How do I select a proper Prosurge SPD for my application?

Though we try our best to offer an extensive, thorough product presentation on our website, catalogs and other documents, we believe the best way for model selecting is to consult with us with your requirement and then our professional will recommend a suitable model.

What are ANSI/UL 1449 Third Edition Versus IEC 61643-1 – Key Differences In Testing

The following examines a few of the key differences between Underwriters Laboratory’s required test for surge protective devices (SPDs); ANSI/UL 1449 Third Edition and the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) required test for SPDs, IEC 61643-1. Short Circuit Current Rating (SCCR): The capacity of current with which the tested SPD can withstand at the terminals where connected, without breaching the enclosure in any way. UL: Tests the full product at twice the nominal voltage to see if entire product is completely offline. The entire product (as shipped) is tested; including metal oxide varistors (MOVs). IEC: Test only looks at the terminals and the physical connections to determine if they are robust enough to handle the fault. MOVs are replaced with a copper block and a manufacturer’s recommended fuse is placed in-line (external to the device). Imax: Per IEC 61643-1 – The crest value of a current through the SPD having an 8/20 waveshape and magnitude according to the test sequence of the class II operating duty test. UL: Does not recognize the need for an Imax test. IEC: An operating duty cycle test is used to ramp up to an Imax point (determined by the manufacturer). This is meant to find “blind points” within the design when subjected to a high level impulse. This is conducted as a life expectancy or robustness test. The fuse needs to withstand Imax, and the test checks thermal stability of the SPD (after each duty cycle impulse bringing the SPD up to its maximum continuous operating voltage MCOV) and its physical condition。 I nominal: The crest value of the current through the SPD having a current waveshape of 8/20. UL: I nominal test is similar to the IEC’s, however, the I nominal results do not link to a Up value (a value used internationally for electrical coordination). Instead, UL uses I nominal to determine a product’s Voltage Protection Rating (VPR). Levels are limited to a maximum of 20 kA. The SPD remains functional after 15 surges. IEC: Does not limit I nominal testing to 20kA, however, the manufacturer’s selected In level is used to get a Up value, a value considered to be the protective performance of the SPD. This value is used for electrical coordination(ratings of building wire, equipment). Therefore the goal of the manufacturer is to try to attain the highest Inominal level with the lowest Up results. Many manufactures opt to only test as high as 20 kA so they will appear to have a low Up. Class versus category UL: UL Type designation is a location designator with a difference to the way I nominal is tested (for device which provides SCCR needs to be included and survive when doing I nominal testing). IEC: Designates certain tests as a class I, II, or III. Class designation between I and II has to do with the impulse applied – Class I; an I imp test (10×350) and a class II – 8 x 20 μs. The IEC designates certain tests as a class I, II, or III and can beconfused with UL’s Type I, II, III, or IV designations. There is some validity to both identifying the product’s approved installation location (UL) and applying a more robust impulse/waveform to those products that will be installed in harsher locations (IEC). Waveforms: A graph of an impulse wave that shows its shape and changes in amplitude with time. UL: Recognizes the 8 x 20 μs waveform. IEC: The IEC incorporates 2 waveforms into their test, the 8 x 20 μs which is used for class II testing to represent surges induced onto power lines. And the 10 x 350 μs waveform which is used for class I testing that represents partial or direct lightning currents (due to building or power line strikes).The IEC also uses other ring wave type waveforms for point of use (class III) tests.

How do I know which is the correct surge protection device that must be installed?

Choosing the right surge arrester(s) is a key factor to guarantee correct protection of the installation. A poorly designed Lightning & Surge protection system may lead to early ageing of the SPD and potential failure of the protective devices in the installation allowing damage to the primary systems up stream, thus defeating the rationale behind the protection being installed Prosurge does not provide a set of rules and guides to support acorrect design of the protection system according to the application. However we follow the IEC and UL lightning and surge protection standards. With this in mind we provide a cascaded system as laid down in the rules of the standard, not the rules of Prosurge. In the field of industrial applications, a standard practice is to install a cascaded protection system based on several coordinated protective devices installed at different stages (LPZ’s). The benefit of this strategy is the fact that it allows a high discharge capacity close to the installation entrance along with a low residual voltage (level of protection) at the main incomer of installation of sensitive equipment. The design of such a protective system is, amongst other factors, based on the assessment of information such as existence of a lightning rod (Lightning Protection System) and type of incoming power supply lines, secondary primary equipment and data systems. The solutions provide protection against either Transient or Permanent (TOV) overvoltages or against both of them (T+P) simultaneously. The final product choice depends on parameters such as: type of installation, type of network disconnection (operation on MCB or RCD), auto reclosing, breaking capacity, etc. Usually you can refer IEC61643- Low-voltage surge protective devices – Part 12:Surge protective devices connected to low-voltage power distribution systems -Selection and application principles

Can lightning destroy the photovoltaic system?

Photovoltaic systems are technologically highly sensitive and a direct lightning strike would definitely destroy it. There is also yet another hazard,as a lightning strike could create surge voltage near the solar power system and these surge voltages can also destroy the system. The inverter is the primary point in need of protection. Usually, inverters will integrate surge-voltage protectors into their inverters. However, since these components only discharge small voltage peaks, you should consider using surge protective devices (SPD) in individual cases.

Are joule ratings a specification used for SPD?

In the past, some manufacturers have used joule ratings in their specifications. They are not considered a good indicator for SPD performance and not recognized by any standard organizations. Prosurge doesn’t support this specification also.

Is “Response Time”a valid specification?

Response time specifications are not supported by any standards organizations overseeing Surge Protective Devices.IEEE C62.62 Standard Test Specification for SPDs specifically mentions it should not be used as a specification.

What are the different power systems in use in the US and what are the protection needs for each?

The US power distribution system is a TN-C-S system. This implies that the Neutral and Ground conductors are bonded at the service entrance of each, and every, facility or separately derived sub-system. This means that the neutral-to-ground (N-G) protection mode within a multi-mode SPD installed at the service entrance panel is basically redundant. Further from this N-G bondpoint, such as in branch distribution panels, the need for this additional mode of protection is more warranted. In addition to the N-G protection mode, some SPDs can include line-to-neutral (L-N) and line-to-line (L-L) protection. On a three phase WYE system, the need for L-L protection is questionable as balanced L-N protection also provides a measure of protection on the L-L conductors. Changes to the 2002 edition of the National Electrical Code® (NEC®) (www.nfpa.org) have precluded the use of SPDs on ungrounded delta power distribution systems. Behind this rather broad statement is the intention that SPDs should not be connected L-G as by so doing these modes of protection are creating pseudo grounds to the floating system. Modes of protection connected L-L are however acceptable.The high-leg delta system is a grounded system and as such allows for protection modes to be connected L-L and L-N or L-G.

How does installation affect the performance of SPDs?

The installation of SPDs is often poorly understood. A good SPD, incorrectly installed, can prove of little benefit in real-life surge conditions. The very high rate-of-change of current, typical of a surge transient, will develop significant volt drops on the leads connecting the SPD to the panel or equipment being protected. This can mean higher than desired voltages reaching the equipment during such a surge condition. Prosurge suggests that measures to counteract this effect include locating the SPD so as to keep interconnecting lead lengths as short as possible, twisting these leads together. Using a heavier gauge AWG cable helps to some extent but this is only a second order effect. It is also important to keep protected and unprotected circuits and leads separate to avoid cross coupling of transient energy.

What is a practical surge rating for service entrance protection?

This is a difficult question and depends on many aspects including – site exposure, regional is okeraunic levels and utility supply. A statistical study of lightning strike probability reveals that the average lightning discharge is between 30 and 40kA, while only 10% of lightning discharges exceed 100kA. Given that a strike to a transmission feeder is likely to share the total current received into anumber of distribution paths, the reality of the surge current entering a facility can be very much less than that of the lightning strike which precipitate it. The ANSI/IEEE C62.41.1-2002 standard seeks to characterize the electrical environment at different locations throughout a facility. It defines the service entrance location as between a B and C environment, meaning that surge currents up to 10kA 8/20 can be experienced in such locations. This said,SPDs located in such environments are often rated above such levels to provide a suitable operating life expectancy, 100kA/phase being typical.

What are surges transients, and temporary over-voltages, and what are their typical characteristics?

Although often used as separate terms in the surge industry, Transients and Surges are the same phenomenon. Transients and Surges can be current, voltage, or both and can have peak values in excess of 10kA or 10kV. They are typically of very short duration (usually >10 µs & <1 ms), with a waveform that has a very rapid rise to the peak and then falls off at a much slower rate. Transients and Surges can be caused by external sources such as lightning or a short circuit, or from internal sources such as Contactor switching, Variable Speed Drives, Capacitor switching, etc. Temporary over voltages (TOVs) are oscillatory phase-to-ground or phase-to-phase over voltages that can last as little as a few seconds or as long as several minutes. Sources of TOV’s include fault reclosing, load switching, ground impedance shifts,single-phase faults and ferroresonance effects to name a few. Due to their potentially high voltage and long duration, TOV’s can be very detrimental to MOV-based SPD’s. An extended TOV can cause permanent damage to an SPD and render the unit inoperable. Note that while UL 1449 (3rd Edition) ensures that the SPD will not create a safety hazard under these conditions, SPDs are not designed to protect against TOVs.

Do SPDs protect against direct lightning strikes?

A direct lighting strike is the most powerful and difficult surge to protect against. Prosurge recommend that Proper grounding and bonding of the electrical system and employing proper surge protection can protect sensitive equipment. A SPD with a higher single surge current rating will perform best against this type of event, if the unit is properly installed and the grounding system is adequate.The maximum single withstand surge current rating is defined in IEEE SPD Standard C62.62.

What is Suppressed Voltage Rating (SVR) and Voltage Protection Rating (VPR)?

SVR was part of an earlier version of UL 1449 Edition and is no longer used in the UL 1449 standard. The SVR was replaced by VPR. VPR is part of the UL 1449 3rd Edition and is the clamping performance data for SPDs. Each SPD mode is subjected to a 6kV/3kA combination surge wave and its measured clamping value is rounded up to the nearest value based on table 63.1 from UL 1449 3rd Edition.

How are SPDs related to UL 96A?

UL 96A is the standard for Lightning Protection systems. For a building to meet UL 96A is must have a Type 1 SPD with a Nominal Discharge Current rating of 20kA installed at the service entrance.

How does a Type 1 SPD compare to a Type 2 SPD?

Some key differences between Type 1 and Type 2 SPDs are: External Overcurrent Protection. Type 2 SPDs may require external overcurrent protection or it may be included within the SPD. Type 1 SPDs generally include overcurrent protection within the SPD or other means to satisfy the requirements of the standard; thus, Type 1 SPDs and Type 2 SPDs that do not require external overcurrent protection devices eliminate the potential for installing an incorrectly rated (mismatched) overcurrent protection device with the SPD. Nominal Discharge Current Ratings. Available Nominal Discharge Current (In) ratings of Type 1 SPDs are 10 kA or 20 kA; whereas, Type 2 SPDs may have 3 kA , 5 kA, 10 kA or 20 kA Nominal Discharge Current ratings. UL 1283 EMI/RFI Filtering. Some UL 1449 Listed SPDs include filter circuits that have been evaluated as a UL 1283 (Standard for Electromagnetic Interference Filters) filter. These are complimentary UL Listed as a UL 1283 filter and a UL 1449 SPD. By definition and the scope of UL 1283, UL 1283 Listed filters are evaluated for load-side applications only, not line-side applications. Consequently, UL will not complimentary list a Type 1 SPD as a UL 1283 Listed filter. However, a Type 1 SPD might include a UL 1283 filter as a Recognized Component within a Listed Type 1 SPD, which has been fully evaluated for lineside usage. Manufacturers of such products generally offer the identical SPD as a Type 2 UL 1449 Listed SPD with complimentary Listing as a UL 1283 Listed filter. Capacitors. Capacitors utilized in Type 1 SPDs may be evaluated for safety differently than in Type 2 SPDs. All capacitors in Type 1 SPD applications are evaluated to UL 810 (Standard for Capacitors). This includes filtering capacitors referenced above in UL 1283 (Standard for Electromagnetic Interference Filters) applications. Capacitors in Type 2 SPDs are evaluated to UL 1414 (Standard for Capacitors and Suppressors for Radio- and Television-Type Appliances) and/or UL 1283 (Standard for Electromagnetic Interference Filters).

What are the UL SPD Type categories and what do they mean?

Type 1 SPDs (Listed) – Permanently connected, hard-wired SPDs intended for installation between the secondary of the service transformer and the line side of the main service equipment overcurrent protective device, as well as the load side of the main service equipment (i.e. Type 1’s can be installed anywhere within the distribution system). Type 1 SPDs include watt-hour meter socket enclosure type SPDs. Being on the line side of the service disconnect where there are no overcurrent protective devices to protect an SPD, Type 1 SPDs must be listed without the use of an external overcurrent protective device. The Nominal Discharge Current Rating for Type 1 SPDs is either 10kA or 20kA. Type 2 SPDs (Listed) – Permanently connected, hard-wired SPDs intended for installation on the load side of the main service equipment overcurrent protective device. These SPDs may also be installed at the main service equipment, but must be installed on the load side of the main service overcurrent protective device. Type 2 SPDs may or may not require an overcurrent protection device per their NRTL listing. If a specific overcurrent protection is required, the SPD’s NRTL listing file and labeling/instructions are required to note the size and type of overcurrent protective device. Note: In some cases the overcurrent protective device used can impact the nominal discharge rating of the SPD. For example, the SPD may have a 10 kA nominal discharge current rating when protected by a 30 Amp circuit breaker and a 20 kA nominal discharge current rating when protected by a different but specific make and model of overcurrent protection device. The Nominal Discharge Current Rating for Type 2 SPDs is 3 kA, 5 kA, 10 kA, or 20 kA. Type 3 SPDs (Listed) – These SPDs are called, ‘Point of Utilization SPDs’, which are to be installed at a minimum conductor length of 10 meter (30 feet) from the electrical service panel unless they are evaluated at Type 2 SPDs (that is, they receive a Nominal Discharge Current Rating of 3 kA minimum). Typically, these are cord-connected surge strips, direct plug-in SPDs, or receptacle-type SPDs installed at the utilization equipment being protected (i.e. computers, copy machines, etc.). Type 1, 2, 3 Component Assembly SPDs (Component Recognized) – These SPDs are intended to be factory installed into electrical distribution equipment or end-use equipment. These are Recognized Component SPDs evaluated for use in Type 1, 2 or 3 SPD applications. Such component SPDs must pass all the same electrical safety failure tests as listed Type 1, 2 or 3 SPDs. While these SPDs are 100% compliant from a safety failure testing point of view, these Type 1, 2 and 3 component assembly SPDs have conditions of acceptability such as exposed terminals or other mechanical construction that requires them to be installed or housed within a listed assembly to provide protection from exposure to live parts or other requirements. These Type 1, 2 or 3 Recognized Component SPDs should not be confused with ANSI/UL 1449-2006 Type 4 Component Assemblies and Type 5 discrete SPD components that require additional components (possibly safety disconnectors), design and testing in order to be used as a complete surge protective device. Type 4 Component Assembly SPD (Component Recognized) –– These component assemblies consist of one or more Type 5 SPD components together with a disconnector (integral or external) or a means of complying with the limited current tests in UL 1449, Section 39.4. These are incomplete SPD assemblies, which typically are installed in listed end-use products as long as all conditions of acceptability are met. These Type 4 component assemblies are incomplete as an SPD, require further evaluation and are not permitted to be installed in the field as a stand-alone SPD. Often, these devices require additional overcurrent protection. Type 5 SPD (Component Recognized) – Discrete component surge protection devices, such as MOVs that may be mounted on a printed wiring board, connected by its leads or provided within an enclosure with mounting means and wiring terminations. These Type 5 SPD components are incomplete as an SPD, require further evaluation and are not permitted to be installed in the field as a stand-alone SPD. Type 5 SPDs are generally the components used in the design and construction of complete SPDs or other SPD assemblies.

What is the UL Short Circuit Current Rating (SCCR)?

SSCR-Short Circuit Current Rating. The suitability of an SPD for use on an AC power circuit that is capable of delivering not more than a declared rms symmetrical current at a declared voltage during a short circuit condition. SCCR is not the same as AIC (Amp Interrupting Capacity). SCCR is the amount of “available”current that the SPD can be subjected to and safely disconnect from the power source under short circuit conditions. The amount of current “interrupted” by the SPD is typically significantly less than the “available” current. UL 1449 and the National Electric Code (NEC) require the SCCR (Short Circuit Current Rating) to be marked on all SPD units. It is not a surge rating, but the maximum allowable current a SPD can interrupt in the event of failure. The NEC/UL has a requirement that the SPD be tested and labelled with a SCCR equal to, or greater than the available fault current at that point in the system.

What is important when specifying SPD?

When specifying SPD, submit a clear, concise specification detailing the required performance and design features. A minimum specification should include: • UL surge rating • Suppression rating • Short circuit rating • Peak surge current per mode (L-N, L-G, and N-G) • voltage and configuration of electrical service

What is a Surge Protective Device or Surge Arrestor (SPD)?

SPD is a device designed to limit surge energy to electrical equipment. It does this by diverting or limiting surge current. An SPD is wired in parallel to the equipment it is intended to protect. Once the surge voltage exceeds its designed rating it “begins to clamp” and starts to conduct energy directly to the electrical grounding system. An SPD has a very low resistance during this time and “shorts” the energy to ground. Once the surge is over it “opens” up, so it does not trigger upstream circuit breakers.

FAQ - Prosurge

Q: Do SPDs protect against direct lightning strikes?

A direct lighting strike is the most powerful and difficult surge to protect against. Prosurge recommend that Proper grounding and bonding of the electrical system and employing proper surge protection can protect sensitive equipment. A SPD with a higher single surge current rating will perform best against this type of event, if the unit is properly installed and the grounding system is adequate.The maximum single withstand surge current rating is defined in IEEE SPD Standard C62.62.

Kumaha kuring milih ditangtoskeun Prosurge SPD pikeun aplikasi kuring?prosurge2017-10-31T17:34:33+08:00

Kumaha kuring milih ditangtoskeun Prosurge SPD pikeun aplikasi kuring?

Padahal urang coba pangalusna kami pikeun nawiskeun hiji, presentasi produk teleb éksténsif dina ramatloka urang, katalog na dokumén lianna, urang yakin kalawan cara anu pangalusna pikeun modél milih téh konsultasi kalayan kami kalawan sarat anjeun lajeng profésional bakal nyarankeun model cocok urang.

Naon ANSI / UL 1449 Edition Katilu versus IEC 61643-1 - Beda Key Dina Tésprosurge2017-10-31T17:29:56+08:00

Naon ANSI / UL 1449 Edition Katilu versus IEC 61643-1 - Beda Key Dina Tés

handap examines sababaraha tina béda konci antara test diperlukeun Underwriters Laboratorium urang alat pelindung surge (SPDs); ANSI / UL 1449 Edition Katilu jeung Komisi International Electrotechnical (IEC) uji diperlukeun pikeun SPDs, IEC 61643-1.

Pondok Circuit Peunteun Ayeuna (SCCR): The kapasitas ayeuna kalayan numana dites SPD bisa tahan di terminal tempat disambungkeun, tanpa breaching dipager dina cara naon baé.

UL: tés éta produk pinuh dina dua kali tegangan nominal ningali lamun sakabéh produk sagemblengna offline. Sakabéh produk (sakumaha shipped) ieu dites; kaasup varistors logam oksida (MOVs).

IEC: Test ukur Sigana di terminal jeung sambungan fisik pikeun nangtukeun lamun maranehna cukup tahan pikeun nanganan sesar teh. MOVs anu diganti ku block tambaga jeung sekering dianjurkeun produsén urang ieu disimpen di-garis (éksternal ka alat nu).

Imax: Per IEC 61643-1 - Nilai crest of a ayeuna ngaliwatan SPD ngabogaan hiji 8 / 20 waveshape jeung gedena nurutkeun urutan test tina kelas II test tugas operasi.

UL: Teu ngakuan butuh hiji test Imax.

IEC: Tés siklus tugas operasi dianggo pikeun ningkat dugi ka titik Imax (ditangtukeun ku pabrikna). Ieu dimaksudkeun pikeun mendakan "titik buta" dina desain nalika ngalaman dorongan tingkat luhur. Ieu dilakukeun salaku harepan hirup atanapi tés kuat. Sekering kedah tahan Imax, sareng tés cek stabilitas termal tina SPD (saatos unggal dorong siklus tugas ngajantenkeun SPD dugi ka voltase operasi maksimum na MCOV) sareng kaayaan fisik na。

Kuring nominal: Nilai crest sahiji ayeuna ngaliwatan SPD gaduh waveshape kiwari 8 / 20.

UL: I test nominal mirip jeung IEC urang kitu, kuring hasil nominal teu numbu ka nilai Up (a nilai dipaké sacara internasional pikeun koordinasi listrik). Gantina, UL migunakeun I nominal keur nangtukeun hiji produk urang tegangan Protection Peunteun (VPR). Tingkat nu dugi ka maksimum 20 Ka. The SPD tetep hanca sanggeus 15 surges.

IEC: Teu ngawatesan I nguji nominal keur 20kA kitu, produsén urang dipilih Dina tingkat anu dipaké pikeun meunangkeun nilai Up, hiji nilai dianggap kinerja pelindung of SPD anu. nilai ieu dipaké pikeun koordinasi listrik (ratings ngawangun kawat, alat-alat).

Kituna tujuan produsén anu nyoba attain tingkat Inominal pangluhurna jeung panghandapna Up hasilna. Loba manufactures milih ngan test saluhur 20 Ka ngarah moal kaciri boga Up low.

Kelas versus kategori

UL: UL Tipe designation mangrupakeun designator lokasi sareng bédana jeung cara kuring nominal keur dites (pikeun alat nu nyadiakeun SCCR perlu kaasup jeung salamet lamun ngalakukeun I nguji nominal).

IEC: Nunjukkeun tés tangtu salaku kelas I, II, atanapi III. Tunjuk kelas antara I sareng II aya hubunganana sareng dorongan anu diterapkeun - Kelas I; tés I imp (10 × 350) sareng kelas II - 8 x 20 μs.

The IEC designates tés tangtu salaku kelas I, II, atanapi III sarta bisa beconfused kalawan UL urang Tipe I, II, III, atanapi rancangan IV. Aya sababaraha validitas mun duanana identifying lokasi produk urang instalasi disatujuan (UL) jeung nerapkeun langkung mantap dorongan / gelombang maranéhanana produk anu bakal dipasang di lokasi harsher (IEC).

Gelombang: A grafik ngeunaan hiji gelombang dorongan nu nembongkeun bentuk sarta parobahan amplitudo jeung waktu.

UL: sadar ku 8 x 20 μs gelombang.

IEC: The IEC incorporates 2 gelombang kana uji maranéhanana, dina 8 x 20 μs nu digunakeun pikeun nguji kelas II keur ngagambarkeun surges ngainduksi onto garis kakuatan. Jeung 10 x 350 μs gelombang nu dipaké pikeun kelas I nguji yén ngagambarkeun parsial atanapi langsung arus kilat (alatan wangunan atanapi garis kakuatan panarajangan) .The IEC ogé migunakeun gelombang tipe gelombang ring séjén pikeun point of pamakéan (kelas III) tés.

Kumaha kuring nyaho nu alat panyalindungan surge bener yén kudu dipasang?prosurge2017-10-31T17:28:05+08:00

Kumaha kuring nyaho nu alat panyalindungan surge bener yén kudu dipasang?

Milih arrester surge anu pas mangrupikeun faktor konci pikeun ngajamin panyalindungan anu leres tina pamasangan. Sistem panyalindungan Kilat & Lonjakan anu henteu dirancang tiasa nyababkeun sepuh mimiti SPD sareng kagagalan poténsial alat panyalindungan dina pamasangan ngamungkinkeun karusakan sistem primér nepi aliran, sahingga ngéléhkeun alesan dina panyalindungan anu dipasang

Prosurge teu nyadiakeun susunan aturan jeung nungtun kana ngarojong acorrect desain sistem panyalindungan nurutkeun aplikasina. Najan kitu urang turutan IEC na UL kilat jeung surge standar panyalindungan. Kalawan ieu dina pikiran urang nyadiakeun sistem cascaded sakumaha diteundeun handap dina aturan nu baku, henteu aturan Prosurge.

Dina widang aplikasi industri, prakték baku nyaeta masang sistem panyalindungan cascaded dumasar kana sababaraha alat pelindung ngagabung dipasang dina hambalan béda (LPZ urang). Kauntungan strategi ieu kanyataan yén hal ieu ngamungkinkeun kapasitas ngurangan tinggi deukeut jeung lawang instalasi sapanjang ku tegangan residual low (tingkat panyalindungan) di incomer utama pamasangan alat nu sensitip.

Desain sistem pelindung misalna téh, di antarana faktor sejen, dumasar kana éta assessment inpormasi kayaning ayana hiji rod kilat (kilat System Protection) jeung tipe garis catu daya asup, alat-alat primér sékundér jeung sistem data.

Solusi méré panangtayungan ngalawan boh permanén (TOV) overvoltages fana atanapi atanapi ngalawan duanana (T + P) sakaligus.

Pilihan produk ahir gumantung kana parameter kayaning: tipe instalasi, tipeu disconnection jaringan (operasi on MCB atanapi RCD), otomatis reclosing, kapasitas megatkeun, jsb

Biasana anjeun tiasa ngarujuk IEC61643- Alat panyalindungan gelombang-voltase handap - Bagéan 12: Alat pelindung surge anu disambungkeun sareng sistem distribusi kakuatan-voltase rendah -Pilihan sareng prinsip aplikasi

Tiasa kilat ngancurkeun Sistim photovoltaic?prosurge2017-10-31T17:26:31+08:00

Tiasa kilat ngancurkeun Sistim photovoltaic?

Sistem Photovoltaic anu technologically kacida sénsitip sarta jurus kilat langsung pasti bakal ngancurkeun eta. Aya ogé acan bahya sejen, salaku jurus kilat bisa nyieun tegangan surge deukeut sistem listrik tanaga surya sarta tegangan surge ieu ogé bisa ngancurkeun sistim. inverter mangrupa titik primér merlukeun panyalindungan. Biasana, inverters bakal ngahijikeun protectors surge-tegangan kana inverters maranéhanana. Sanajan kitu, ti komponén ieu ukur ngurangan puncak tegangan leutik, Anjeun kudu mertimbangkeun ngagunakeun alat pelindung surge (SPD) dina kasus individual.

Dupi ratings joule hiji spésifikasi dipaké pikeun SPD?prosurge2017-10-31T17:25:41+08:00

Dupi ratings joule hiji spésifikasi dipaké pikeun SPD?

Nu geus kaliwat, sababaraha pabrik geus dipaké ratings joule dina spésifikasi maranéhanana. Aranjeunna teu dianggap indikator alus keur pagelaran SPD teu dipikawanoh ku sagala organisasi standar. Prosurge teu ngarojong spésifikasi ieu ogé.

Nyaéta spésifikasi valid "Tanggapan Time"?prosurge2017-10-31T17:24:47+08:00

Nyaéta spésifikasi valid "Tanggapan Time"?

Respon spésifikasi waktos teu dirojong ku sagala organisasi standar overseeing surge palindung Devices.IEEE C62.62 Standar Test spésifikasi SPDs husus nyebutkeun sakuduna henteu dipaké saperti spésifikasi a.

Naon sistem kakuatan béda dina pamakéan di AS jeung naon kaperluan perlindungan pikeun tiap?prosurge2017-10-31T17:23:39+08:00

Naon sistem kakuatan béda dina pamakéan di AS jeung naon kaperluan perlindungan pikeun tiap?

Sistem distribusi kakuatan AS nyaeta sistem TN-CS. Ieu ngakibatkeun yén nétral jeung Ground konduktor anu kabeungkeut dina lawang jasa unggal, sarta unggal, fasilitas atawa misah turunan sub-sistem. Ieu ngandung harti yén (Ng) mode panyalindungan nétral-to-taneuh dina hiji SPD multi-mode dipasang di panel jasa lawang anu dasarna kaleuleuwihan. Salajengna tina bondpoint Ng ieu, kayaning di panels distribution Cabang, butuh mode tambahan ieu panyalindungan anu leuwih warranted. Sajaba mode panyalindungan Ng, sababaraha SPDs bisa ngawengku jalur-ka-nétral (LN) jeung garis-to-garis (LL) panyalindungan. Dina sistem WYE tilu fase, butuh perlindungan LL nyaeta questionable salaku panyalindungan LN saimbang ogé nyadiakeun ukuran panyalindungan dina konduktor LL.
Parobahan édisi 2002 tina listrik Code® Nasional (NEC®) (www.nfpa.org) geus precluded pamakéan SPDs on sistim distribusi daya ungrounded délta. Balik pernyataan rada lega ieu téh niat nu SPDs teu kudu nyambung LG sakumaha ku kitu lakukeun modus ieu panyalindungan keur nyieun grounds pseudo kana sistem ngambang. Modus panyalindungan disambungkeun LL nu kumaha ogé acceptable.The Sistim délta-leg tinggi nyaéta sistem grounded na kawas kitu ngamungkinkeun pikeun modus panyalindungan bisa disambungkeun LL jeung LN atanapi LG.

Kumaha carana sangkan instalasi mangaruhan kinerja SPDs?prosurge2017-10-31T17:19:51+08:00

Kumaha carana sangkan instalasi mangaruhan kinerja SPDs?

Pamasangan SPDs mindeng kirang dipikaharti. A SPD alus, leres dipasang, bisa ngabuktikeun ngeunaan saeutik benefit dina kondisi surge real-hirup. Pisan tinggi laju-of-change of ayeuna, has a fana surge, bakal ngamekarkeun volt signifikan pakait dina ngawujud ngahubungkeun SPD ka panel atawa pakakas keur cipta. Ieu bisa hartosna luhur batan tegangan dipikahoyong ngahontal parabot salila misalna hiji kaayaan surge. Prosurge nunjukkeun yen ukuran pikeun counteract éfék ieu ngawengku locating SPD anu kituna tetep interconnecting kalungguhan tebih salaku pondok-gancang, twisting ngawujud ieu babarengan. Maké gauge sambungan kabel AWG heavier mantuan pikeun extent sababaraha tapi ieu ngan éfék urutan kadua. Éta ogé penting tetep sirkuit dijagi tur dijagi sarta ngabalukarkeun misah ulah gandeng cross énergi fana.

Naon téh rating surge praktis pikeun panangtayungan jasa lawang?prosurge2017-10-31T17:17:34+08:00

Naon téh rating surge praktis pikeun panangtayungan jasa lawang?

Ieu patarosan susah jeung gumantung kana loba aspék kaasup - paparan loka, régional nyaeta tingkat okeraunic jeung suplai utiliti. Hiji studi statistik tina probability kilat neunggeul mangka yén rata kilat ngurangan nyaeta antara 30 na 40kA, bari ukur 10% tina discharges kilat ngaleuwihan 100kA. Nunjukkeun yen hiji neunggeul ka feeder transmisi kamungkinan pikeun ngabagikeun total ayeuna narima kana anumber sahiji jalur distribusi, realitas arus surge ngasupkeun fasilitas a tiasa pisan kirang ti éta tina jurus kilat nu endapanana eta.

The ANSI / IEEE C62.41.1-2002 baku nyiar characterize lingkungan listrik di lokasi béda sakuliah fasilitas a. Ieu ngahartikeun lokasi lawang layanan saperti antara a b jeung lingkunganana C, hartina surge arus nepi ka 10kA 8 / 20 bisa ngalaman di lokasi misalna. Ieu ngomong SPDs lokasina di lingkung sapertos anu sering dipeunteun luhur tingkat sapertos nyadiakeun hiji harepan hirup operasi merenah, 100kA / fase mahluk has.

Naon surges transients, sarta samentara leuwih-tegangan, jeung naon ciri has maranéhanana?prosurge2017-10-31T17:16:14+08:00

Naon surges transients, sarta samentara leuwih-tegangan, jeung naon ciri has maranéhanana?

Sanaos sering dianggo salaku istilah anu misah dina industri gelombang, Transién sareng Lonjakan mangrupikeun kajadian anu sami. Transien sareng Lonjakan tiasa ayeuna, voltase, atanapi duanana sareng tiasa gaduh nilai puncak langkung ti 10kA atanapi 10kV. Éta biasana lilana pondok pisan (biasana> 10 &s & <1 md), kalayan bentuk gelombang anu naék pisan gancang ka puncak teras turun dina tingkat anu langkung laun. Transién sareng Lonjakan tiasa disababkeun ku sumber luar sapertos kilat atanapi sirkuit pondok, atanapi tina sumber internal sapertos kontaktor switching, Variable Speed Drives, Capacitor switching, jst.

Samentara leuwih tegangan (TOVs) mangrupakeun oscillatory fase-to-taneuh atawa fase-to-fase leuwih tegangan nu bisa lepas sakumaha saeutik jadi sababaraha detik atawa salami sababaraha menit. Sumber tina TOV urang kaasup reclosing lepat, beban switching, shifts impedansi taneuh, faults-fase tunggal jeung épék ferroresonance ka sawatara ngaran. Alatan tegangan berpotensi tinggi maranéhanana jeung durasi lila, TOV urang tiasa pisan detrimental ka MOV basis SPD urang. Hiji TOV ngalegaan bisa ngabalukarkeun karuksakan permanén ka SPD sarta ngarobah unit inoperable. Catet yén bari UL 1449 (3rd Edition) ensures yén SPD moal nyieun hiji bahya kaamanan dina kaayaan ieu, SPDs teu dirancang ngajaga ngalawan TOVs.

Ulah SPDs ngajaga ngalawan panarajangan kilat langsung?prosurge2017-10-31T17:13:42+08:00

Ulah SPDs ngajaga ngalawan panarajangan kilat langsung?

Hiji jurus cahaya langsung teh surge pangkuatna sarta hésé ngajaga ngalawan. Prosurge nyarankeun yén grounding ditangtoskeun tur beungkeutan ngeunaan sistem éléktrik sarta employing panyalindungan surge ditangtoskeun tiasa ngajaga alat nu sensitip. A SPD ku luhur tunggal surge rating ayeuna bakal nedunan pangalusna ngalawan tipe ieu acara, upami Unit ieu leres dipasang jeung sistem grounding nyaeta adequate.The maksimum hiji tahan surge rating ayeuna dirumuskeun dina IEEE SPD Standar C62.62.

Naon anu diteken tegangan Peunteun (SVR) jeung tegangan Peunteun Protection (VPR)?prosurge2017-10-31T17:10:31+08:00

Naon anu diteken tegangan Peunteun (SVR) jeung tegangan Peunteun Protection (VPR)?

SVR éta bagian tina pérsi saméméhna tina UL 1449 Edition na geus teu anéh dipaké dina standar UL 1449. The SVR diganti ku VPR.

VPR mangrupa bagian ti UL 1449 3rd Edition sarta mangrupa data kinerja clamping pikeun SPDs. Unggal mode SPD anu subjected ka 6kV / 3kA gelombang kombinasi surge jeung nilai clamping diukur na ieu rounded nepi ka nilai pangdeukeutna dumasar kana méja 63.1 ti UL 1449 3rd Edition.

Kumaha SPDs patali UL 96A?prosurge2017-10-31T17:05:54+08:00

Kumaha SPDs patali UL 96A?

UL 96A nyaéta standar pikeun sistim Protection kilat. Pikeun ngawangun papanggih UL 96A nyaeta kudu boga Tipe 1 SPD sareng nominal ngurangan rating Ayeuna sahiji 20kA dipasang di lawang jasa.

Kumaha carana sangkan hiji Tipe 1 SPD ngabandingkeun ka Type 2 SPD?prosurge2017-10-31T17:01:51+08:00

Kumaha carana sangkan hiji Tipe 1 SPD ngabandingkeun ka Type 2 SPD?

Sababaraha Bedana konci antara Tipe 1 na Tipe 2 SPDs téh:

Éksternal Overcurrent Protéksi. Ketik 2 SPDs bisa merlukeun overcurrent éksternal
panyalindungan atawa eta bisa jadi kaasup dina SPD. Ketik 1 SPDs umumna ngawengku
perlindungan overcurrent dina SPD atanapi sejenna sarana pikeun nyugemakeun sarat
standar; sahingga, Ketik 1 SPDs na Tipe 2 SPDs anu teu merlukeun éksternal
Alat panyalindungan overcurrent ngaleungitkeun potensi masang hiji leres
dipeunteun (mismatched) alat panyalindungan overcurrent kalawan SPD anu.
Nominal ngurangan Ratings Ayeuna. Sadia nominal ngurangan Ayeuna (Dina)
ratings of Tipe 1 SPDs anu 10 Ka atanapi 20 Ka; padahal, Tipe 2 SPDs mungkin gaduh 3
Ka, 5 Ka, 10 Ka atanapi 20 Ka nominal ngurangan ratings Ayeuna.
UL 1283 EMI / RFI Disaring. Sababaraha SPDs UL 1449 Didaptarkeun kaasup sirkuit filter
nu geus dievaluasi salaku UL 1283 (Standar keur Gangguan éléktromagnétis
Saringan) filter. Di handap ieu mangrupakeun UL complimentary Didaptarkeun salaku UL 1283 filter sarta UL
1449 SPD. Ku harti jeung lingkup UL 1283, UL 1283 saringan Didaptarkeun anu
dievaluasi pikeun aplikasi beban-sisi hijina, moal aplikasi garis-sisi.
Akibatna, UL moal daptar complimentary a Tipe 1 SPD salaku UL 1283 Didaptarkeun
filter. Sanajan kitu, a Tipe 1 SPD bisa ngawengku hiji UL 1283 filter salaku Diakuan
Komponén dina hiji Didaptarkeun Tipe 1 SPD, nu geus dievaluasi pinuh pikeun lineside
pamakéan. Pabrik produk misalna umumna nawarkeun idéntik SPD salaku
Ketik 2 UL 1449 Didaptarkeun SPD kalawan Listing complimentary salaku UL 1283 Didaptarkeun
filter.
Kapasitor. Kapasitor garapan di Tipe 1 SPDs bisa jadi dievaluasi pikeun kaamanan
béda ti di Tipe 2 SPDs. Kabéh kapasitor dina aplikasi SPD Tipe 1 anu
dievaluasi mun UL 810 (Standar pikeun Kapasitor). Ieu ngawengku nyaring kapasitor
referenced luhur di UL 1283 (Standar pikeun éléktromagnétik Saringan Interférensi)
aplikasi. Kapasitor dina Tipe 2 SPDs anu dievaluasi mun UL 1414 (Standar pikeun
Kapasitor sarta Suppressors pikeun Radio- sarta Télévisi-Tipe panerapan) jeung / atawa
UL 1283 (Standar pikeun éléktromagnétik Saringan Interférensi).

Naon nu sabaraha kategori UL SPD Tipe na naon anu maranéhna hartosna?prosurge2017-10-31T16:58:48+08:00

Naon nu sabaraha kategori UL SPD Tipe na naon anu maranéhna hartosna?

Ketik 1 SPDs (Didaptarkeun) - hubungkeun permanén, SPDs keras kabel dimaksudkeun pikeun
instalasi antara sekundér tina trafo jasa jeung samping garis utama
jasa parabot overcurrent alat pelindung, kitu ogé di sisi beban tina utama
alat-alat jasa (ie Tipe 1 urang bisa dipasang mana dina sebaran
Sistim). Ketik 1 SPDs kaasup watt-jam tipe méteran stop kontak dipager SPDs. Keur dina
samping garis tina mutuskeun jasa dimana aya euweuh lian pelindung overcurrent ka
ngajaga hiji SPD, Tipe 1 SPDs kudu didaptarkeun tanpa pamakéan hiji overcurrent éksternal
alat pelindung. The nominal ngurangan Peunteun Ayeuna keur Tipe 1 SPDs boh
10kA atanapi 20kA.

Ketik 2 SPDs (Didaptarkeun) - hubungkeun permanén, SPDs keras kabel dimaksudkeun pikeun
instalasi dina samping beban tina alat pelindung parabot jasa overcurrent utama.
SPDs ieu bisa ogé jadi dipasang dina parabot jasa utama, tapi kudu dipasang dina
sisi beban tina jasa utama overcurrent alat pelindung. Ketik 2 SPDs meureun atanapi meureun
teu merlukeun hiji alat panyalindungan overcurrent per Listing NRTL maranéhanana. Mun hiji husus
perlindungan overcurrent moderator, mangga file NRTL Listing nu SPD sarta panyiri / parentah
diwajibkeun catetan ukuran sarta jenis alat pelindung overcurrent. Catetan: Dina sababaraha
kasus di alat pelindung overcurrent dipaké bisa dampak nu rating ngurangan nominal tina
nu SPD. Contona, SPD anu bisa boga 10 Ka ngurangan nominal rating ayeuna
lamun ditangtayungan ku 30 amp circuit breaker sarta 20 Ka nominal ngurangan ayeuna
rating nalika ditangtayungan ku béda tapi husus make jeung modél overcurrent
alat panyalindungan. The nominal ngurangan Peunteun Ayeuna keur Tipe 2 SPDs nyaeta 3 Ka, 5
Ka, 10 Ka, atawa 20 Ka.

Ketik 3 SPDs (Didaptarkeun) - SPDs ieu disebut, 'Point of SPDs utilization', nu mangrupakeun mun
jadi dipasang dina hiji panjang konduktor minimum 10 méteran (30 suku) ti listrik
panel jasa iwal aranjeunna dievaluasi dina Tipe 2 SPDs (hal ieu aranjeunna nampi hiji nominal
Ngurangan Peunteun Ayeuna sahiji 3 Ka minimum). Ilaharna, ieu ari-hubungkeun surge
strips, langsung colokan-di SPDs, atawa ngawadahan-tipe SPDs dipasang dina parabot utilization
mahluk cipta (ie komputer, nyalin mesin, jsb).

Ketik 1, 2, 3 Cibalong Majelis SPDs (Cibalong Diakuan) - SPDs ieu
dimaksudkeun pikeun jadi pabrik dipasang kana alat-alat distribusi listrik atawa tungtung-pamakéan
alat-alat. Ieu téh Diakuan Cibalong SPDs dievaluasi keur dipake dina Tipe 1, 2 atanapi 3
aplikasi SPD. SPDs komponén misalna kudu lulus kabeh gagal kaamanan listrik sami
tés sakumaha didaptarkeun Tipe 1, 2 atanapi 3 SPDs. Bari SPDs ieu 100% patuh ti kaamanan a
titik nguji gagalna of view, Tipe 1, 2 na 3 komponén assembly SPDs ieu kudu
kaayaan keberterimaan kayaning terminal kakeunaan atawa konstruksi mékanis séjén
anu merlukeun éta bisa dipasang atawa housed dina hiji assembly didaptarkeun nyadiakeun panyalindungan
ti paparan ka hirup patempatan atawa sarat lianna. Jenis ieu 1, 2 atanapi 3 Diakuan
Komponén SPDs teu matak bingung jeung ANSI / UL 1449-2006 Tipe 4 komponén
Rakitan na Tipe 5 komponén diskrit SPD anu merlukeun komponén tambahan
(Jigana disconnectors kaamanan), rarancang jeung nguji guna dipaké salaku surge lengkep
alat pelindung.

Tipe 4 Cibalong Majelis SPD (Cibalong Diakuan) - komponén ieu
rakitan diwangun ku hiji atawa leuwih Tipe komponén 5 SPD bareng jeung disconnector a
(Integral atawa éksternal) atawa sarana complying jeung tés ayeuna kawates dina UL 1449,
Bagian 39.4. Ieu majelis SPD lengkep, nu ilaharna aya dipasang di
didaptarkeun tungtung-pamakéan produk salami sakabeh kaayaan keberterimaan anu patepung. Jenis ieu 4
rakitan komponén nu teu lengkep sakumaha hiji SPD, merlukeun evaluasi salajengna jeung henteu
diijinkeun bisa dipasang dina widang salaku SPD stand-nyalira. Mindeng, alat ieu merlukeun
perlindungan overcurrent tambahan.

Ketik 5 SPD (Cibalong Diakuan) - alat panyalindungan komponén surge Diskrit,
kayaning MOVs nu bisa jadi dipasang dina dewan wiring dicitak, disambung ku ngawujud na atawa
disadiakeun dina hiji dipager ku ningkatna hartosna sarta terminations wiring. Jenis ieu
komponén 5 SPD anu lengkep salaku hiji SPD, merlukeun evaluasi salajengna jeung henteu
diijinkeun bisa dipasang dina widang salaku SPD stand-nyalira. Ketik 5 SPDs umumna di
komponén dipaké dina rarancang jeung konstruksi SPDs lengkep atanapi SPD séjén
rakitan.

What is the UL Short Circuit Peunteun Ayeuna (SCCR)?prosurge2017-10-31T16:52:02+08:00

What is the UL Short Circuit Peunteun Ayeuna (SCCR)?

SSCR-pondok Circuit Peunteun Ayeuna. The suitability tina hiji SPD pikeun pamakéan dina hiji sirkuit listrik AC nu sanggup delivering moal leuwih ti hiji rms nyatakeun ayeuna simetris dina tegangan ngadéklarasikeun salila kaayaan circuit pondok. SCCR teu sarua AIC (amp Interrupting Kamampuh). SCCR nyaeta jumlah "aya" ayeuna nu SPD anu bisa subjected ka na aman megatkeun sambungan ti sumber kakuatan dina kaayaan circuit pondok. Jumlah ayeuna "interrupted" ku SPD ilaharna nyata kirang ti ayeuna "aya".

UL 1449 jeung Code Electric Nasional (NEC) merlukeun SCCR (Short Circuit Peunteun Ayeuna) bisa ditandaan dina sagala unit SPD. Teu a rating surge, tapi nu maksimum allowable ayeuna SPD anu bisa ngeureunkeun dina acara gagal. The NEC / UL boga sarat yén SPD anu diuji sarta dilabélan ku SCCR sarua, atawa leuwih gede dibandingkeun ayeuna lepat aya dina titik anu dina sistem.

Naon anu penting lamun nangtukeun SPD?prosurge2017-10-31T16:31:39+08:00

Naon anu penting lamun nangtukeun SPD?

Nalika nangtukeun SPD, ngalebetkeun hiji jelas, spésifikasi singket detailing kinerja jeung desain fitur nu diperlukeun. A spésifikasi minimum kedah ngawengku:

• rating surge UL

• rating suprési

• rating circuit Short

• Puncak surge ayeuna per mode (LN, LG, sarta ng)

• tegangan jeung konfigurasi tina jasa listrik

Naon téh surge Alat palindung atanapi surge Arrestor (SPD)?prosurge2017-10-31T16:30:05+08:00

Naon téh surge Alat palindung atanapi surge Arrestor (SPD)?

SPD mangrupakeun alat dirancang ngawatesan énergi surge jeung alat-alat listrik. Hancana ku Mindahkeun atanapi ngawatesan surge ayeuna. Hiji SPD anu kabel di sajajar jeung alat-alat eta dimaksudkeun pikeun ngajaga. Sakali tegangan surge ngaleuwihan rating na dirancang eta "dimimitian jeung clamp" tur dimimitian ku kana ngalaksanakeun énergi langsung ka sistem grounding listrik. Hiji SPD ngabogaan résistansi pisan low antukna na "kolor" énergi pikeun taneuh. Sakali surge anu leuwih deui "muka" up, jadi teu pemicu breakers circuit hulu.