Zotsatirazi zikuyang'ana zochepa zosiyana pakati pa mayesero a Underwriters Laboratory omwe amayenera kuti apange zipangizo zoteteza (SPDs); ANSI / UL 1449 Buku lachitatu ndi International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) linkafunika kuyesa kwa SPDs, IEC 61643-1.

Dongosolo lachidule lachidziwitso (SCCR): Mphamvu yamakono yomwe SPD yomwe ikuyesedwa ikhoza kupirira pamapeto a malo omwe mumagwirizanitsa, popanda kuphwanya chipinda chilichonse.

UL: Amayesa mankhwala onse kawiri kawiri kuti aone ngati mankhwala onsewa ndi opanda pake. Zida zonse (monga zotumizidwa) zimayesedwa; kuphatikizapo zitsulo zamakina varistors (MOVs).

IEC: Kuyesa kumangoyang'ana mapeto ndi mawonekedwe enieni kuti aone ngati ali ndi mphamvu zokwanira kuti athetse vutoli. Ma MOV amalowetsedwa ndi mkuwa wamakono ndipo fuseti yowonjezera imayikidwa mu mzere (kunja kwa chipangizo).

Imax: Per IEC 61643-1 - Kufunika kwamtundu wamakono kupyolera mu SPD kukhala ndi mafunde a 8 / 20 ndi kukula kwake motsatira ndondomeko ya kuyesedwa kwa kalasi yachiwiri ya ntchito yoyamba.

UL: Sakudziwa kufunikira kwa mayeso a Imax.

IEC: Kuyesa ntchito yoyeserera kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kukwera mpaka pa Imax point (yotsimikizika ndi wopanga). Izi zikutanthauza kuti mupeze "mfundo zakhungu" mkati kapangidwe kake mukakhala ndi chidwi chachikulu. Izi zimachitika ngati chiyembekezo cha moyo kapena kuyesa kwamphamvu. Fusetiyo iyenera kulimbana ndi Imax, ndipo mayeso amayesa kukhazikika kwa SPD (pambuyo pa ntchito iliyonse yomwe imapangitsa kuti SPD ifike pamagetsi ake opitilira MCOV) komanso momwe zimakhalira.

Ine ndikutchula: Kufunika kwamtengo wapatali kwambiri pakalipano kudzera mu SPD kukhala ndi mafunde a sasa a 8 / 20.

UL: Mayeso angawa ndi ofanana ndi a IEC, komabe, zotsatira zanga sindizigwirizana ndi mtengo wapamwamba (mtengo wogwiritsidwa ntchito padziko lonse kuti ugwirizanitse magetsi). M'malo mwake, UL amagwiritsira ntchito dzina langa kuti atsimikizire kuti mankhwala a Voltage Protection Rating (VPR). Mipata imakhala yokwanira kufika pa 20 kA. SPD imakhala ikugwira ntchito pambuyo pa maulendo a 15.

IEC: Sindingathe kuchepetsa kuyesa kwa 20kA, komabe, osankhidwawo amasankhidwa Mmalo mwake amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupeza mtengo wapamwamba, mtengo womwe umawoneka kuti ndikuteteza kwa SPD. Mtengo umenewu umagwiritsidwa ntchito pothandizira magetsi (ziwerengero za waya, zipangizo).

Choncho cholinga cha wopanga ndi kuyesa kufika pamtunda wapamwamba kwambiri mwa zotsatira za Up. Ambiri amapanga mayeso okhwima okha ngati 20 kA kotero amawoneka kuti ali otsika.

Maphunziro motsutsana ndi gulu

UL: UL Mtundu wotchulidwa ndi malo omwe amapanga malo omwe amavomereza kuti ndiwotchedwa (kuti chipangizo chomwe chimapatsa SCCR chiyenera kuikidwa ndi kupulumuka pamene ndikuyesedwa).

IEC: Imasankha mayeso ena ngati kalasi I, II, kapena III. Kusankhidwa kwamagulu pakati pa Ine ndi II kumakhudzana ndi zomwe zakakamizidwa - Kalasi Woyamba; mayeso a I imp (10 × 350) ndi gulu II - 8 x 20 μs.

IEC imayesa mayesero ena monga kalasi I, II, kapena III ndipo ikhoza kufotokozedwa ndi mtundu wa UL wa mtundu wa I, II, III, kapena IV. Pali zowonjezereka kwa onse omwe amadziwika kuti malo omwe amavomerezedwa (UL) ndikugwiritsanso ntchito mafomu omwe angapangidwe m'malo ovuta (IEC).

Zosintha: Chithunzi cha mawonekedwe omwe amasonyeza maonekedwe ake ndi kusintha kwa matalikidwe ndi nthawi.

UL: Amazindikira 8 x 20 μs mawonekedwe.

IEC: IEC imaphatikizapo mawonekedwe a 2 muyeso yawo, 8 x 20 μs yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesera kalasi yachiwiri yomwe imayimilira pamagetsi. Ndipo 10 x 350 μs mawonekedwe omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa kalasi yoyesera yomwe imayimira mazira amodzi kapena omveka bwino (chifukwa cha kumanga kapena kugunda kwa magetsi) .IEC imagwiritsanso ntchito mawonekedwe ena a mawonekedwe a phokoso kuti ayesedwe.

Kusankha oyenera kumangidwa (s) ndichofunikira kwambiri kuti muteteze kuyika koyenera. Makina otetezedwa bwino a Lightning & Surge angapangitse kukalamba kwa SPD komanso kulephera kwa zida zotetezera poyikirako zomwe zimalola kuwonongeka kwa makina oyambira, motero kugonjetsa chifukwa chachitetezo chomwe chikukhazikitsidwa

Prosurge sipereka malamulo ndi zitsogozo zothandizira kulongosola kosayenerera kwa chitetezo chotsatira malingana ndi ntchito. Komabe ife timatsata IEC ndi UL kuunikira ndi miyezo yotetezera. Ndili ndi malingaliro athu timapereka dongosolo lokhazikika monga momwe zilili m'malamulo a muyezo, osati malamulo a Prosurge.

M'malo ogwiritsira ntchito mafakitale, chizoloŵezi ndicho kukhazikitsa njira yoteteza chitetezo chokhazikitsidwa pogwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zingapo zothandizira zomwe zimayikidwa pa magawo osiyanasiyana (LPZ). Phindu la njirayi ndiloti limapangitsa kuti mphamvu yowonongeka ikhale yoyandikana kwambiri ndi polojekiti yowonongeka ndi mpweya wotsika (wotetezedwa) pamtundu waukulu wa zowonongeka.

Zomwe zimapangidwa ndi njira zotetezera, mwazifukwa zina, zogwirizana ndi kafukufuku wamtunduwu monga kukhalapo kwa ndodo yamoto (Lightning Protection System) ndi mtundu wa njira zowonjezera magetsi, zipangizo zoyamba zapamwamba ndi ma data.

Zothetsera vutoli zimatetezera kuwonongeka kochepa kapena kosatha (TOV) kapena onse awiri (T + P) panthawi yomweyo.

Chosankha chotsatira chotsatira chimadalira pazigawo monga: mtundu wa kuika, mtundu wa kugwirizanitsa mauthenga (ntchito pa MCB kapena RCD), auto reclosing, kuswa mphamvu, ndi zina zotero.

Nthawi zambiri mumatha kuloza zida zotetezera za IEC61643- Low-voltage surge - Gawo 12: Zipangizo zowonjezera zotetezedwa zolumikizidwa ndi magetsi otsika -Sankho ndi mfundo zogwiritsa ntchito

Mapulogalamu a photovoltaic ndi opanga makanema kwambiri ndipo kugunda kwa mphenzi kwachindunji kumangowononga. Palibenso vuto lina, monga kugunda kwa mphezi kungapangitse mpweya wothamanga pafupi ndi mphamvu ya dzuwa ndipo izi zikhoza kuwononga dongosolo. Inverter ndilofunika kwambiri kutetezedwa. Kawirikawiri, osokoneza adzaphatikizira otetezera-voltage otetezera awo oyendetsa. Komabe, popeza zigawozi zimangowonjezera zokhazokha, muyenera kulingalira pogwiritsa ntchito zipangizo zoteteza (SPD) payekha.

M'mbuyomu, ena opanga agwiritsira ntchito masewero a joule m'mawu awo. Iwo sali ngati chizindikiro choyenera cha ntchito ya SPD ndipo sichizindikiridwa ndi mabungwe aliwonse. Prosurge sichikuthandizira mfundoyi.

Zomwe zimayankhidwa nthawi sizimathandizidwa ndi mabungwe omwe amayang'anitsitsa Zida zoteteza Chitetezo.IEEE C62.62 Standard Test Specification kwa SPDs makamaka imanena izo siziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito monga ndondomeko.

Njira yogawa magetsi ku US ndiyo dongosolo la TN-CS. Izi zikutanthauza kuti otsogolera omwe salowerera ndi omwe amachititsa kuti azitha kulowera kuntchito, aliyense, malo kapena magulu omwe amachokera. Izi zikutanthauza kuti mawonekedwe otetezeka omwe salowerera (NG) mkati mwa SPD yowonjezera maofesi omwe amaikidwa pazitseko za polojekiti yautumiki ndizochepa kwambiri. Komanso kuchokera ku bond bond ya NG, monga momwe zimagwirira ntchito m'nthambi, kufunika kwa njira yowonjezera imeneyi ndikofunika kwambiri. Kuwonjezera pa njira yotetezera NG, ma SPD ena angaphatikizepo mzere-kuti-asalowerera (LN) ndi chitetezo cha mzere (line). Pulogalamu ya WYE yachitatu, kufunika kwa LL kutetezedwa kumakhala kokayikitsa ngati kutetezedwa kwa LN kumaperekanso chitetezo pa LL conducors.
Kusintha kwa pulogalamu ya 2002 ya National Electrical Code® (NEC®) (www.nfpa.org) yaletsa kugwiritsa ntchito SPDs machitidwe opatsitsa magetsi a delta. Pambuyo pa mawu ophweka awa ndi cholinga chakuti SPDs isagwirizanitsidwe LG ngati pakuchita njirazi zotetezera ndikupanga zifukwa zosonyeza kuti zimayendera. Njira zotetezera zogwirizana ndi LL ndizovomerezeka.Konongeka kolowera kumapazi ndizomwe zimakhazikitsidwa ndipo zimalola njira zotetezera LL ndi LN kapena LG.

Kuikidwa kwa SPDs kumamveka bwino. SPD yabwino, yosayikidwa bwino, ikhoza kukhala yopindulitsa pokhapokha pazomwe zimakhalira moyo. Kusintha kwapamwamba kwamtundu wamakono, komwe kumakhala kochepa kwambiri, kudzakhala ndi madontho akuluakulu a volt pazitsogolera kulumikizana ndi SPD ku gulu kapena zida zotetezedwa. Izi zikhoza kukhala zapamwamba kusiyana ndi zofuna zowonjezera zomwe zimagwira zipangizozo panthawi yomwe imakhalapo. Prosurge ikusonyeza kuti miyeso yotsutsana ndi zotsatirazi ikuphatikizapo kupeza malo a SPD kuti apitirize kugwirizanitsa kutalika kwazitsogolere mwachidule momwe zingathere, kupotoza izi zikutsogolera pamodzi. Kugwiritsa ntchito chingwe cholemera kwambiri cha AWG chingwe kumathandiza pamlingo winawake koma izi ndizochiwiri chabe. Ndikofunika kuteteza maulendo otetezedwa komanso osatetezedwa ndipo amatsogoleretsa kuti asagwirizanitse mphamvu zowonongeka.

Ili ndi funso lovuta ndipo limadalira pazinthu zambiri kuphatikizapo - malo, malo amtundu wa okeraunic ndi magetsi othandizira. Kafukufuku wopeza mphezi amawonetsa kuti kutuluka kwa mphenzi kumakhala pakati pa 30 ndi 40kA, pamene 10% ya mphezi imatuluka kuposa 100kA. Popeza kuti kugwidwa kwa odyetsa odwala kachilomboka kungathe kugawira zonse zomwe zatulutsidwa panopa muzinthu zogaŵira, zomwe zenizeni zowonjezera kulowa mu malo zingakhale zocheperapo kusiyana ndi zowomba mphezi zomwe zimangowonjezera.

Mndandanda wa ANSI / IEEE C62.41.1-2002 umafuna kusonyeza malo a magetsi m'malo osiyanasiyana malo. Imatanthawuza kuti malo olowera pakhomo ndi pakati pa chilengedwe cha B ndi C, kutanthauza kuti mafunde oyenderera mpaka 10kA 8 / 20 akhoza kuchitika m'madera amenewo. Izi zati, SPDs yomwe ili m'mapangidwe oterewa nthawi zambiri amawerengedwa pamwamba pazigawo zotere kuti zikhale ndi nthawi yoyenera yogwiritsira ntchito moyo, 100kA / gawo kukhala yofanana.

Ngakhale amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mawu osiyana mu makampani opanga mautumiki, ma Transients ndi Surges ndizofanana. Ma transients ndi Surges atha kukhala apano, magetsi, kapena onse awiri ndipo amatha kukhala ndi mitengo yayikulu yopitilira 10kA kapena 10kV. Amakhala ofupikitsa kwambiri (nthawi zambiri> 10 µs & <1 ms), ndi mawonekedwe amawu omwe amafulumira kwambiri kufika pachimake kenako amagwa pang'onopang'ono. Ma transients ndi ma Surges amatha kuyambitsidwa ndi zinthu zakunja monga mphezi kapena dera lalifupi, kapena kuchokera kuzinthu zamkati monga Contactor switching, Variable Speed ​​Drives, Capacitor switch, etc.

Kusakhalitsa pa voltages (TOVs) ndi oscillatory phase-to-ground kapena phase-phase phase over voltages zomwe zingakhalepo pang'ono kapena masekondi angapo. Zowonjezera za TOV zimaphatikizapo kulakwitsa, kutembenuka, kusinthika kwa mpweya, magawo amodzi ndi zotsatira za ferroresonance kutchula ochepa. Chifukwa cha mphamvu zawo zamakono komanso nthawi yaitali, ma TOV akhoza kukhala owononga kwambiri ku SPD. Zowonjezereka zowonjezera zingayambitse kuwonongeka kwamuyaya kwa SPD ndikupangitsa kuti bungwelo lisagwire ntchito. Onani kuti ngakhale UL 1449 (Edition 3rd) ikuonetsetsa kuti SPD sichidzapangitse chitetezo pamtundu umenewu, SPDs siidapangidwe kuti iteteze ma TOV.

Chiwonetsero chowunikira ndichinthu champhamvu kwambiri komanso chovuta kuti chiteteze. Prosurge amalangiza kuti kukhazikika bwino ndi kugwirizana kwa magetsi ndi kugwiritsa ntchito chitetezo chokwanira chitetezo kungateteze zipangizo zovuta. SPD yomwe ili ndipamwamba kwambiri yapamwamba yamakono yomwe idzayendetsedwa bwino idzachita bwino pamtundu woterewu, ngati chipangizochi chikuyikidwa bwino ndipo dongosolo lokhazikika likukwanira.Zomwe zingatheke kupirira zomwe zikuyimira pakali pano zikufotokozedwa mu IEEE SPD Standard C62.62.

SVR inali gawo la kalembedwe la UL 1449 Edition ndipo siligwiritsidwanso ntchito muyezo wa UL 1449. SVR inalowetsedwa ndi VPR.

VPR ndilo gawo la UL 1449 3rd Edition ndipo ndi deta yolumikiza za SPDs. Njira iliyonse ya SPD imayendetsedwa ndi mawonekedwe a 6kV / 3kA osakanikirana ndipo kuyeza kwake kukuyendetsedwa kumtengo wapatali wochokera pa tebulo 63.1 kuchokera ku Edition X ULUMU 1449.

UL 96A ndizoyendera machitidwe a Chitetezo cha Mphezi. Kuti nyumba yomangirizira UL 96A iyenera kukhala ndi mtundu wa 1 SPD ndi Nominal Discharge Current rating ya 20kA yosungidwa pakhomo la utumiki.

Kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa mtundu wa 1 ndi mtundu wa 2 SPDs ndi:

• Chitetezo Chamtundu Chamtundu. Pezani mtundu wa 2 SPD ungafunike kupitiliza kunja
  chitetezo kapena chikhoza kuikidwa mkati mwa SPD. Pezani mtundu wa 1 SPDs umakhala nawo
  chitetezo chapadera mwa SPD kapena njira zina zokhutiritsa zofunikira
  wa muyezo; Choncho, mtundu wa 1 SPDs ndi mtundu wa 2 SPDs umene sufunika kunja
  zida zotetezera zowonjezereka zimathetsa kuthekera koyika mosayenera
  inavomerezedwa (yosasokonezedwa) chipangizo chotetezera chamtunduwu ndi SPD.
• Kusintha kwa dzina lachidziwitso. Kutha Kwadzidzidzi Kutha Kutha Nthawi (Mu)
  Mitundu ya mtundu wa 1 SPDs ndi 10 kA kapena 20 kA; pamene, mtundu wa 2 SPD ungakhale ndi 3
  kA, 5 kA, 10 kA kapena 20 kA Kutha kwadzidzidzi kwapadera Ma ratanidwe.
• UL 1283 EMI / RFI Kupanga. Zina za UL 1449 Zowonjezera SPDs zimaphatikizapo maulendo a fyuluta
  omwe awonedwa ngati UL 1283 (Momweyi wa Kusakanikirana kwa Magetsi
  Zosefera) fyuluta. Izi ndizovomerezeka UL Wolemba ngati UL 1283 filter ndi UL
  1449 SPD. Mwa kufotokoza ndi kuchuluka kwa UL 1283, UL 1283 Zowonongeka ndizo
  Kufufuzidwa pazitsulo zamagetsi okha, osati zolemba pamzere.
  Chifukwa chake, UL sichidzakondweretsa mndandanda wa mtundu wa 1 SPD monga UL 1283
  fyuluta. Komabe, mtundu wa 1 SPD ungaphatikizepo fyuluta UL 1283 monga Wodziwika
  Choyimira mkati mwa mtundu wotchulidwa 1 SPD, yemwe wakhala akuyang'anitsitsa mokwanira
  ntchito. Opanga zinthu zoterozo amapereka SPD yofanana monga
  Lembani 2 UL 1449 Yalembetsa SPD ndi Mndandanda Wowonjezera ngati UL 1283 Yolembedwa
  fyuluta.
• Otsatira. Anthu omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu mtundu wa 1 SPDs akhoza kuyesedwa kuti akhale otetezeka
  mosiyana kusiyana ndi mtundu wa 2 SPDs. Onse ogwira ntchito mu mtundu wa mtundu wa 1 SPD ali
  Kuyesedwa kwa UL 810 (Makhalidwe a Odziwika). Izi zikuphatikizapo kusefera ma capacitors
  zotchulidwa pamwamba pa UL 1283 (Masewu ofufuza Mafilimu Opangira Magetsi)
  mapulogalamu. Othandizira mu mtundu wa 2 SPDs akuyesedwa kuti UL 1414 (Standard for
  Othandizira ndi Suppressors for Mafilimu ndi Television-Type Appliances) ndi / kapena
  UL 1283 (Masewu Opangira Mafilimu Opangira Magetsi).

Pezani mtundu wa 1 SPDs (Olembedwa) - Ogwirizanitsidwa kwamuyaya, SPD zolimba zogwiritsidwa ntchito
kukhazikitsa pakati pa yachiwiri ya transformer service ndi mbali ya mzere
zipangizo zothandizira pulogalamu yodzitetezera, komanso mbali ya katundu
zipangizo zothandizira (mwachitsanzo mtundu wa 1 ukhoza kukhazikitsidwa paliponse mugawidwe
dongosolo). Pezani mtundu wa 1 SPD umaphatikizapo maola ott-maola otchinga mtundu wa SPDs. Kukhala pa
Gawo lachindunji la utumiki liwononge kumene kulibe zipangizo zotetezera zowonjezera
chitetezeni SPD, mtundu wa 1 SPDs uyenera kulembedwa popanda kugwiritsa ntchito chipululu chamtundu wina
chipangizo choteteza. Chotsatira Chotsatira Chachidziwitso cha mtundu wa 1 SPDs mwina
10kA kapena 20kA.

Pezani mtundu wa 2 SPDs (Olembedwa) - Ogwirizanitsidwa kwamuyaya, SPD zolimba zogwiritsidwa ntchito
kuyika pa katundu pambali pa zipangizo zazikulu zothandizira pulogalamu yowateteza.
Ma SPD awa akhoza kukhazikitsidwa pa zipangizo zazikulu, koma ayenera kuikidwapo
mbali yothandizira ntchito yayikulu yodzitetezera nthawi zonse. Pezani mtundu wa 2 SPDs
sichifuna chipangizo chotetezera pafupipafupi pamndandanda wawo wa NRTL. Ngati mwatsatanetsatane
chitetezo chapadera chifunika, fayilo ya ndondomeko ya NRTL ya SPD ndi malemba / malangizo
amafunika kuzindikira kukula ndi mtundu wa chipangizo chotetezera. Zindikirani: Zina
Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito podzitetezera zomwe zingagwiritsidwe ntchito zingasokoneze chiwerengero cha mankhwala omwe amatchulidwa
SPD. Mwachitsanzo, SPD ikhoza kukhala ndi 10 kA dzina lomasulidwa
pamene atetezedwa ndi 30 Amp circuit breaker ndi 20 kA dzina lamasamba
kulingalira pamene chitetezedwa ndi zosiyana ndi zosiyana ndi kupanga ndi chitsanzo cha nthawi yambiri
chipangizo choteteza. Zotsatira za Nominal Discharge Current Rating za mtundu wa 2 SPDs ndi 3 kA, 5
kA, 10 kA, kapena 20 kA.

Gwiritsani ntchito 3 SPDs (Olembedwa) - Ma SPD awa amatchedwa, 'SPDs' oyenera kugwiritsa ntchito.
onetsetsani pamakilomita osachepera 10 (30 mapazi) kuchokera ku magetsi
pulogalamu ya utumiki pokhapokha atayesedwa pa Mtundu wa 2 SPDs (ndiko kuti, amalandira dzina lolembedwa
Kutaya Kwadzidzidzi Koyamba kwa 3 kA osachepera). Kawirikawiri, izi ndizogwirizanitsa chingwe
kuvula, SPDs, kapena SPDs zowonjezera zomwe zimayikidwa pa zipangizo zogwiritsira ntchito
kukhala wotetezedwa (ie makompyuta, makina ojambula, etc.).

Pezani 1, 2, 3 Component Assembly Assembly (Zomwe Zikudziwika) - Awa SPDs ali
Cholinga chake chinali kukhala fakitale yopangira magetsi kapena kugwiritsa ntchito mapeto
zipangizo. Izi ndi SPDs Zomwe Zikuzindikiritsidwa kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito mu mtundu wa 1, 2 kapena 3
Mapulogalamu a SPD. Zida zoterezi za SPD ziyenera kupititsa chitetezo cha magetsi chimodzimodzi
mayesero monga Mndandanda wa 1, 2 kapena 3 SPDs. Ngakhale kuti SPDs awa ndi 100% ogwirizana ndi chitetezo
Kulephera kuyesera, mitundu iyi ya 1, 2 ndi 3 yokhala ndi magulu a SPDs
Zinthu zovomerezeka monga zomangamanga kapena zomangamanga zina
zomwe zimafuna kuti aziyikidwa kapena kukhala mu msonkhano wolembedwa kuti ateteze
kuchoka ku mbali kapena mbali zina zofunika. Mitundu iyi 1, 2 kapena 3 Idziwika
Zida za SPD siziyenera kusokonezedwa ndi ANSI / UL 1449-2006 Type 4 Component
Misonkhano ndi Mitundu ya 5 yapadera ya SPD yomwe imafuna zina zowonjezera
(mwinamwake chitetezo chotsitsa chitetezo), kupanga ndi kuyesa kuti chigwiritsidwe ntchito ngati kukwera kwathunthu
chipangizo choteteza.

Gwiritsani ntchito 4 Component Assembly Assembly (Chodziwika Chodziwika) - Izi zigawo
Misonkhano imakhala ndi chimodzi kapena zingapo Zizindikiro za 5 SPD pamodzi ndi osokoneza
(chophatikizika kapena chakunja) kapena njira zogwirizana ndi mayeso ochepa omwe alipo tsopano ku UL 1449,
Gawo 39.4. Awa ndi misonkhano yosakwanira ya SPD, yomwe imayikidwa mkati
Ndondomeko yogwiritsira ntchito kugwiritsira ntchito mapeto malinga ndi momwe zinthu zonse zovomerezeka zakhalira. Mitundu iyi 4
Misonkhano yamagulu ndi yosakwanira monga SPD, imafuna kupitanso patsogolo ndipo si
inaloledwa kukhazikika m'munda monga SPD yokhazikika. Nthawi zambiri, zipangizozi zimafuna
chitetezo chowonjezereka.

Gwiritsani mtundu wa 5 SPD (Chodziwika Chodziwika)
monga ma MOV omwe angakonzedwe pa bolodi losindikizira, wogwirizana ndi kutsogolera kwake kapena
zimaperekedwa mkati mwazitseko ndi njira zowonjezera ndi kugwiritsira ntchito wiring. Mtundu uwu
Ziwalo za SPN za 5 zili zosakwanira monga SPD, zimafunikanso kufufuza ndipo siziri
inaloledwa kukhazikika m'munda monga SPD yokhazikika. Pezani mtundu wa 5 SPDs
zigawo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ndi kumanga ma SPDs athunthu kapena SPD ina
misonkhano.

SSCR-Mphindi Yachidule Yamakono. Kuyenerera kwa SPD kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa dera lamagetsi la AC limene silingathe kuperekera kuposa ma rms ofanana kwambiri pakali pano pazidziwitso zothamanga panthawi yochepa. SCCR si ofanana ndi AIC (Amp Interrupting Capacity). SCCR ndi kuchuluka kwa "kupezeka" pakali pano kuti SPD ikhale yosasunthika kuchoka ku gwero la mphamvu pansi pa zochitika zochepa. Ndalama zamakono zomwe "zasokonezedwa" ndi SPD ndizochepa kwambiri kuposa zomwe zilipo tsopano.

UL 1449 ndi National Electric Code (NEC) zimafuna kuti SCCR (Short Circuit Current Rating) idziwike pa magulu onse a SPD. Sizongoganizira, koma chidziwitso chokwanira chomwe SPD ingaimitse ngati cholephera. The NEC / UL ili ndi lamulo kuti SPD iyesedwe ndi kulembedwa ndi SCCR yofanana, kapena yaikulu kuposa yomwe ilipo pakalipano panthawiyi.

Pofotokoza SPD, fotokozerani mosapita m'mbali ndondomeko yofunikira yomwe ikufunika komanso maonekedwe. Malemba ochepa ayenera kuphatikizapo:

• Kulingalira kwa UL

• Kuletsa kuthetsa

• Mlingo wochepa

• Kukula kwapamwamba pakadali pamtundu uliwonse (LN, LG, ndi NG)

• magetsi ndi kasinthidwe ka magetsi

SPD ndi chipangizo chothandizira kuchepetsa mphamvu yogwiritsa ntchito magetsi. Imachita izi polepheretsa kapena kuchepetsa kuwonjezeka pakalipano. Chipangizo cha SPD chimawongolera mofanana ndi zipangizo zomwe zimatetezedwa. Pomwe mpweya wotuluka ukupitirira kupangidwa kwake "umayamba kumira" ndipo umayamba kuyendetsa magetsi pang'onopang'ono. SPD imakhala yotsika kwambiri panthawiyi ndipo "imafupikitsa" mphamvu zowonongeka. Kukhazikika kumeneku kwatha "kutsegula" mmwamba, kotero sikumayambitsa anthu ozungulira dera.