanye abavelisi baye basebenzisa izilinganiso zokudlala kwiinkcukacha zabo. Ababonwanga njengento efanelekileyo yokubonisa ukusebenza kwe-SPD kwaye ayifumanwanga nayiphi na imibutho ephantsi. Iprosurge ayixhasi le nkcazo kwakhona.

Ngaba "Ixesha leempendulo" lichazwe ngokusemthethweni?prosurge2017-10-31T17:24:47+08:00

Ngaba "Ixesha leempendulo" lichazwe ngokusemthethweni?

Iimpendulo zexesha lokuphendula azixhaswanga yimibutho yemigangatho ejongene namadivayisi okukhusela ama-Surge Protective Devices. I-EEE C62.62 Inkcazo yoVavanyo oluPhezulu kwii-SPD ezikhankanywe ngokuthethileyo akufanele isetyenziswe njengeenkcukacha.

Ziziphi iinkqubo zamandla ezahlukileyo ezisetyenziswayo e-US kwaye zeziphi iimfuno zokukhusela ngamnye?prosurge2017-10-31T17:23:39+08:00

Ziziphi iinkqubo zamandla ezahlukileyo ezisetyenziswayo e-US kwaye zeziphi iimfuno zokukhusela ngamnye?

Inkqubo yokuhambisa amandla yamandla ase-US yindlela ye-TN-CS. Oku kuthetha ukuba abaqhubi abangekho hlangothi kunye nabasemgangathweni baxhomekeke ekungeneni kwenkonzo nganye, kunye neendawo zonke, iziko okanye i-sub-system. Oku kuthetha ukuba imodi yokukhusela ngaphandle kwe-NG (i-NG) ngaphakathi kwimodi ye-SPD efakwe kwi-panel panel yokungena kwenkonzo iyanqabile. Ukuqhubela phambili kule ngxowankulu ye-NG, njengakwi-panels distribution panel, imfuneko yale ndlela eyongezelelweyo yokukhusela ivumelekile. Ukongeza kwimodi yokukhusela i-NG, ezinye i-SPD zingabandakanya ukungahambisani ne-line (LN) kunye nokukhusela umgca-umgca (LL). Kwiinkqubo ze-WYE zesigaba sesithathu, isidingo sokukhuselwa kwe-LL singathandabuzeki ngokukhuselana kwe-LN ukukhusela kunika umlinganiselo wokukhuselwa kwabaqhubi be-LL.
Utshintsho kwiprogram ye-2002 ye-National Electrical Code® (i-NEC®) (i-www.nfpa.org) iye yabangela ukusetyenziswa kwe-SPD kwiinkqubo zokunikezela ngamandla zamanzi ase-delta. Ngenxa yale ngxelo ebanzi kunenjongo yokuba i-SPD ayifanele ixhumane ne-LG njengoko ngokwenza njalo ezi ndlela zokukhusela zidala izizathu zokungena kwi-system. Iimodeli zokukhusela ezixhulumene neLL ziyakwamkeleka noko. Indlela ye-delta yemilenze ephakamileyo yinkqubo esekelwe kwaye kwaye ivumela iindlela zokukhusela iLL kunye ne-LN okanye i-LG.

Ukufakela njani kuthintela ukusebenza kwe-SPD?prosurge2017-10-31T17:19:51+08:00

Ukufakela njani kuthintela ukusebenza kwe-SPD?

Ukufakela kwe-SPD kudlalwa kakuhle. I-SPD entle, ifakwe ngokungalunganga, ingabonakalisa inzuzo encinci kwiimeko zangaphambili zokuphila kwangempela. Umgangatho ophezulu kakhulu wokutshintshwa kwezinto ezikhoyo, oqhelekileyo wexesha elifutshane, uza kuhlakulela imithombo yamanzi e-volt kwizikhokelo ezidibanisa i-SPD kwiphaneli okanye izixhobo ezikhuselekile. Oku kunokuthetha ukuphakama kuneemfuno ezifunwayo ezifikelela kwisixhobo ngexesha lolo hlobo lwesimo. I-Prosurge iphakamisa ukuba amanyathelo okulwa nalo mphumo abandakanya ukufumana i-SPD ukwenzela ukugcina ukudibanisa ubude besikhokelo ngokufutshane njengoko kunokwenzeka, ukuphazamisa ezi zikhokelela kunye. Ukusebenzisa i-cable ye-AWG ye-gauge eyona mkhulu kunceda kwinqanaba elithile kodwa oku kungumphumo wesibini kuphela. Kwakhona kubalulekile ukugcina izijikelezo ezikhuselekileyo nezingakhuselekanga kwaye zikhokelela ngokwahlukileyo ukuze ugweme ukudibanisa kwamandla amade.

Yintoni ebonakalayo yokwenyuka kokungena kwenkonzo yokukhusela?prosurge2017-10-31T17:17:34+08:00

Yintoni ebonakalayo yokwenyuka kokungena kwenkonzo yokukhusela?

Lo ngumbuzo onzima kwaye uxhomekeke kwiinkalo ezininzi ezibandakanya ukuvezwa kwendawo, indawo yesithili namazinga okeraunic kunye nokubonelela ngeenkonzo. Uphando oluthile lwamanqanaba ombane obonakalayo lubonisa ukuba ukuphuma kombane kuphakathi kwe-30 kunye ne-40kA, ngelixa i-10% yombane ikhutshwa ngaphandle kwe-100kA. Ngenxa yokuba isiteyithi kumxhasi wokudlulisela isisombululo sinokubelana ngokubakho okwangoku kufunyenwe kwi-anumber yemigudu yokuhambisa, ukunyaniseka kokungena kwangoku kungena kwisibonelelo kunokuba kuncinci kakhulu kunokuba isiteyhini sombane esilungileyo.

Umgangatho we-ANSI / IEEE we-C62.41.1-2002 ufuna ukubonisa indawo yombane kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo kwiziko. Ichaza indawo yokungena kwenkonzo phakathi kwemeko ye-B kunye ne-C, oku kuthetha ukuba ukuhamba kweemitha ukuya kwi-10kA 8 / 20 ingafumaneka kwiindawo ezinjalo. Oku kwathiwa, ii-SPD ezifumaneka kwiimeko ezilolo hlobo zivame ukulinganiswa ngaphezu kwamanqanaba afanelekileyo ukubonelela ixesha elifanelekileyo lokuphila, i-100kA / isigaba esivamile.

Ziziphi iziganeko ezihamba phambili, kunye ne-over-voltages, kwaye ziziphi iimpawu zabo eziqhelekileyo?prosurge2017-10-31T17:16:14+08:00

Ziziphi iziganeko ezihamba phambili, kunye ne-over-voltages, kwaye ziziphi iimpawu zabo eziqhelekileyo?

Nangona ihlala isetyenziswa njengamagama ahlukeneyo kushishino lokunyuka, amaThutyana kunye neeSurges ziyinto efanayo. Ukudlula kunye nokunyuka kunokuba yinto yangoku, amandla ombane, okanye zombini kwaye kunokuba namaxabiso aphezulu ngaphezu kwe-10kA okanye 10kV. Ziqhelekile ukuba zibe zexeshana elifutshane kakhulu (ngesiqhelo> 10 µs & <1 ms), kunye nefom ye-wave enokunyuka okukhawulezileyo ukuya kwinqanaba kwaye emva koko iwe kwizinga eliphantsi kakhulu. Ukudlula kunye nokunyuka kunokubangelwa yimithombo yangaphandle enjengombane okanye isekethe emfutshane, okanye kwimithombo yangaphakathi enjengokutshintsha kweContactor, iiDrive Speed Drives, ukutshintsha kweCapacitor, njl.

Ixesha elidlulileyo kwii-voltages (TOVs) zi-oscillatory phase-to-ground okanye i-phase-to-phase over voltages ezinokuhlala ezincinci njengemizuzwana embalwa okanye ngokude imizuzu embalwa. Imithombo ye-TOV ifaka iphoso yokurhoxisa, ukutshintsha ukutshintsha, ukutshintsha kwempedance yomhlaba, iimpembelelo zesigaba esisodwa kunye nemiphumo ye-ferroresonance ukubiza ezimbalwa. Ngenxa yombane wabo ophezulu kunye nexesha elide, i-TOV ingaba yingozi kakhulu kwi-SPD-based SPD. I-TOV eninzi ingabangela umonakalo osisigxina kwi-SPD kwaye yenze ukuba inyunithi ingasebenzi. Qaphela ukuba ngelixa UL UL 1449 (i-3rd Edition) iqinisekisa ukuba i-SPD ayiyi kudala ingozi yokhuseleko phantsi kwezi meko, i-SPD ayilungiselelwe ukukhusela kwi-TOVs.

Ngaba ii-SPD zikhusela ngokukhanyisa ngokukhanyayo?prosurge2017-10-31T17:13:42+08:00

Ngaba ii-SPD zikhusela ngokukhanyisa ngokukhanyayo?

Isiteleka sokukhanyisa ngokukhawuleza sisona sinamandla kunzima kwaye sikhusele ukukhusela. I-Prosurge icebisa ukuba ukulungiswa okufanelekileyo kunye nokudibanisa kwenkqubo yombane kunye nokusebenzisa ukukhuselwa okufanelekileyo kunokukhusela izixhobo ezibukhali. I-SPD enezinga eliphezulu eliphezulu lokunyuka kwexesha elizayo liya kwenza okusemgangathweni kulolu hlobo lwesiganeko, ukuba iyunithi ifakwe ngokufanelekileyo kwaye inkqubo yokumisela iyanele.

Yiyiphi iCoption Voltage Rating (SVR) kunye neVension Protection Protection Rating (VPR)?prosurge2017-10-31T17:10:31+08:00

Yiyiphi iCoption Voltage Rating (SVR) kunye neVension Protection Protection Rating (VPR)?

I-SVR yayiyinxalenye yenguqu yangaphambili ye-UL 1449 Edition kwaye ayisasetyenziselwa kumgangatho we-UL 1449. I-SVR ithathelwe indawo yi-VPR.

I-VPR yinxalenye ye-UL 1449 3rd Edition kwaye yinkcazelo yokusebenza ye-SPD. Imodi nganye ye-SPD ixhomekeke kwi-6kV / 3kA ukutshintsha kwe-wavege kunye nexabiso layo lokulinganisa lilinganiselwe kwixabiso elikufutshane elisekelwe kwi-table 63.1 kwi-UL 1449 3rd Edition.

I-SPD idibana njani ne-UL 96A?prosurge2017-10-31T17:05:54+08:00

I-SPD idibana njani ne-UL 96A?

UL 96A ngumgangatho weNkqubo zokuKhusela izibane. Ukuba isakhiwo ukuhlangabezana no-UL 96A kufuneka sibe nohlobo lwe-1 SPD kunye ne-Nominal Discharge Current rating ye-20kA efakwe kwisango lenkonzo.

Uhlobo lwe-1 SPD lufanisa njani nohlobo lwe-2 SPD?prosurge2017-10-31T17:01:51+08:00

Uhlobo lwe-1 SPD lufanisa njani nohlobo lwe-2 SPD?

Ezinye iintlukwano ezibalulekileyo phakathi kohlobo lwe-1 kunye nohlobo lwe-2 SPDs zi:

Ukhuseleko lwangaphandle. Uhlobo lwe-2 SPD lungadinga ngaphandle kwangaphandle
ukhuseleko okanye ingafakwa kwi-SPD. Uhlobo lwe-1 SPD luquka ngokubanzi
ukhuseleko olukhuselekileyo ngaphakathi kwe-SPD okanye ezinye iindlela zokwanelisa iimfuno
yomgangatho; ngoko, Tshintsha i-1 SPDs kunye nohlobo lwe-2 SPD ezingafuneki ngaphandle
izixhobo zokukhusela ngokugqithiseleyo ziphelisa amandla okufaka ngokungalunganga
zilinganiswe (ezingahambelaniyo) kwisixhobo sokukhusela i-SPD.
Iimpawu zokuHlola eziNyunyiweyo zangoku. Ukukhutshwa kwegama elikhoyo elikhoyo (In)
Ukulinganiswa kohlobo lwe-1 SPDs yi-10 kA okanye i-20 kA; ngelixa, Uhlobo lwe-2 SPD lungaba ne-3
i-kA, i-5 kA, i-10 kA okanye i-20 kA Ukuchithwa kwegama lomyinge okwangoku.
UL 1283 EMI / RFI Ukucoca. Ezinye ze-UL 1449 ezi-SPD ezidibeneyo ziquka izicwangciso zefayili
eziye zavandlakanywa njenge-UL 1283 (Umgangatho we-Electromagnetic Interference
Iifayile). Ezi zi-UL ezibhalisiweyo zibhalwe njengeLL 1283 kunye ne-UL
1449 SPD. Ngcaciso kunye nobubanzi be-UL 1283, i-UL 1283 Izihlungi ezikhethiweyo zi
zivavanyelwe ukusetyenziswa kwezicwangciso zecala kuphela, kungekhona izicelo zecala.
Ngenxa yoko, UL akayi kuluhlu uluhlu oluxhasayo luhlobo lwe-1 SPD njenge-UL 1283 edibeneyo
kucoca. Nangona kunjalo, uhlobo lwe-1 SPD lungabandakanya ifayile ye-UL 1283 njengeNqatshelwe
Icandelo phakathi kohlobo oluthile lwe-1 SPD, oluye lwavandlakanywa ngokupheleleyo kwi-lineide
ukusetyenziswa. Abavelisi beemveliso ezinjalo ngokubanzi banikela nge-SPD efanayo
Uhlobo lwe-2 UL 1449 I-SPD edibeneyo kunye ne-Listing ehambelana neLL 1283
kucoca.
Abaphathi. Abaxhobi abasebenzisa kwi-1 SPDs banokuvavanywa ngokukhuselekileyo
ngokwahlukileyo kunokuba kuhlobo lwe-2 SPDs. Zonke i-capacitors ngohlobo lwe-1 SPD zicelo
vavanywa kwi-UL 810 (i-Standard for Capacitors). Oku kuquka ukuhlunga ama-capacitors
khankanywe ngentla kwi-UL 1283 (i-Standard for Filters of Interference Filters)
zicelo. Abaxhasi be-Type 2 SPDs bavavanywa kwi-UL 1414 (Standard for
Abaxhasi kunye nabaPhezulu kwiiRadio-ne-Television-Type Appliances) kunye / okanye
UL 1283 (I-Standard for Filters of Interference Filters).

Ziziphi iindidi ze-UL SPD kwaye zithetha ntoni?prosurge2017-10-31T16:58:48+08:00

Ziziphi iindidi ze-UL SPD kwaye zithetha ntoni?

Uhlobo lwe-1 SPDs (Uluhlu) - Udibene ngokusisigxina, ii-SPD ezinesibindi ezijoliswe kuyo
ukufakela phakathi kwesekondari yenkonzo yomshubhe kunye nomgca wecala lomgca
isixhobo sokuncedisa isixhobo sokukhusela, kunye nomgca wokulayisha
Izixhobo zenkonzo (okt Uhlobo lwe-1 luya kufakwa naphi na apho kusasazwa khona
inkqubo). Uhlobo lwe-1 SPD luquka i-watt-yeyure yemitha eyi-SPDs. Ukuba phezu
Icala lomgca wenkonzo yokunqakraza apho kungekho zixhobo ezikhuselekileyo zokukhusela
ukukhusela i-SPD, Uhlobo lwe-1 SPD kufuneka lubhalwe ngaphandle kokusetyenziswa kwexesha langaphandle
isixhobo sokukhusela. I-Classification Discharge Current Rating ngohlobo lwe-1 SPD
10kA okanye 20kA.

Uhlobo lwe-2 SPDs (Uluhlu) - Udibene ngokusisigxina, ii-SPD ezinesibindi ezijoliswe kuyo
ukufakela kwicala lomthwalo wesistim seenkonzo eziphambili ezikhuselekileyo.
Ezi zi-SPD zingafakwa kwakhona kwisixhobo esiyinkonzo, kodwa kufuneka sifakwe kwi
kwicala lomthwalo weso sixhobo esiphezulu senkonzo. Uhlobo lwe-2 SPDs lunakho
ayifuni isixhobo sokukhusela i-overcurrent ngohlu lwabo lwe-NRTL. Ukuba ethile
Ukukhuselwa kwantoni, kuyadingeka, ifayile ye-SPD ye-NRTL kunye ne-labels / imiyalelo
Kufuneka ukuba uqaphele ubungakanani kunye nohlobo lweso sixhobo sokukhusela. Qaphela: Kwezinye
Iimeko ezikhuselekileyo zixhobo ezikhuselweyo ezisetyenziswayo zinokuchaphazela ukulinganiswa kokukhutshwa kwamanzi
i-SPD. Ngokomzekelo, i-SPD inokuba ne-10 kA yokuchithwa kwegama elikhoyo ngoku
xa ikhuselwe yi-30 i-breaker circuit breaker kunye ne-20 kA yokuchithwa kwegama elikhoyo ngoku
ukulinganiswa xa ikhuselwe yindlela eyahlukileyo kodwa eyenziweyo kunye nemodeli yokugqitha
isixhobo sokukhusela. I-Output Discharge Current Rating ngohlobo lwe-2 SPDs yi-3 kA, 5
kA, 10 kA, okanye 20 kA.

Uhlobo lwe-3 SPD (Uluhlu) - Ezi zi-SPD zibizwa ngokuba yi 'Point of Use of SPDs', eziza
kufakwe kwisithuba esincinci somqhubi we-10 meter (i-30 inyawo) ukusuka kumbane
ipaneli yenkonzo ngaphandle kokuba bavavanywa kuhlobo lwe-2 SPDs (oko kukuthi, bafumana iSigxina
I-Current Rating ye-3 kA ubuncinane). Ngokuqhelekileyo, ezi ziyi-cord-linked connection
ukubetha, i-plug-in SPDs, okanye i-SPDs ye-receptacle efakwe kwisixhobo sokusetyenziswa
ukhuselwe (oko kukuthi iikhomputha, umatshini wokukopisha, njl.).

Uhlobo lwe-1, i-2, i-3 ye-Assembly SPDs (iQela eliQaphelayo) - Ezi SPD
ejoliswe ukuba ibe yimbane efakwe kwisixhobo sokusasazwa kombane okanye ukusetyenziswa kokuphela
izixhobo. Ezi zi-SPD eziQhathanisiweyo ziPhononongo zenzelwe uhlobo lwe1, 2 okanye 3
Izicelo ze-SPD. Icandelo elinjalo le-SPD kufuneka lidlule konke ukusilela kombane
iimvavanyo njengoko zidweliswe Udidi 1, 2 okanye i-3 SPDs. Nangona ezi zi-SPD zi-100% zihambelana nokhuseleko
ukujonga ukuhluleka kokujonga, le 1, 2 kunye ne-3 yendibano yendibano ye-SPD
imiqathango yokwamkeleka njengamashishini athatywayo okanye olunye ukwakhiwa kwemishini
ezifuna ukuba zifakwe okanye zibekwe kwindawo edibeneyo ukukhusela
ukususela kwiindawo eziphilayo okanye ezinye iimfuno. Olu hlobo 1, 2 okanye 3 Iyabonwa
I-SPD yexube ayifanele idideke kunye ne-ANSI / UL 1449-2006 Udidi lwe-4
Iintlanganiso kunye nohlobo lwe-5 eziphambili ze-SPD ezifuna izinto ezingaphezulu
(mhlawumbi ukukhutshwa kwezikhuseleko), ukuyila kunye nokuvavanya ukuze kusetshenziswe njengesigxina esipheleleyo
isixhobo sokukhusela.

Uhlobo lwe-4 Inxalenye yeNdibano ye-SPD (iQela eliQaphelayo) - Eli candelo
Iindibano ziquka enye okanye ngaphezulu Uhlobo lwe-5 SPD kunye ne-disconnector
(ehlangeneyo okanye yangaphandle) okanye indlela yokuthobela iimvavanyo zangoku ezilinganiselweyo kwi-UL 1449,
Icandelo 39.4. Ezi iindibano ze-SPD ezingaphelelanga, ezifakwe ngokutsha kuyo
kuluhlu lwemveliso yokusetyenziswa kokuphela nje kuphela ukuba zonke iimeko zokumkeleka zidibene. Olu hlobo 4
Iindibano zamacandelo azigqibekanga njenge-SPD, zifuna ukuphonononga okungekho kwaye akukho
vunyelwe ukuba ifakwe kwintsimi njenge-SPD yokuma yodwa. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ezi zixhobo zifuna
ukhuseleko olungaphezulu.

Uhlobo lwe-5 SPD (Icandelo eliQaphelayo) - Izixhobo ezikhuselayo zokukhusela izixhobo,
ezifana nee-MOV ezinokuthi zikhutshwe kwibhodi yocingo ephrintiweyo, ixhunywe zikhokelo okanye
unikezwe ngaphakathi kwendawo yokufaka kunye neendlela zokunyuka kunye nokupheliswa kwetambo. Olu hlobo
Izixhobo ze-5 SPD zingaphelelwanga njenge-SPD, zifuna ukuphonononga okungekho kwaye zingekho
vunyelwe ukuba ifakwe kwintsimi njenge-SPD yokuma yodwa. Uhlobo lwe-5 SPD ngokuqhelekileyo
izixhobo ezisetyenziselwa ukwakhiwa nokwakhiwa kwe-SPD epheleleyo okanye enye i-SPD
iindibano.

Yiyiphi i-UL elifutshane leSet Circuit Current Rating (SCCR)?prosurge2017-10-31T16:52:02+08:00

Yiyiphi i-UL elifutshane leSet Circuit Current Rating (SCCR)?

I-SSCR-esifutshane Sesekethe. Ukufaneleka kwe-SPD ukusetyenziswa kwisekethe yamandla e-AC enokukwazi ukuhambisa okungaphezulu kwee-rms ezivakalisiweyo ezikhoyo kumbane okhankanyiweyo ngexesha lomsebenzi wesiphaluka esifutshane. I-SCCR ayifani ne-AIC (Amp Ukuphazamiseka kwamandla). I-SCCR ingumlinganiselo "okhoyo" okwangoku ukuba i-SPD ingathatyathwa kwaye ikhuphe ngokukhuselekileyo kumthombo wamandla phantsi kweemeko zesekethe ezimfutshane. Isixa samanje "siphazamisekile" yi-SPD ngokuqhelekileyo singaphantsi kwe "ekhoyo" yangoku.

I-UL 1449 kunye neNational Electric Code (NEC) idinga iSSCCR (i-short Circuit Current Rating) ukuba imakwe kuzo zonke iiyunithi ze-SPD. Akulona isilinganiselo sokunyuka, kodwa ukugqithiswa okwangoku kuvumelekileyo i-SPD ingaphazamisa xa kwenzeka ukungaphumeleli. I-NEC / UL inemfuno yokuba i-SPD ihlolwe kwaye ibhalwe nge-SCCR ilinganayo, okanye iphezulu kunokuba ikhona iphoso ekhoyo kwilo xesha kwinkqubo.

Yintoni ebalulekileyo xa kuchazwa i-SPD?prosurge2017-10-31T16:31:39+08:00

Yintoni ebalulekileyo xa kuchazwa i-SPD?

Xa ucacisa i-SPD, ngenisa inkcazo ecacileyo, ecacileyo echaza iinkcukacha ezifunekayo kunye neempawu zokuyila. Ubuncinane ubuncwane kufuneka bubandakanye:

• Ukulinganisa uL UL

• Ukunciphisa amanqaku

• Umlinganiselo wesiphaluka esifutshane

• Ukuphakama kwemoji nganye kwimodi (LN, LG, kunye neNg)

• umbane kunye nokucwangciswa kweenkonzo zombane

Yiyiphi iDiskhi yokuKhusela okanye i-Surge Arrestor (SPD)?prosurge2017-10-31T16:30:05+08:00

Yiyiphi iDiskhi yokuKhusela okanye i-Surge Arrestor (SPD)?

I-SPD iyisisombululo esenzelwe ukukhawulela amandla okwenzela izixhobo zombane. Yenza oku ngokuphazamisa okanye ukunciphisa okwangoku. I-SPD ifakwe kwi-parallel kwisixhobo esisenzelwe ukukhusela. Emva kokuba umbane ophakanyisiweyo udlula umlinganiselo walo owenzelweyo "uqala ukuphoqa" kwaye uqala ukuqhuba amandla ngokuthe ngqo kwindlela yokumisa umbane. I-SPD inokumelana okuphantsi kakhulu ngeli xesha kwaye "imfutshane" amandla aphantsi. Xa ukugqithisa kuphezu kwayo "kuvulwa" phezulu, ngoko akuyi kubangela ukuba abaqhubi beesekethe baqhube.