How do I select a proper Prosurge SPD for my application?

Though we try our best to offer an extensive, thorough product presentation on our website, catalogs and other documents, we believe the best way for model selecting is to consult with us with your requirement and then our professional will recommend a suitable model.

What are ANSI/UL 1449 Third Edition Versus IEC 61643-1 – Key Differences In Testing

The following examines a few of the key differences between Underwriters Laboratory’s required test for surge protective devices (SPDs); ANSI/UL 1449 Third Edition and the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) required test for SPDs, IEC 61643-1. Short Circuit Current Rating (SCCR): The capacity of current with which the tested SPD can withstand at the terminals where connected, without breaching the enclosure in any way. UL: Tests the full product at twice the nominal voltage to see if entire product is completely offline. The entire product (as shipped) is tested; including metal oxide varistors (MOVs). IEC: Test only looks at the terminals and the physical connections to determine if they are robust enough to handle the fault. MOVs are replaced with a copper block and a manufacturer’s recommended fuse is placed in-line (external to the device). Imax: Per IEC 61643-1 – The crest value of a current through the SPD having an 8/20 waveshape and magnitude according to the test sequence of the class II operating duty test. UL: Does not recognize the need for an Imax test. IEC: An operating duty cycle test is used to ramp up to an Imax point (determined by the manufacturer). This is meant to find “blind points” within the design when subjected to a high level impulse. This is conducted as a life expectancy or robustness test. The fuse needs to withstand Imax, and the test checks thermal stability of the SPD (after each duty cycle impulse bringing the SPD up to its maximum continuous operating voltage MCOV) and its physical condition。 I nominal: The crest value of the current through the SPD having a current waveshape of 8/20. UL: I nominal test is similar to the IEC’s, however, the I nominal results do not link to a Up value (a value used internationally for electrical coordination). Instead, UL uses I nominal to determine a product’s Voltage Protection Rating (VPR). Levels are limited to a maximum of 20 kA. The SPD remains functional after 15 surges. IEC: Does not limit I nominal testing to 20kA, however, the manufacturer’s selected In level is used to get a Up value, a value considered to be the protective performance of the SPD. This value is used for electrical coordination(ratings of building wire, equipment). Therefore the goal of the manufacturer is to try to attain the highest Inominal level with the lowest Up results. Many manufactures opt to only test as high as 20 kA so they will appear to have a low Up. Class versus category UL: UL Type designation is a location designator with a difference to the way I nominal is tested (for device which provides SCCR needs to be included and survive when doing I nominal testing). IEC: Designates certain tests as a class I, II, or III. Class designation between I and II has to do with the impulse applied – Class I; an I imp test (10×350) and a class II – 8 x 20 μs. The IEC designates certain tests as a class I, II, or III and can beconfused with UL’s Type I, II, III, or IV designations. There is some validity to both identifying the product’s approved installation location (UL) and applying a more robust impulse/waveform to those products that will be installed in harsher locations (IEC). Waveforms: A graph of an impulse wave that shows its shape and changes in amplitude with time. UL: Recognizes the 8 x 20 μs waveform. IEC: The IEC incorporates 2 waveforms into their test, the 8 x 20 μs which is used for class II testing to represent surges induced onto power lines. And the 10 x 350 μs waveform which is used for class I testing that represents partial or direct lightning currents (due to building or power line strikes).The IEC also uses other ring wave type waveforms for point of use (class III) tests.

How do I know which is the correct surge protection device that must be installed?

Choosing the right surge arrester(s) is a key factor to guarantee correct protection of the installation. A poorly designed Lightning & Surge protection system may lead to early ageing of the SPD and potential failure of the protective devices in the installation allowing damage to the primary systems up stream, thus defeating the rationale behind the protection being installed Prosurge does not provide a set of rules and guides to support acorrect design of the protection system according to the application. However we follow the IEC and UL lightning and surge protection standards. With this in mind we provide a cascaded system as laid down in the rules of the standard, not the rules of Prosurge. In the field of industrial applications, a standard practice is to install a cascaded protection system based on several coordinated protective devices installed at different stages (LPZ’s). The benefit of this strategy is the fact that it allows a high discharge capacity close to the installation entrance along with a low residual voltage (level of protection) at the main incomer of installation of sensitive equipment. The design of such a protective system is, amongst other factors, based on the assessment of information such as existence of a lightning rod (Lightning Protection System) and type of incoming power supply lines, secondary primary equipment and data systems. The solutions provide protection against either Transient or Permanent (TOV) overvoltages or against both of them (T+P) simultaneously. The final product choice depends on parameters such as: type of installation, type of network disconnection (operation on MCB or RCD), auto reclosing, breaking capacity, etc. Usually you can refer IEC61643- Low-voltage surge protective devices – Part 12:Surge protective devices connected to low-voltage power distribution systems -Selection and application principles

Can lightning destroy the photovoltaic system?

Photovoltaic systems are technologically highly sensitive and a direct lightning strike would definitely destroy it. There is also yet another hazard,as a lightning strike could create surge voltage near the solar power system and these surge voltages can also destroy the system. The inverter is the primary point in need of protection. Usually, inverters will integrate surge-voltage protectors into their inverters. However, since these components only discharge small voltage peaks, you should consider using surge protective devices (SPD) in individual cases.

Are joule ratings a specification used for SPD?

In the past, some manufacturers have used joule ratings in their specifications. They are not considered a good indicator for SPD performance and not recognized by any standard organizations. Prosurge doesn’t support this specification also.

Is “Response Time”a valid specification?

Response time specifications are not supported by any standards organizations overseeing Surge Protective Devices.IEEE C62.62 Standard Test Specification for SPDs specifically mentions it should not be used as a specification.

What are the different power systems in use in the US and what are the protection needs for each?

The US power distribution system is a TN-C-S system. This implies that the Neutral and Ground conductors are bonded at the service entrance of each, and every, facility or separately derived sub-system. This means that the neutral-to-ground (N-G) protection mode within a multi-mode SPD installed at the service entrance panel is basically redundant. Further from this N-G bondpoint, such as in branch distribution panels, the need for this additional mode of protection is more warranted. In addition to the N-G protection mode, some SPDs can include line-to-neutral (L-N) and line-to-line (L-L) protection. On a three phase WYE system, the need for L-L protection is questionable as balanced L-N protection also provides a measure of protection on the L-L conductors. Changes to the 2002 edition of the National Electrical Code® (NEC®) (www.nfpa.org) have precluded the use of SPDs on ungrounded delta power distribution systems. Behind this rather broad statement is the intention that SPDs should not be connected L-G as by so doing these modes of protection are creating pseudo grounds to the floating system. Modes of protection connected L-L are however acceptable.The high-leg delta system is a grounded system and as such allows for protection modes to be connected L-L and L-N or L-G.

How does installation affect the performance of SPDs?

The installation of SPDs is often poorly understood. A good SPD, incorrectly installed, can prove of little benefit in real-life surge conditions. The very high rate-of-change of current, typical of a surge transient, will develop significant volt drops on the leads connecting the SPD to the panel or equipment being protected. This can mean higher than desired voltages reaching the equipment during such a surge condition. Prosurge suggests that measures to counteract this effect include locating the SPD so as to keep interconnecting lead lengths as short as possible, twisting these leads together. Using a heavier gauge AWG cable helps to some extent but this is only a second order effect. It is also important to keep protected and unprotected circuits and leads separate to avoid cross coupling of transient energy.

What is a practical surge rating for service entrance protection?

This is a difficult question and depends on many aspects including – site exposure, regional is okeraunic levels and utility supply. A statistical study of lightning strike probability reveals that the average lightning discharge is between 30 and 40kA, while only 10% of lightning discharges exceed 100kA. Given that a strike to a transmission feeder is likely to share the total current received into anumber of distribution paths, the reality of the surge current entering a facility can be very much less than that of the lightning strike which precipitate it. The ANSI/IEEE C62.41.1-2002 standard seeks to characterize the electrical environment at different locations throughout a facility. It defines the service entrance location as between a B and C environment, meaning that surge currents up to 10kA 8/20 can be experienced in such locations. This said,SPDs located in such environments are often rated above such levels to provide a suitable operating life expectancy, 100kA/phase being typical.

What are surges transients, and temporary over-voltages, and what are their typical characteristics?

Although often used as separate terms in the surge industry, Transients and Surges are the same phenomenon. Transients and Surges can be current, voltage, or both and can have peak values in excess of 10kA or 10kV. They are typically of very short duration (usually >10 µs & <1 ms), with a waveform that has a very rapid rise to the peak and then falls off at a much slower rate. Transients and Surges can be caused by external sources such as lightning or a short circuit, or from internal sources such as Contactor switching, Variable Speed Drives, Capacitor switching, etc. Temporary over voltages (TOVs) are oscillatory phase-to-ground or phase-to-phase over voltages that can last as little as a few seconds or as long as several minutes. Sources of TOV’s include fault reclosing, load switching, ground impedance shifts,single-phase faults and ferroresonance effects to name a few. Due to their potentially high voltage and long duration, TOV’s can be very detrimental to MOV-based SPD’s. An extended TOV can cause permanent damage to an SPD and render the unit inoperable. Note that while UL 1449 (3rd Edition) ensures that the SPD will not create a safety hazard under these conditions, SPDs are not designed to protect against TOVs.

Do SPDs protect against direct lightning strikes?

A direct lighting strike is the most powerful and difficult surge to protect against. Prosurge recommend that Proper grounding and bonding of the electrical system and employing proper surge protection can protect sensitive equipment. A SPD with a higher single surge current rating will perform best against this type of event, if the unit is properly installed and the grounding system is adequate.The maximum single withstand surge current rating is defined in IEEE SPD Standard C62.62.

What is Suppressed Voltage Rating (SVR) and Voltage Protection Rating (VPR)?

SVR was part of an earlier version of UL 1449 Edition and is no longer used in the UL 1449 standard. The SVR was replaced by VPR. VPR is part of the UL 1449 3rd Edition and is the clamping performance data for SPDs. Each SPD mode is subjected to a 6kV/3kA combination surge wave and its measured clamping value is rounded up to the nearest value based on table 63.1 from UL 1449 3rd Edition.

How are SPDs related to UL 96A?

UL 96A is the standard for Lightning Protection systems. For a building to meet UL 96A is must have a Type 1 SPD with a Nominal Discharge Current rating of 20kA installed at the service entrance.

How does a Type 1 SPD compare to a Type 2 SPD?

Some key differences between Type 1 and Type 2 SPDs are: External Overcurrent Protection. Type 2 SPDs may require external overcurrent protection or it may be included within the SPD. Type 1 SPDs generally include overcurrent protection within the SPD or other means to satisfy the requirements of the standard; thus, Type 1 SPDs and Type 2 SPDs that do not require external overcurrent protection devices eliminate the potential for installing an incorrectly rated (mismatched) overcurrent protection device with the SPD. Nominal Discharge Current Ratings. Available Nominal Discharge Current (In) ratings of Type 1 SPDs are 10 kA or 20 kA; whereas, Type 2 SPDs may have 3 kA , 5 kA, 10 kA or 20 kA Nominal Discharge Current ratings. UL 1283 EMI/RFI Filtering. Some UL 1449 Listed SPDs include filter circuits that have been evaluated as a UL 1283 (Standard for Electromagnetic Interference Filters) filter. These are complimentary UL Listed as a UL 1283 filter and a UL 1449 SPD. By definition and the scope of UL 1283, UL 1283 Listed filters are evaluated for load-side applications only, not line-side applications. Consequently, UL will not complimentary list a Type 1 SPD as a UL 1283 Listed filter. However, a Type 1 SPD might include a UL 1283 filter as a Recognized Component within a Listed Type 1 SPD, which has been fully evaluated for lineside usage. Manufacturers of such products generally offer the identical SPD as a Type 2 UL 1449 Listed SPD with complimentary Listing as a UL 1283 Listed filter. Capacitors. Capacitors utilized in Type 1 SPDs may be evaluated for safety differently than in Type 2 SPDs. All capacitors in Type 1 SPD applications are evaluated to UL 810 (Standard for Capacitors). This includes filtering capacitors referenced above in UL 1283 (Standard for Electromagnetic Interference Filters) applications. Capacitors in Type 2 SPDs are evaluated to UL 1414 (Standard for Capacitors and Suppressors for Radio- and Television-Type Appliances) and/or UL 1283 (Standard for Electromagnetic Interference Filters).

What are the UL SPD Type categories and what do they mean?

Type 1 SPDs (Listed) – Permanently connected, hard-wired SPDs intended for installation between the secondary of the service transformer and the line side of the main service equipment overcurrent protective device, as well as the load side of the main service equipment (i.e. Type 1’s can be installed anywhere within the distribution system). Type 1 SPDs include watt-hour meter socket enclosure type SPDs. Being on the line side of the service disconnect where there are no overcurrent protective devices to protect an SPD, Type 1 SPDs must be listed without the use of an external overcurrent protective device. The Nominal Discharge Current Rating for Type 1 SPDs is either 10kA or 20kA. Type 2 SPDs (Listed) – Permanently connected, hard-wired SPDs intended for installation on the load side of the main service equipment overcurrent protective device. These SPDs may also be installed at the main service equipment, but must be installed on the load side of the main service overcurrent protective device. Type 2 SPDs may or may not require an overcurrent protection device per their NRTL listing. If a specific overcurrent protection is required, the SPD’s NRTL listing file and labeling/instructions are required to note the size and type of overcurrent protective device. Note: In some cases the overcurrent protective device used can impact the nominal discharge rating of the SPD. For example, the SPD may have a 10 kA nominal discharge current rating when protected by a 30 Amp circuit breaker and a 20 kA nominal discharge current rating when protected by a different but specific make and model of overcurrent protection device. The Nominal Discharge Current Rating for Type 2 SPDs is 3 kA, 5 kA, 10 kA, or 20 kA. Type 3 SPDs (Listed) – These SPDs are called, ‘Point of Utilization SPDs’, which are to be installed at a minimum conductor length of 10 meter (30 feet) from the electrical service panel unless they are evaluated at Type 2 SPDs (that is, they receive a Nominal Discharge Current Rating of 3 kA minimum). Typically, these are cord-connected surge strips, direct plug-in SPDs, or receptacle-type SPDs installed at the utilization equipment being protected (i.e. computers, copy machines, etc.). Type 1, 2, 3 Component Assembly SPDs (Component Recognized) – These SPDs are intended to be factory installed into electrical distribution equipment or end-use equipment. These are Recognized Component SPDs evaluated for use in Type 1, 2 or 3 SPD applications. Such component SPDs must pass all the same electrical safety failure tests as listed Type 1, 2 or 3 SPDs. While these SPDs are 100% compliant from a safety failure testing point of view, these Type 1, 2 and 3 component assembly SPDs have conditions of acceptability such as exposed terminals or other mechanical construction that requires them to be installed or housed within a listed assembly to provide protection from exposure to live parts or other requirements. These Type 1, 2 or 3 Recognized Component SPDs should not be confused with ANSI/UL 1449-2006 Type 4 Component Assemblies and Type 5 discrete SPD components that require additional components (possibly safety disconnectors), design and testing in order to be used as a complete surge protective device. Type 4 Component Assembly SPD (Component Recognized) –– These component assemblies consist of one or more Type 5 SPD components together with a disconnector (integral or external) or a means of complying with the limited current tests in UL 1449, Section 39.4. These are incomplete SPD assemblies, which typically are installed in listed end-use products as long as all conditions of acceptability are met. These Type 4 component assemblies are incomplete as an SPD, require further evaluation and are not permitted to be installed in the field as a stand-alone SPD. Often, these devices require additional overcurrent protection. Type 5 SPD (Component Recognized) – Discrete component surge protection devices, such as MOVs that may be mounted on a printed wiring board, connected by its leads or provided within an enclosure with mounting means and wiring terminations. These Type 5 SPD components are incomplete as an SPD, require further evaluation and are not permitted to be installed in the field as a stand-alone SPD. Type 5 SPDs are generally the components used in the design and construction of complete SPDs or other SPD assemblies.

What is the UL Short Circuit Current Rating (SCCR)?

SSCR-Short Circuit Current Rating. The suitability of an SPD for use on an AC power circuit that is capable of delivering not more than a declared rms symmetrical current at a declared voltage during a short circuit condition. SCCR is not the same as AIC (Amp Interrupting Capacity). SCCR is the amount of “available”current that the SPD can be subjected to and safely disconnect from the power source under short circuit conditions. The amount of current “interrupted” by the SPD is typically significantly less than the “available” current. UL 1449 and the National Electric Code (NEC) require the SCCR (Short Circuit Current Rating) to be marked on all SPD units. It is not a surge rating, but the maximum allowable current a SPD can interrupt in the event of failure. The NEC/UL has a requirement that the SPD be tested and labelled with a SCCR equal to, or greater than the available fault current at that point in the system.

What is important when specifying SPD?

When specifying SPD, submit a clear, concise specification detailing the required performance and design features. A minimum specification should include: • UL surge rating • Suppression rating • Short circuit rating • Peak surge current per mode (L-N, L-G, and N-G) • voltage and configuration of electrical service

What is a Surge Protective Device or Surge Arrestor (SPD)?

SPD is a device designed to limit surge energy to electrical equipment. It does this by diverting or limiting surge current. An SPD is wired in parallel to the equipment it is intended to protect. Once the surge voltage exceeds its designed rating it “begins to clamp” and starts to conduct energy directly to the electrical grounding system. An SPD has a very low resistance during this time and “shorts” the energy to ground. Once the surge is over it “opens” up, so it does not trigger upstream circuit breakers.

FAQ - Prosurge

Q: Do SPDs protect against direct lightning strikes?

A direct lighting strike is the most powerful and difficult surge to protect against. Prosurge recommend that Proper grounding and bonding of the electrical system and employing proper surge protection can protect sensitive equipment. A SPD with a higher single surge current rating will perform best against this type of event, if the unit is properly installed and the grounding system is adequate.The maximum single withstand surge current rating is defined in IEEE SPD Standard C62.62.

Ndinosarudza sei Prosurge SPD yakakodzera yekushanda kwangu?prosurge2017-10-31T17:34:33+08:00

Ndinosarudza sei Prosurge SPD yakakodzera yekushanda kwangu?

Kunyangwe tichiedza zvakanakisisa kupa sangano rakazara, rakakwana michina pane webhusaiti yedu, mabhuku uye mamwe magwaro, tinotenda nzira yakanakisisa yekuenzanisira mutevedzeri ndeyekutarisana nesu nezvido zvako uye ipapo nyanzvi yedu ichakurudzira mhando yakakodzera.

Chii chinonzi ANSI / UL 1449 Gwaro rechitatu neIEC 61643-1 - Kusiyana Kukuru Mukuedzwaprosurge2017-10-31T17:29:56+08:00

Chii chinonzi ANSI / UL 1449 Gwaro rechitatu neIEC 61643-1 - Kusiyana Kukuru Mukuedzwa

Izvo zvinotevera zvinongororesa zvishomanana zvakasiyana zvakasiyana pakati peWewriters Laboratory inoda kuongororwa kwemajoni ekudzivirira (SPDs); ANSI / UL 1449 Kushandura Kwechitatu uye International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) yaida kukosha kweSSPD, IEC 61643-1.

Mutsva Purogiramu Iye zvino (SCCR): Kugona kwemazuva ano iyo iyo SPD yakaedzwa inogona kumira pamagetsi apo yakabatana, pasina kuputsa iyo yakavharwa nenzira ipi zvayo.

UL: Inoedza zvakakwana chigadzirwa kaviri kacho mazita ekutsvaga kuti zvione kana chigadzirwa chose chakakwana zvachose. Izvo zvose zvakagadzirwa (zvakatumirwa) zvinoedzwa; kusanganisira simbi oxide varistors (MOVs).

IEC: Muedzo unongotarisa pazvigaro zvepamusoro uye kuwirirana kwepanyama kuti uone kana zvakasimba zvakakwana kuti zviitwe mhosva yacho. MOVs inotsiviwa nemuti wemhangura uye futi yakarongedzwa inogadzirwa inoiswa mu-line (kunze kwechigadzirwa).

Imax: Per IEC 61643-1 - Kukosha kwepakutanga kwemazuva ano kuburikidza neSDD ine 8 / 20 mazai uye marefu maererano nekuenzanisa kwekuongorora kwekirasi yechipiri chebasa rekushanda.

UL: Haasi kuziva kukosha kwekuongorora kweImax.

IEC: Yekushandisa basa kutenderera bvunzo inoshandiswa kukwira kumusoro kune iyo Imax poindi (yakatemwa nemugadziri). Izvi zvinorehwa kuti uwane "mapofu mapoinzi" mukati mekugadzirwa kana yaiswa kumusoro kwepfungwa. Izvi zvinoitiswa seinotarisirwa yehupenyu kana bvunzo yakasimba. Iyo fiyuzi inoda kumira Imax, uye bvunzo inoongorora kudzikama kweiyo SPD (mushure mega basa rekutenderera kukurudzira kuunza iyo SPD kusvika kune yayo yepamusoro inoramba ichishanda voltage MCOV) uye mamiriro ayo epanyama.

Ini nomugumo: Kukosha kwepakutanga kwemazuva ano kuburikidza nePSD ine mazai emvura anowanikwa ye8 / 20.

UL: Ini mazita okuenzanisa akafanana neaya IEC, zvisinei, zvangu zvangu zvinogumira zvisingabatanidzi kune Up Up (kukosha kunoshandiswa munyika yose yekugadzirisa magetsi). Pane kudaro, UL inoshandisa ini zita rekutsvaga kuziva chigadzirwa cheGuvirikudzivirira Rating (VPR). Nhamba dzakagadzirirwa kusvika pa-20 kA. I-SPD inoramba ichishanda mushure mokunge 15 inosvika.

IEC: Hazvirevi kuti ini ndiri muongorori we20kA, zvisinei, musarudzo akasarudzwa Muzinga inoshandiswa kuwana Up Up, kukosha kunofungidzirwa sekudzivirirwa kweSDD. Iyi kukosha inoshandiswa pakugadzirisa magetsi (kukohwa kwetambo yekuvaka, zvigadzirwa).

Nokudaro chinangwa chemugadziri ndechekuedza kusvika kune yakakwirira yeInominal level neAkapamusoro Up results. Vakawanda vanogadzira opt kuongororwa chete zvakadzama se-20 kA kuitira kuti vaone sevari pasi.

Chikoro chinopesana nechikwata

UL: UL Rudzi rwekutsanangurira nzvimbo inogadzirisa nzvimbo ine mazita anoenzanisa (nokuti chigadzirwa chinopa SCCR chinoda kuverengerwa nekupona kana ndichiita kuti ndiongorore mazita).

IEC: Inosarudza mimwe bvunzo sekirasi I, II, kana III. Kirasi kudomwa pakati peI ne II zvine chekuita nemhepo yakashandiswa - Kirasi I; ini ini imp test (10 × 350) uye kirasi II - 8 x 20 μs.

IEC inoratidzira zvimwe zviedzo sekirasi I, II, kana III uye inogona kufungidzirwa neR's Type I, II, III, kana IV mazita. Pane humwe hunodikanwa kune zvose zvinoratidza chigadzirwa chemvumo yakagamuchirwa (UL) uye kushandisa imwe yakasimba yekufungidzira / waveform kune iyo michina ichaiswa panzvimbo dzakanyanya (IEC).

Waveforms: Girafu yemhepo inofungidzira iyo inoratidza maitiro ayo uye inochinja mumakwikwi nenguva.

UL: Anoziva 8 x 20 μs waveform.

IEC: IEC inosanganisira 2 waveforms muyero yavo, iyo 8 x 20 μs iyo inoshandiswa kuongororwa kwechipiri II kuti inomiririra kuputika kunokonzerwa nemigero yegetsi. Uye iyo 10 x 350 μs waveform iyo inoshandiswa pakirasi ini kuedza iyo inomiririra mhepo inenge isina simba kana inopenya (nekuda kwekuvaka kana kukamba kwemagetsi). IEC inoshandisawo mamwe mavara emhando yemafungiro ekushandisa (kirasi yechitatu).

Ndinoziva sei kuti ndechipi chine chirongwa chekudzivirira chekudzivirira chinofanira kuiswa?prosurge2017-10-31T17:28:05+08:00

Ndinoziva sei kuti ndechipi chine chirongwa chekudzivirira chekudzivirira chinofanira kuiswa?

Kusarudza chakakodzera kukwidza anosunga (s) chinhu chakakosha kuvimbisa kuchengetedzwa kwakaringana kwekumisikidzwa. Iyo isina kugadzirwa yakagadzirirwa Mheni & Surge dziviriro sisitimu inogona kutungamira mukukwegura kwekutanga kweSPD uye kutadza kutadza kwemidziyo yekudzivirira mukumisikidza ichibvumira kukuvara kune epakutanga masisitimu kumusoro kwerukova, nekudaro kukunda chikonzero chiri shure kwekudzivirira kuri kuiswa

Prosurge haina kupa mitsara yemitemo uye mazano ekutsigira zvakasikwa zvakagadziriswa zvehurongwa hwekudzivirira maererano neshoko. Zvisinei isu tinotevera IEC uye UL uye magetsi ekudzivirira. Tine izvi mupfungwa tinopa sarcade system sezvazvakanyorwa mumitemo yepamutemo, kwete mitemo yeProsurge.

Mumunda wemashandisirwo emabhizimisi, mutambo wakazara ndeyekuisa sarcad protection system zvichienderana nemichina yakachengetedzwa yakachengetedzwa yakaiswa pamatanho akasiyana (LPZ). Kubatsira kwegadziriro iyi ndeyekuti inobvumira kuperevedza kwepamusoro kwepamusoro pedo nekupinda kwekugadza pamwe nekusara kwemazuva ekudzivirira (nhamba yekudzivirirwa) panzvimbo huru yekugadzirisa kwezvinhu zvakaoma.

Izvo zvakagadziriswa nehurongwa hwakadaro hunodzivirira, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, zvichienderana nekuongororwa kwemashoko akadai sehupenyu hwemheni inopenya (Lightning Protection System) uye rudzi rwemichina inowanikwa magetsi, secondary secondary equipment uye data data.

Mhinduro idzi dzinochengetedza kudzivirirwa kweChirangaridzo kana Chisingagumi (TOV) kana kuti zvose zviri zviviri (T + P) pamwe chete.

Kugadziriswa kwekugadzirwa kwekugadzirisa kunoenderana nemararamiro akadai se: rudzi rwekugadziriswa, rudzi rwekunamatira kusagadzikana (kushanda paCMB kana RCD), auto kubvisa, kuputsa simba, nezvimwewo.

Kazhinji iwe unogona kureva IEC61643- Yakadzika-magetsi ekuwedzera ekuchengetedza michina - Chikamu chegumi: Midziyo yekudzivirira inodzivirirwa kune yakaderera-magetsi magetsi ekuparadzira masisitimu -Sarudzo uye maitiro ekushandisa

Ko mheni inogona kuparadza photovoltaic system here?prosurge2017-10-31T17:26:31+08:00

Ko mheni inogona kuparadza photovoltaic system here?

Photovoltaic systems ine teknolojia yakaoma zvikuru uye mhepo inopenya yemheni inogona kuiparadza zvachose. Pane imwezve njodzi, sezvo kuve kwemheni kunokonzera kubuda kwemhepo pedyo nehurumende yezuva uye izvi zvinogona kukanganisa urongwa. Inverter ndiyo nheyo inokosha inoda kudzivirirwa. Kazhinji, inverters ichabatanidza kuvhara-voltage vadziviriri muvanoshandura. Zvisinei, sezvo izvi zvikamu zvinongorayira zviduku zvishoma, unofanirwa kufunga nezvekushandisa maitiro ekuchengetedza mahara (SPD) mumamiriro ega ega.

Ari kutarisa zviyero izvo zvakashandiswa zveSDD?prosurge2017-10-31T17:25:41+08:00

Ari kutarisa zviyero izvo zvakashandiswa zveSDD?

Munguva yakapfuura, vamwe vashandisi vakashandisa kutaridzika kwezvinyorwa mumashoko avo. Havana kuonekwa sechiratidziro chakanaka chekuita kweSDD uye kwete kuonekwa nemamwe masangano akazara. Prosurge haibatsiri iyi tsanangudzo zvakare.

Ndiyo "Nguva Yechipinduko" inonyatsotsanangurwa here?prosurge2017-10-31T17:24:47+08:00

Ndiyo "Nguva Yechipinduko" inonyatsotsanangurwa here?

Nguva yezvinopindura zvinoshandiswa haitsigirwi nemasangano ese anotarisa kuenderera mberi kweZviviriro Zvokudzivirira.IEEE C62.62 Standard Test Specification kune SPDs inotaura zvakananga haifaniri kushandiswa sechitsanangudzo.

Ndezvipi zvirongwa zvemasimba zvakasiyana-siyana zvinoshandiswa muU.S. uye chii chinochengetedza zvido zveumwe neumwe?prosurge2017-10-31T17:23:39+08:00

Ndezvipi zvirongwa zvemasimba zvakasiyana-siyana zvinoshandiswa muU.S. uye chii chinochengetedza zvido zveumwe neumwe?

Simba rekuparadzira simba reU.S. is TN-CS system. Izvi zvinoreva kuti VaNeutral uye Ground vatungamiri vanobatanidzwa pamusuo webasa reumwe neumwe, uye yese, nzvimbo kana zvakasiyana-siyana zvakagadziriswa. Izvi zvinoreva kuti mamiriro ekudzivirirwa mune zvematongerwe enyika (NG) mukati meMP-multi-mode SPD inowanikwa mubato rekumasuo rebasa rinowanzoregererwa. Zvichibva kune iyi bond bond, yakadai sebazi rekugovera mapeji, kudiwa kweiyo mamwe maitiro ekuchengetedza kunowedzera. Mukuwedzera kune nzira yekudzivirira NG, dzimwe dzeSDs dzinogona kusanganisira line-to-neutral (LN) nekuchengetedza-line-line (LL). Pane imwe nhatu yegadziriro yeWYE system, kudiwa kwekuchengetedzwa kweLL kunokonzerwa nekuenzanisa kwakakwana kweLN kudzivirira kunopawo chiyero chekudzivirirwa kune vaLL vatungamiri.
Kuchinja kune shanduro ye2002 yeNational Electrical Code® (NEC®) (www.nfpa.org) yakadzivisa kushandiswa kweSSPs pamasangano ekugovera masimba egungwa. Pasi pemashoko akawandisa pane chinangwa chekuti SPDs haifaniri kushamwaridzana ne LG sekuita saizvozvo maitiro ekuchengetedza ari kuumba zvikonzero zvisinganzwisisiki kune yakatenderera. Nzira dzekudzivirirwa dzakabatana LL dzakagamuchirwa zvakadaro.Iyo yakakwirira-leg leg delta system yakagadzirirwa sarudzo uye saizvozvo inobvumira kudzivirirwa nzira dzokubatanidza LL naLN kana LG.

Kuisa sei kunobatsira kushanda kweSSPD?prosurge2017-10-31T17:19:51+08:00

Kuisa sei kunobatsira kushanda kweSSPD?

Kuiswa kweSDS kunowanzonyatsonzwisiswa. A SPD yakanaka, isina kuiswa zvakanaka, inogona kuratidza zvishoma kubatsirika mune zvehupenyu hwehupenyu huripo. Iyo yakakwirira kwazvo-ye-kushanduka kwemazuva ano, iyo inofananidzwa nekupfuura kwenguva, inokura matsikiti makuru ekudzivirira pamutungamiri kubatanidza SPD kune rimwe boka kana zvishandiso zvichengetedzwa. Izvi zvinogona kureva zvakakwirira kudarika kudikanwa kunosvika kumidziyo panguva yakadaro yepamusoro. Prosurge inoratidza kuti zviyero zvekudzivisa izvi zvinosanganisira kuwana SPD kuitira kuti ichengetedze kuwirirana kweutungamiri hurefu sezvishoma, zvichiita kuti izvi zviitane pamwe chete. Kushandisa gorofu yakareba AWG cable kunobatsira kumwero wakadaro asi iyi inongova yechipiri chekuita. Izvo zvinokoshawo kuchengetedza nharaunda dzakachengetedzwa uye dzisina kudzivirirwa uye dzinotungamirira zvakasiyana kuti usabatanidzwe kudarika kuwirirana kwemazuva mashoma.

Chii chinonzi chiyero chekugadzirira kwekuchengetedzwa kwemukova?prosurge2017-10-31T17:17:34+08:00

Chii chinonzi chiyero chekugadzirira kwekuchengetedzwa kwemukova?

Uyu mubvunzo wakaoma uye unobva pane zvinhu zvakawanda zvinosanganisira - nzvimbo yekutsvaga, nzvimbo yeropa ndiyo yakeraunic mazinga uye kushandiswa kwevashandi. Nhamba yekuongorora kwemheni inowanzoitika inoratidza kuti mavhareji emvura anoputika ari pakati pe30 ne40kA, apo 10% yemheni inobviswa inopfuura 100kA. Tichifunga kuti chikwata chekupa chekudya chinotapurika chinogona kugovana zvikamu zvose zvakagamuchirwa zvino mu anumber yekuparadzira nzira, chokwadi chekubuda kwemazuva ikozvino kupinda mune imwe nzvimbo inogona kunge yakanyanya kudarika iyo yemagetsi inopisa iyo inoipedzisa.

I ANSI / IEEE C62.41.1-2002 inodikanwa inoda kuratidzira mamiriro emagetsi munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana munzvimbo yese. Inotsanangura kushandira kwebasa iri pakati pemamiriro eB uye C, zvichireva kuti mazamu anobuda kusvika ku10kA 8 / 20 anogona kuwanikwa munzvimbo dzakadaro. Izvi zvakati, SPDs dziri munzvimbo dzakadaro dzinowanzorongwa pamusoro pematunhu akadaro kupa hutano hwakakodzera hwehupenyu hunotarisira, 100kA / chikamu chinowanzo.

Ndezvipi zvinoshandiswa pakufamba, uye kwenguva pfupi pamusoro-kubvongodza, uye chii chinowanzoita maitiro?prosurge2017-10-31T17:16:14+08:00

Ndezvipi zvinoshandiswa pakufamba, uye kwenguva pfupi pamusoro-kubvongodza, uye chii chinowanzoita maitiro?

Kunyangwe ichiwanzoshandiswa semazwi akapatsanurwa muindasitiri yekumhanyisa, Zvishoma uye maSurge ndizvo zvakafanana chiitiko. Transients uye maSurges anogona kunge aripo, voltage, kana ese ari maviri uye anogona kuve neakakwira tsika kupfuura 10kA kana 10kV. Iwo anowanzo ari epfupi pfupi kwenguva (kazhinji> 10 µs & <1 ms), ine waveform ine kukwira kwakakurumidza kusvika kumusoro uye inodonha padanho rinononoka. Transients uye Surges inogona kukonzerwa nevekunze sosi semheni kana pfupi dunhu, kana kubva mukati mekunze senge Contactor switching, Variable Speed Drives, Capacitor switching, nezvimwe.

Yenguva pfupi pamusoro pezvikwata (TOVs) haisi kushandiswa kwechikamu-kusvika-pasi kana chikamu-kusvika-chepamusoro pamusoro pemagetsi zvinogona kuramba zvishoma semasekondi mashomanana kana kwenguva yakareba semaminitsi mashomanana. Sources yeVVV inosanganisira kukanganisa reclosing, load switching, pasi impedance kushanduka, zvikanganiso zve-single-phase uye ferroresonance zvinokonzera kushevedza vashomanana. Pamusana pekukwanisa kuve yakakwirira uye kwenguva yakareba, TOV zvinogona kutyisa zvikuru kuMMV-based SPD. IVV yakawanda inogona kukonzera kukuvadzwa kusingaperi kune SPD uye inopa iyo unit isingabviri. Cherechedza kuti kunyange UL 1449 (3rd Edition) inoita kuti SPD isasarudze ngozi yekuchengeteka pasi pemamiriro ezvinhu aya, SPDs haisi yakagadzirirwa kuchengetedza maTV.

Ko maSDD anochengetedza kurwisana nemheni inopera here?prosurge2017-10-31T17:13:42+08:00

Ko maSDD anochengetedza kurwisana nemheni inopera here?

Chirongwa chakananga chekujekesa ndiyo yakasimba zvikuru uye yakaoma kukurira kudzivirira. Prosurge inokurudzira kuti kuumbwa kwakanaka nekubatanidzwa kwemagetsi uye kushandiswa kwakachengetedzwa kwakakwana kungachengetedza midziyo yakaoma. A SPD ine chikwata chepamusoro chechikwata chemazuva ano chichaita zvakanakisisa maererano nerudzi urwu rwechiitiko, kana chikwata chakanyatsogadziriswa uye kugadzirisa pasi kwakakwana.Urefu hwakakosha unomiririra kutarisa kwemazuva ano hunotsanangurwa muIEEE SPD Standard C62.62.

Chii chinodzingwa Voltage Rating (SVR) uye Voltage Protection Rating (VPR)?prosurge2017-10-31T17:10:31+08:00

Chii chinodzingwa Voltage Rating (SVR) uye Voltage Protection Rating (VPR)?

SVR yaiva chikamu cheshanduro yekare yeL UL 1449 Edition uye haisisashandiswi muL UL 1449 muzinga. SVR yakatsiviwa neVPR.

VPR iri chikamu che UL 1449 3rd Edition uye inobatanidza dhi data yekushanda kweSPDs. Nzira imwe neimwe yePSD inotungamirirwa neA6kV / 3kA kuwirirana kwevheji uye yekunamatira kwayo yakaenzana yakakonzerwa kusvika kune imwe nzvimbo yepamusoro inobva patafura 63.1 kubva kuL UL 1449 3rd Edition.

Ndeipi SPD yakabatana ne UL 96A?prosurge2017-10-31T17:05:54+08:00

Ndeipi SPD yakabatana ne UL 96A?

UL 96A ndiyo inokonzerwa nemagetsi ekudzivirira magetsi. Nokuti chivako chinosangana neL 96A chinofanira kuva neChiratidzo 1 SPD ne Nominal Discharge Current rating ye20kA yakasungirwa pamusuo webasa.

Rudzi rwe 1 SPD runofananidzwa sei neChirungu 2 SPD?prosurge2017-10-31T17:01:51+08:00

Rudzi rwe 1 SPD runofananidzwa sei neChirungu 2 SPD?

Zvimwe kusiyana kukuru pakati peType 1 uye Type 2 SPDs ndezvekuti:

External Overcurrent Protection. Nyora 2 SPDs inogona kuda kunze kwepamusoro
kudzivirirwa kana kunogona kuiswa mukati meSPD. Tora 1 SPDs inowanzobatanidza
kudzivirirwa kwepamusoro kweSDD kana dzimwe nzira yekugutsa zvinodiwa
kubva pachiyero; saka, Tanga 1 SPDs uye Tsika 2 SPDs isingadyi kunze
kuchengetedzwa kwepamusoro kwezvikwata zvinopedza simba rekuisa zvisina kururama
rated (mismatched) chipambiso chekuchengetedzwa kwepamusoro neSSPD.
Nominal Discharge Current Ratings. Iripo Rinobudiswa Kusarudzwa Nhasi (In)
Kuenzanisa kweTiyo 1 SPDs ndeye 10 kA kana 20 kA; asi, Tsika 2 SPDs inogona kuva ne3
kA, 5 kA, 10 kA kana 20 kA Zita Rokudzora Nhasi maitiro.
UL 1283 EMI / RFI Kuchengeta. Vamwe UL 1449 Yakatarirwa SPDs inosanganisira masikirati emafuta
iyo yakaongororwa seL UL 1283 (Standard for Electromagnetic Interference
Filters) filera. Aya ndiwo mazano UL Akanyorwa seL UL 1283 filter uye UL
1449 SPD. Nenzira uye uwandu hwe UL 1283, UL 1283 Zvinyorwa zvinotsvaga ndezvi
kuongororwa nokuda kwemajeri-kurutivi maitiro chete, kwete mutsara-side maitiro.
Nekudaro, UL haichazobatsiri rondedzero yeChirungu 1 SPD seL UL 1283 yakanyorwa
firiji. Zvisinei, Chirongwa 1 SPD chinogona kusanganisira UL 1283 filter sekuzivikanwa
Muchidimbu mukati meEndeded Type 1 SPD, iyo yakave yakarongedzwa zvakazara nokuda kwemashoko
kushandiswa. Vagadziri vezvigadzirwa zvakadai zvinowanzopa SPD yakafanana se
Tora 2 UL 1449 Yakanyorwa SPD neyomumiririri wechirongwa seL UL 1283 Yakaverengwa
firiji.
Capacitors. Vashandi vanoshandiswa muThando 1 SPDs vanogona kuongerwa kuchengetedzwa
zvakasiyana kupfuura muChirungu 2 SPDs. Zvose zvinokonzerwa neChina 1 SPD zvinoshandiswa
kuongororwa kuL UL 810 (Gadziriro yeVadzivisi). Izvi zvinosanganisira kuchenesa ma capacitors
inotaurwa pamusoro apa mu UL 1283 (Standard for Electromagnetic Interference Filters)
maitiro. Vadzidzisi vemuTear 2 SPDs vanoongororwa ku UL 1414 (Standard for
Capacitors and Suppressors for Radio-and Television-Type Appliances) uye / kana
UL 1283 (Dhigirii yeMagetsi Akasiyana-siyana).

Ndeipi UL SPD Tarisa mapoka uye anorevei?prosurge2017-10-31T16:58:48+08:00

Ndeipi UL SPD Tarisa mapoka uye anorevei?

Tora 1 SPDs (Yakanyorwa) - Inogara yakabatana, yakaoma-wired SPDs inoshandiswa
kuisa pakati pechipiri chebasa rekushandura uye rutivi rworusvingo rwemusoro
midziyo yebasa iri pamusoro pechigadziro chekuchengetedza, pamwe chete nemutoro wechipfumi
midziyo yebasa (kureva Iti 1's inogona kuiswa kupi zvako mukati mekuparidzirwa
system). Nyora 1 SPDs inosanganisira watt-awa mamita socket enclosure type SPDs. Kuva pane
rutivi rwemutsara rwebasa rinobvisa pakusina zvigadzirwa zvekudzivirira zvinopfuura
chengetedza SPD, Nyaya 1 SPDs inofanira kuiswa kunze kwekushandiswa kwekunze kwepamusoro-soro
protective device. Zita rokuti Nominal Discharge Current Rating yeChirungu 1 SPDs
10kA kana 20kA.

Tora 2 SPDs (Yakanyorwa) - Inogara yakabatana, yakaoma-wired SPDs inoshandiswa
kuiswa pamutoro wechipfuva chechigadzirwa chikuru chebasa rekuchengetedza chikwata chekudzivirira.
Aya maSDD anogonawo kuiswa pamichina huru yebasa, asi inofanira kuiswa pairi
iro mutoro kurutivi rwebasa guru rinoshandiswa pamusoro pekuchengetedza. Nyora 2 SPDs inogona kana inogona
hazvidi kuti chigadziro chekudzivirirwa kwepamusoro chepamusoro peNRTL yakanyorwa. Kana chimwe chinhu
kuchengetedzwa kwepamusoro kunotarisirwa, iyo SPD yaNRTL yefaira rekufambisa uye yekuraira / mirayiridzo
vanofanirwa kutarisa hukuru uye rudzi rwechirongwa chekuchengetedza kupfuura. Cherechedza: Mune zvimwe
zviitiko zvekuchengetedza zvakanyanya kushandiswa zvinoshandiswa zvinogona kukanganisa mazita ekubudiswa kwemazita e
the SPD. Semuenzaniso, SPD inogona kuva ne 10 kA zita rekubudiswa kwemazuva ano
apo inodzivirirwa ne 30 Amp circuit breaker uye 20 kA zita remvura yakasununguka ikozvino
chiyero kana yakachengetedzwa nehumwe asi yakanyatsogadziriswa uye yakasarudzwa yepamusoro-soro
chidziviriro. Zita rokuti Nominal Discharge Current Rating yeChirungu 2 SPDs ndeye 3 kA, 5
kA, 10 kA, kana 20 kA.

Tora 3 SPDs (Yakanyorwa) - Aya SPDs anonzi, 'Point of Use SPDs', iyo inofanira
inogona kuiswa panzvimbo shoma shottertor urefu hwemamiriyoni 10 (30 mamita) kubva kumagetsi
panel panel kunze kwekuti vaongororwa paTsika 2 SPDs (kureva kuti, vanogamuchira Nominal
Discharge Current Rating ye3 kA zvishoma). Kazhinji, idzi ndidzo dzakabatana
zvinyorwa, zvakananga plug-in SPDs, kana kuti SPDs yezvokudya zvinoshandiswa pamichina yekushandisa
iri kudzivirirwa (kureva makombiyuta, makopi ekunyora, nezvimwewo).

Tora 1, 2, 3 Component Assembly SPDs (Component Recognized) - Aya SPDs
yakagadzirirwa kuva fesheni yakaiswa mumagetsi ekuparadzira midziyo kana kupedza-kushandiswa
midziyo. Idzi dzinozivikanwa Component SPDs dzinoongororwa kuti dzishandiswe muChipiri 1, 2 kana 3
SSP applications. Izvozvo zvakakosha SPDs inofanira kupfuurira kushanda kwehutano kusagadzikana kwakafanana
miedzo sezvakanyorwa Rudzi rwe 1, 2 kana 3 SPDs. Kunyange zvazvo aya maSDD ari 100% anoenderana nekuchengeteka
kukanganisa kuongororwa kwemaonero, idzi Zita 1, 2 uye 3 chechi yegungano SPDs vane
mamiriro ezvinhu ekugamuchirwa akadai sekubudiswa kwemashure kana mamwe magetsi
izvo zvinoda kuti vagoiswa kana kuti vagare mukati memusangano wakanyorwa kuti vadzivirire
kubva pakusununguka kunorarama zvikamu kana zvimwe zvinoda. Izvi Zita 1, 2 kana 3 Inozivikanwa
Component SPDs haifaniri kusanganiswa ne ANSI / UL 1449-2006 Tsika 4 Component
Magungano uye Tsika 5 zvisikwa zve SPD zvinoda zvimwe zvikamu
(zvichida kuchengetedzwa kwemagetsi), kugadzira uye kuedza kuitira kuti ishandiswe sekuwedzera kwakakwana
protective device.

Tora 4 Component Assembly SPD (Component Recognized) - Aya chikamu
magungano ane rimwe kana kupfuura Rudzi rwe 5 SPD pamwe chete nechechina
(inokosha kana kuti kunze) kana kuti nzira yekuteerera zvisingakwanisi kuongororwa zvino mu UL 1449,
Chikamu 39.4. Izvi hazvina kukwana magungano eDD, ayo anowanzoiswa mukati
rakaronga mishonga yekushandisa-kuguma chero bedzi mamiriro ose ekugamuchirwa akaitwa. Izvi Zita 4
chikamu chemazana hachina kukwana seSDD, inoda kuongorora zvakare uye haisi
anobvumirwa kuiswa mumunda seSSP-stand alone. Kazhinji, izvi zvinoshandiswa zvinoda
kuwedzerwa kuchengetedzwa kwepamusoro.

Gadzira 5 SPD (Component Recognized) - Discrete component surge protection devices,
zvakadai seMMV iyo inogona kuiswa pane rimwe bhodhi rakadhindwa, rakabatanidzwa nemitungamiri yayo kana
yakapiwa mukati mekuvhara nekugadzirisa nzira uye kugumira kwekugadzira. Izvi Zita
5 SPD zvikamu hazvina kukwana saSDD, zvinoda kuongorora zvakare uye hazvisi
anobvumirwa kuiswa mumunda seSSP-stand alone. Nyora 5 SPDs inowanzo
zvikamu zvinoshandiswa mukugadzirwa nekugadzirwa kweSPDs yakakwana kana imwe SPD
magungano.

Ndeipi UL Short Circuit Current Rating (SCCR)?prosurge2017-10-31T16:52:02+08:00

Ndeipi UL Short Circuit Current Rating (SCCR)?

SSCR-Pfupi Yedunhu Current Rating. Kufanirwa kweSDD kunoshandiswa paA AC power circuit iyo inokwanisa kukwanisa kudarika zvisingatauri kupfuura rms rakataridzika rondedzero yemagetsi panguva inoziviswa magetsi panguva yechirwere chemukati. SCCR haina kufanana neAIC (Amp Inopikisa Mano). SCCR ndiyo yakawanda ye "inowanikwa" ikozvino iyo SPD inogona kuiswa pasi nekuchengetedzeka zvakachengetedza kubva kune simba rine simba pasi pemaitiro mashoma emudunhu. Nhamba yezvino "yakambovhiringidzika" neSDD inowanzokosha kudarika "inowanikwa" ikozvino.

UL 1449 uye National Electric Code (NEC) inoda SCCR (Short Circuit Current Rating) kuti ichinyorwa pazvikamu zvose zveSSP. Icho hachisi chekuwedzera, asi iyo yakagamuchirwa yakagadzirirwa ikozvino SPD inogona kupindira kana paine kukanganisa. I NEC / UL ine chido chekuti SPD iongorwe uye ichinyorwa ne SCCR yakaenzana, kana yakakura kudarika ikozvino iripo panguva iyoyo mumutambo.

Chii chinonyanya kukosha pakurondedzera SPD?prosurge2017-10-31T16:31:39+08:00

Chii chinonyanya kukosha pakurondedzera SPD?

Paunenge uchitaura nezveSDD, shandisa zvakajeka, tsanangudzo yakajeka ichitaura nezvekushanda kunodiwa uye zvirongwa zvekugadzira. A zvishoma zvinyorwa zvinofanira kusanganisira:

• UL kufungidzirwa

• Kuderedza kuderedza

• Pfupi pfupi purogiramu

• Nhamba yepamusoro inowanikwa ikozvino pamiriyoni (LN, LG, uye NG)

• magetsi uye kugadziriswa kwemagetsi

Chii chinonzi Surge Protective Device kana Surge Arrestor (SPD)?prosurge2017-10-31T16:30:05+08:00

Chii chinonzi Surge Protective Device kana Surge Arrestor (SPD)?

SPD chigadzirwa chakagadzirirwa kukonzera kuwedzera simba kune magetsi emagetsi. Inoita izvi kuburikidza nekutsausa kana kuregeredza kuwedzera kwezvino. An SPD yakasungirirwa nenzira yakafanana nemidziyo inofanirwa kudzivirira. Kamwe kana kubuda kwemhepo kunodarika kukarongedzwa kwayo "inotanga kunamatira" uye inotanga kufamba nesimba zvakananga kumagetsi ekugadzira magetsi. I-SPD inonyanya kushandiswa panguva ino uye "shorts" simba rekuisa pasi. Kamwe kuwedzerwa kuri pamusoro payo "kunovhura" kumusoro, saka hazvibvumiri kukwira mumasangano ekuputsa.