Wadannan suna bincika wasu ƙananan bambance-bambance tsakanin binciken da ake bukata na Laboratory da ake buƙatar don na'urori masu karewa (SPDs); ANSI / UL 1449 na uku da Hukumar Kasuwancin Electrotechnical (IEC) ta buƙaci gwaji don SPDs, IEC 61643-1.

Ra'ayin Kira na Kwanan Wata (SCCR): Ƙarfin halin yanzu wanda SPD mai gwadawa zai iya tsayayya a iyakokin da aka haɗa, ba tare da shiga katanga ba a kowane hanya.

UL: Gwada samfurin cikakken samfurin sau biyu a cikin wutar lantarki wanda ba za a iya gani ba idan samfurin gaba ɗaya ba shi da cikakken layi. Ana gwada dukkan samfurin (kamar yadda aka shigo); ciki har da oxide varidors (MOVs).

IEC: Gwaji kawai yana kallon tashoshi da kuma haɗin jiki don sanin idan sun kasance masu ƙarfin gaske don magance matsalar. Ana maye gurbin MOV da wani shinge na jan karfe kuma an sanya fuse mai bada shawara a cikin layi (a waje ga na'urar).

Imax: Na IEC 61643-1 - Ƙimar darajar halin yanzu ta hanyar SPD da tawancen 8 / 20 da girma bisa ga gwajin gwaji na gwajin II aiki.

UL: Shin bai gane da buƙatar gwaji na Imax ba.

IEC: Ana amfani da gwajin sake zagayowar aiki don hawa har zuwa ma'anar Imax (ƙaddara ta masana'anta). Wannan yana nufin nemo “makaunun maki” a cikin ƙirar yayin da aka gabatar da su zuwa babban mataki. Ana gudanar da wannan azaman tsammanin rayuwa ko gwajin ƙarfi. Fuse yana buƙatar tsayayya da Imax, kuma gwajin yana bincika kwanciyar hankali na SPD (bayan kowane motsawar motsa jiki yana kawo SPD har zuwa matsakaicin ƙarfin wutar lantarki mai aiki na MCOV) da yanayin ta jiki。

Na zama maras kyau: Ƙimar darajar halin yanzu ta hanyar SPD yana da raƙuman ruwa na yanzu na 8 / 20.

UL: Na gwada gwaji kamar kamfani na IEC, duk da haka, ƙananan sakamako ba su haɗi zuwa Ƙimar Talla (darajar da ake amfani dashi a duniya don daidaitaccen lantarki). Maimakon haka, UL yana amfani da ni na ƙayyadadden ƙayyadadden ƙayyadadden samfurin Samfur (VPR). Matakan suna iyakance ga iyakar 20 kA. SPD ya kasance aiki bayan 15 surges.

IEC: Ba ta iyakancewa gwajin gwaji a 20kA ba, duk da haka, an zaɓa a matsayin mai amfani a matakin da ake amfani da shi don samun Talla, wanda aka kiyasta cewa aikin SPD ne. Ana amfani da wannan darajar don daidaitawa na lantarki (bayanan gina waya, kayan aiki).

Saboda haka makasudin masu sana'a shine kokarin ƙoƙarin cimma matsayi na Ƙarshen ƙananan matakin ƙananan sakamako. Yawancin masana'antu sunyi gwajin kawai kamar yadda 20 kA don haka zasu bayyana cewa suna da ƙananan Up.

Class da category

UL: UL Rubuta nau'i ne mai siffanta wuri tare da bambanci zuwa hanyar da na zaɓa a jarraba (don na'urar da ke samar da SCCR ya kamata a haɗa shi kuma ya tsira lokacin yin gwajin gwaji).

IEC: Ya keɓance wasu gwaje-gwaje azaman aji na I, II, ko III. Nada aji a tsakani na da na II yana da alaƙa da sha'awar motsa jiki - Class I; an I imp test (10 × 350) da aji II - 8 x 20 μs.

IEC ya tsara wasu gwaje-gwaje a matsayin aji na I, II, ko III kuma za'a iya jituwa da nau'in I, II, III, ko IV na UL. Akwai wasu inganci ga duka biyu suna gano wurin shigarwa da aka yarda da samfurin (UL) da kuma yin amfani da ƙaƙƙarfan motsi / ƙarancin aiki ga waɗannan samfurori da za'a shigar a wurare masu ƙari (IEC).

Waveforms: Hoto na tasirin motsa jiki wanda ya nuna siffarsa kuma yana canzawa a cikin amplitude tare da lokaci.

UL: Gane nauyin tsarawar 8 x 20 μs.

IEC: IEC ta ƙunshi nau'ikan 2 a cikin gwajin su, 8 x 20 μs wanda aka yi amfani dashi don gwaji na II don wakiltar hawan da aka jawo akan layin wutar lantarki. Kuma 10 x 350 μs nau'in tsarawa wanda aka yi amfani dashi na aji na gwaji wanda ya wakilci hawan hasken walƙiya mai tsayi (saboda ginin ko tashar wutar lantarki) .Ya yi amfani da wasu nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'in nau'i na gwaji don yin amfani (gwaji na III).

Zaɓar madaidaiciyar haɓaka (s) babban mahimmin abu ne don tabbatar da daidaitaccen kariya na shigarwa. Tsarin kariya mai walƙiya & Karuwa na iya haifar da farkon tsufa na SPD da yiwuwar gazawar na'urori masu kariya a cikin shigarwa wanda ya ba da damar lalacewar tsarin farko zuwa rafi, don haka ya kayar da ma'anar bayan kariya da aka sanya

Bincike ba ya samar da tsari na dokoki kuma ya jagoranci don tallafawa zane mara kyau na tsarin karewa bisa ga aikace-aikacen. Duk da haka zamu bi IEC da UL walƙiya da farfadowa da tsare-tsare. Da wannan a cikin tunanin mun samar da tsarin da aka saka kamar yadda aka shimfiɗa a cikin ka'idodin daidaitattun, ba ka'idodin Prosurge ba.

A cikin aikace-aikace na masana'antu, wani tsari na al'ada shi ne shigar da tsarin kariya wanda aka kafa a kan wasu na'urori masu kula da haɗin gwiwar da aka sanya a matakai daban-daban (LPZ's). Amfani da wannan dabarun shine gaskiyar cewa yana bada damar samar da wutar lantarki kusa da ƙofar shigarwa tare da ƙananan wutar lantarki (matakin kariya) a babban maƙasudin shigarwa na kayan aiki mai mahimmanci.

Tsarin wannan tsari na karewa, daga sauran dalilai, bisa la'akari da bayanin kamar wanzuwar sandar walƙiya (Tsarin Kariyar Walƙiya) da kuma irin nau'in samar da wutar lantarki mai shiga, kayan aiki na sakandare na biyu da tsarin tsarin bayanai.

Matsalar suna samar da kariya daga ko dai na Tsira ko Dama (TOV) ko a kan duka biyu (T + P) lokaci guda.

Zaɓin zabi na ƙarshe ya dogara da sigogi kamar: irin shigarwa, nau'in haɗin cibiyar sadarwa (aiki a kan MCB ko RCD), ƙuƙwalwa na atomatik, ƙetare ƙarfin, da dai sauransu.

Yawancin lokaci zaka iya komawa IEC61643- protectiveananan na'urori masu kariya masu ƙarfi - Sashe na 12: devicesarfafa na'urorin kariya masu haɗi da tsarin rarraba ƙarfi mai ƙarfi -Zabi da ƙa'idodin aikace-aikace

Tsarin hotuna na zamani yana da matukar damuwa sosai kuma yunkurin walƙiya ta kai tsaye zai hallaka shi. Har ila yau, akwai wani haɗari, kamar yadda walƙiya zai iya haifar da wutar lantarki kusa da tsarin wutar hasken rana kuma waɗannan ƙwanƙolin tayin zai iya rushe tsarin. Mai canzawa shine ainihin mahimmanci a buƙatar kariya. Yawancin lokaci, masu juyawa zasu haɗu da masu tsaro a cikin tursunonin lantarki a cikin masu juyawa. Duk da haka, tun da waɗannan abubuwa kawai sun fitar da hawan ƙananan matakan lantarki, ya kamata ku yi la'akari da yin amfani da na'urorin kare rayuka (SPD) a lokuta.

A baya, wasu masana'antun sun yi amfani da darajar wasan kwaikwayo a cikin takaddunansu. Ba a sanya su alama mai kyau na SPD ba, kuma ba'a yarda da su ba ta kowace kungiyoyi masu kyau. Binciken baya goyon bayan wannan ƙayyadewa.

Ba'a tallafawa takardun bayani na lokacin amsawa ta kowace kungiya da ke kula da na'urorin Tsaro na Surge.IEEE C62.62 Takaddun shaida na musamman don SPDs sun ambata shi musamman kada a yi amfani dashi azaman ƙayyadewa.

Ƙungiyar rarraba wutar lantarki ta Amurka ita ce tsarin TN-CS. Wannan yana nuna cewa mai haɗin kai da na ƙasa suna haɗuwa a ƙofar sabis na kowannensu, da kowane abu, kayan aiki ko ɗayan tsarin da aka samo. Wannan yana nufin cewa yanayin kariya tsakanin kasa da ƙasa (NG) a cikin tsarin SPD mai yawa wanda aka sanya a ƙofar ƙofar sabis yana da mahimmanci. Bugu da ƙari daga wannan alamar NG, irin su bangarori na rarraba reshe, buƙatar wannan ƙarin yanayin kariya ya fi dacewa. Bugu da ƙari ga yanayin NG na kare, wasu SPDs zasu iya haɗawa da tsaka-tsaki (LN) da kariya ga layi (LL). A cikin tsarin WYE guda uku, buƙatar kariya ta LL ba shi da kwarewa a matsayin kariya na LN kuma yana bada ma'auni na kariya ga masu jagorantar LL.
Canje-canje ga edition na 2002 na National Electrical Code® (NEC®) (www.nfpa.org) sun hana amfani da SPDs a kan tsarin samar da wutar lantarki mara kyau. Bayan wannan furci mai ma'ana shine nufin cewa SPDs ba za a haɗa ta LG ba ta hanyar yin wadannan hanyoyi na kariya suna haifar da filayen nesa ga tsarin ruwa. Hanyoyin kariya da aka haɗa LL duk da haka sun yarda. Tsarin tsarin delta na kafa-wuri ne tsarin tsari kuma kamar yadda wannan ya ba da izini don kare hanyoyin da za a haɗa LL da LN ko LG.

Ana sakawa shigarwar SPDs sau da yawa a fahimta. Kyakkyawan SPD, wanda ba a dace ba, yana iya tabbatar da rashin amfani a halin da ake ciki na ainihi. Hanyoyin haɗari na yanzu, maɗaukaki na karuwa, zai haifar da ƙananan volt a kan jagorancin haɗa SPD zuwa panel ko kayan aiki ana kare. Wannan yana nufin mafi girma fiye da nauyin da ake so wanda ya isa kayan aiki a lokacin yanayin hawan. Rahoton ya nuna cewa matakan da za a magance wannan tasiri sun haɗa da gano SPD don kiyaye haɗin gwargwadon gwangwani a takaice kamar yadda zai yiwu, karkatar da waɗannan ya jagoranci tare. Yin amfani da ma'auni mai yawa AWG na USB yana taimakawa har zuwa wannan amma wannan abu ne kawai na aiki na biyu. Yana da mahimmanci don kiyaye kariya da marasa tsaro ba tare da karewa ba kuma ya jagoranci raba domin kaucewa haɗin giciye na makamashi na gaba.

Wannan tambaya ce mai wuya kuma ya dogara da abubuwa da yawa ciki har da - shafukan yanar gizo, yanki shine matakan juyayi da mai ba da amfani. Nazarin ilimin lissafin walƙiya ya nuna cewa ƙaddamarwar walƙiya ta tsakanin 30 da 40kA, yayin da kawai 10% na fitattun walƙiya ya wuce 100kA. Baiwa cewa kisa ga mai ba da izinin watsawa zai iya raba duk abin da aka samu a halin yanzu wanda aka samu a cikin hanyoyi masu rarraba, gaskiyar halin da ake ciki a yanzu yana iya zama ƙasa da yadda aka yi da walƙiya wanda ya sace shi.

Hanyar ANSI / IEEE C62.41.1-2002 na neman kwatanta yanayin lantarki a wurare daban-daban a duk wani makami. Yana bayyana wurin wurin shiga sabis kamar tsakanin yanayin B da C, ma'ana cewa zazzagewa zuwa 10kA 8 / 20 za a iya dandanawa a waɗannan wurare. Wannan ya ce, SPDs da ke cikin irin waɗannan wurare suna da yawa da aka kwatanta a sama da irin waɗannan matakan don samar da yanayin rayuwa mai dacewa, 100kA / lokaci zama na hali.

Kodayake galibi ana amfani dashi azaman maganganu daban-daban a cikin masana'antar haɓaka, Transients da Surges iri ɗaya ne. Masu wucewa da Ragewa na iya zama na yanzu, ƙarfin lantarki, ko duka biyun kuma suna iya samun ƙimar darajar fiye da 10kA ko 10kV. Galibi suna cikin gajeren lokaci (yawanci> 10 &s & <1 ms), tare da madaurin igiyar wuta wanda ke da saurin tashi zuwa kololuwa sannan kuma ya faɗi ƙasa da saurin da ke tafe. Ana iya haifar da Transients da Surges ta hanyar kafofin waje kamar walƙiya ko gajeren zagaye, ko kuma daga tushe na ciki kamar sauya mai tuntuɓar, arian saurin Saurin Vaura, Canjin Capaura, da dai sauransu.

Tsaran kwanakin baya (TOVs) sune lokaci-lokaci zuwa ƙasa ko lokaci-lokaci-lokaci akan ƙwanƙwasa wanda zai iya zama kadan a cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci ko kuma tsawon lokacin minti daya. Maganar TOV ta ƙunshi ƙusar ƙeta, sauyawa da sauyawa, sauya yanayin ƙasa, ƙetare guda-lokaci da kuma tasirin ƙwayar cuta don kiran wasu. Saboda hawan ƙarfin wutar lantarki mai tsawo da tsawon lokaci, TOV na iya zama mummunan haɗari ga SPD ta MOV. Ana ƙara TOV zai iya haifar da lalacewa ta atomatik ga SPD kuma ya sa injin aiki bai iya aiki ba. Ka lura cewa yayin da UL 1449 (3rd Edition) ya tabbatar da cewa SPD ba zai haifar da haɗari na haɗari ba a karkashin waɗannan yanayi, ba a tsara SPDs don karewa daga TOVs ba.

Gwajin hasken wutar lantarki mai sauƙi shine ƙarfin da ya fi ƙarfin wahala don kare shi. Binciken ya ba da shawara cewa Tsarin ƙasa da haɗin tsarin lantarki da yin amfani da kariya mai kyau yana iya kare kayan aiki mai mahimmanci. A SPD tare da mafi girma a halin yanzu rating rating zai yi mafi kyau a kan irin wannan taron, idan an haɗa ta da kyau kuma tsarin shimfidawa ne isasshen. Mafi yawan wanda zai iya tsayayya matsayi halin yanzu rating an bayyana a cikin IEEE SPD Standard C62.62.

SVR wani ɓangare ne na tsohuwar version na UL 1449 Edition kuma baya amfani dashi a cikin daidaitattun UL 1449. An maye gurbin SVR ta VPR.

VPR yana cikin ɓangaren UL 1449 3rd Edition kuma shine bayanan haɓakawa na SPDs. Kowane yanayin SPD an hura shi ne a kan nau'in nauyin haɓaka kan hawan 6kV / 3kA kuma ma'auni mai ɗaukar nauyin da aka auna ya kewaye shi zuwa darajar da take kusa da shi a kan tebur na 63.1 daga UL 1449 3rd Edition.

UL 96A shine daidaitattun tsarin tsarin tsabtace walƙiya. Ginin da zai hadu da UL 96A dole ne ya sami nau'in 1 SPD ɗin tare da Nominal Discharge Current rating of 20kA da aka shigar a ƙofar sabis.

Wasu bambance-bambance tsakanin Maballin 1 da Rubuta 2 SPDs sune:

• Tsarin Kariya na Kari. Rubuta 2 SPDs na iya buƙatar matsanancin waje
  kariya ko kuma ana iya haɗa shi cikin SPD. Rubuta nau'ikan 1 SPDs
  Kariya a cikin SPD ko wasu hanyoyi don cika bukatun
  na misali; Saboda haka, Rubuta 1 SPDs kuma Rubuta 2 SPDs wanda basu buƙatar waje
  na'urorin kare kariya sun kayar da yiwuwar shigar da wani kuskure
  An ƙayyade (nau'in nau'in) nau'in kariya ta kariya tare da SPD.
• Rajista Nemi Naɗawa Yanzu Rahotanni. Shafin Yanayin Nemi Na Musamman Yanzu (A)
  Mahimmanci na 1 SPDs sune 10 kA ko 20 kA; yayin da, Rubuta 2 SPDs na iya samun 3
  kA, 5 kA, 10 kA ko 20 kA Nominal Discharge Yanzu ƙimar.
• UL 1283 EMI / RFI Tacewa. Wasu SPLs na UL 1449 sun hada da hanyoyin tace
  wanda aka ƙayyade a matsayin UL 1283 (Standard for Tsarin Tsakanin Electromagnetic
  Fitawa) tace. Wadannan sune UL da aka ladafta su a matsayin tace UL 1283 da UL
  1449 SPD. Ta hanyar ma'anar da UL 1283, UL 1283 An tsara sunayen su
  an ƙayyade don aikace-aikacen kayan aiki kawai, ba aikace-aikacen layi ba.
  Sakamakon haka, UL ba za ta ba da jerin sunayen kyauta irin na 1 SPD a matsayin jerin UL 1283 ba.
  tace. Duk da haka, irin nau'in 1 SPD zai iya haɗawa da tace UL 1283 a matsayin Ganin
  Mawallafi a cikin wani Rubutun da aka Lissafi 1 SPD, wanda aka kimanta dashi sosai don layin
  amfani. Masu sana'a na waɗannan samfurori sukan bayar da SPD a matsayin mai
  Rubuta SPD ta 2 UL 1449 tare da Lissafi na Gida kamar jerin sunayen UL 1283
  tace.
• Ma'aikata. Za a iya amfani da masu amfani da su a cikin Rubutun 1 SPDs don kare lafiyarsu
  bambanta fiye da Rubutun 2 SPDs. Dukkan ƙarfin haɗi a Rubutun 1 SPD aikace-aikace ne
  an kimantawa zuwa UL 810 (Dalilai ga masu haɗaka). Wannan ya hada da tsaftace ƙwaƙwalwar ajiya
  wanda aka rubuta a sama a cikin UL 1283 (Tsararren Filters na Tsarin Tsarin Hoto)
  aikace-aikace. Ana tsara masu yin amfani da su a cikin 2 SPDs zuwa UL 1414 (Standard for
  Ma'aikata da wakilai don Radio- da Television-Type Appliances) da / ko
  UL 1283 (Tsararra don Fassara Tsarin Hoto na Electromagnetic).

Rubuta 1 SPDs (Lissafi) - An haɗa shi da haɗin kai, SPDs mai sauƙi
shigarwa tsakanin sakandare na mai siginar sabis da layin gefen babban
kayan aiki na kayan aiki na kariya, da maɓallin kaya na babban
kayan aiki (watau nau'in 1 ɗin na iya shigarwa a ko'ina cikin rarraba
tsarin). Rubuta 1 SPDs sun hada da sakonni na mita watt-watt SPDs. Kasancewa kan
Layin gefen sabis yana cire haɗin inda babu wasu na'urori masu kariya
kare SPD, Rubuta 1 SPDs dole ne a jera ba tare da yin amfani da wani waje ba
na'urar tsaro. Ƙididdigar Nominal Disherantar Yanzu Rahotanni na 1 SPDs ne ko dai
10kA ko 20kA.

Rubuta 2 SPDs (Lissafi) - An haɗa shi da haɗin kai, SPDs mai sauƙi
shigarwa a kan ƙananan kayan aiki na kayan aiki na kayan aiki mai tsafta.
Wadannan SPDs za a iya sanya su a babban kayan aiki, amma dole ne a shigar su
nau'in kaya na babban kayan tsaro mai kariya. Rubuta 2 SPDs mai yiwuwa ko ƙila
bazai buƙatar na'urar kare kariya ba ta hanyar NRTL. Idan takamaiman
Ana buƙatar kariya ta gaba ɗaya, fayil ɗin NRTL na SPD da lakabi / umarni
Ana buƙata a lura da girman da kuma nau'in kayan kare mai karewa. Lura: A wasu
lokuta mai kariya na karewa wanda aka yi amfani da shi zai iya tasiri da rashin amincewa
SPD. Alal misali, SPD na iya samun 10 kA kyauta ta yanzu
lokacin da aka kare shi ta hanyar 30 Amp mai ba da fashewar iska da kuma na 20 kA na yanzu
rating lokacin da aka kiyaye shi ta hanyar daban daban amma ƙayyadewa da kuma samfurin na gaba ɗaya
na'urar karewa. Ƙididdiga Nominal Discharge Rahotanni na yau da kullum na 2 SPDs shine 3 kA, 5
kA, 10 kA, ko 20 kA.

Rubuta 3 SPDs (Lissafi) - Wadannan SPDs ana kiran su, 'Bay of Use SPDs', waɗanda suke
za a sanya su a tsawon mita 10 mai tsawo na mita (30 ƙafa) daga wutar lantarki
sabis na sabis sai dai idan an kimanta su a Type 2 SPDs (watau, suna karɓar Nominal
Rajista 3 KA na yanzu da aka ƙaddara). Yawancin lokaci, waɗannan haɗin haɗin haɗi ne
kamfanonin, SPDs mai kwakwalwa, ko SPDs mai shigarwa da aka sanya a kayan aiki
ana kiyaye (watau kwakwalwa, kwafin injin, da dai sauransu).

Rubuta 1, 2, 3 Sha'idar Majalisar SPDs (Abubuwan Da aka Fahimta) - Waɗannan SPDs ne
An yi niyyar shigar da kayan aiki a cikin kayan aiki na lantarki ko amfani ta ƙarshe
kayan aiki. Wadannan an san abubuwan SPD da aka kimanta don amfani a cikin irin 1, 2 ko 3
SPD aikace-aikace. Irin waɗannan SPDs dole ne su wuce dukkanin matsalar rashin lafiya ta wutar lantarki
gwaje-gwaje kamar yadda aka rubuta kamar 1, 2 ko 3 SPDs. Duk da yake waɗannan SPD sune 100% mai yarda daga aminci
Maƙasudin gwajin gwagwarmaya, waɗannan nau'ikan 1, 2 da 3 ƙungiyar SPD sun ƙunshi
yanayi na amincewa kamar kamfanonin fallasa ko sauran aikin injiniya
Wannan yana buƙatar su shigar da su ko a cikin cikin jerin da aka lissafa don samar da kariya
daga ƙwaƙwalwa zuwa sassa na rayuwa ko wasu bukatun. Wadannan Rubutun 1, 2 ko 3 sun gane
Kayan SPDs bazai dame shi ba tare da ANSI / UL 1449-2006 Irin 4 Component
Majalisai da Rubutun 5 masu sassaucin SPD waɗanda suke buƙatar ƙarin kayan aiki
(yiwuwar kare lafiya), zane da gwajin don amfani da shi azaman cikakken hawan
na'urar tsaro.

Rubuta Sashen 4 Component SPD (Abubuwan Da aka Fahimta) - Wadannan sassa
majalisai sun ƙunshi ɗaya ko fiye nau'in 5 SPD da aka haɗa tare da mai haɗin ƙyama
(na ciki ko waje) ko kuma hanyar da za a bi da ƙananan gwaje-gwaje a yanzu a UL 1449,
Sashe na 39.4. Wadannan majalisun SPD ba su cika ba, wanda yawanci an shigar su
an tsara samfurori masu amfani da ƙare idan dai an cika dukkan yanayi na karɓa. Wadannan Rubutun 4
ƙungiyoyi masu haɗaka basu cika kamar SPD ba, suna buƙatar ƙarin kimantawa kuma basu
An ƙyale a shigar a cikin filin a matsayi mai zaman kanta SPD. Sau da yawa, waɗannan na'urori suna buƙata
ƙarin kariyar kariya.

Rubuta 5 SPD (Mai ganewa) - Na'urorin haɓakaccen haɓakaccen nau'in haɓaka,
kamar MOVs da za a iya saka su a kan allo mai kwakwalwa, wanda aka haɗa ta hanyar jagora ko
da aka bayar a cikin wani gado tare da hawan ma'ana da kuma ƙarewar haɗi. Wadannan Nau'in
5 SPD abubuwan da aka gyara ba su cika kamar SPD, suna buƙatar ƙarin gwadawa ba kuma ba
An ƙyale a shigar a cikin filin a matsayi mai zaman kanta SPD. Rubuta 5 SPDs ne gaba daya
da aka yi amfani da shi a cikin zane da kuma gina cikakkun SPDs ko wasu SPD
majalisai.

SSCR-Short Circuit Current Rating. Samun dacewar SPD don amfani a kan hanyar wutar lantarki wanda ke iya aikawa fiye da yadda aka nuna rms daidaitacce a halin yanzu a wani na'ura na lantarki da aka bayyana a yayin yanayin yanayin gajeren lokaci. SCCR ba daidai ba ne da AIC (Amp Capacity Capacity). SCCR shine adadin "samuwa" a halin yanzu wanda SPD zai iya shafar kuma a amince ya cire haɗin daga maɓallin wutar lantarki a yanayin yanayin zagaye na kusa. Adadin "katsewa" na yau da kullum ta SPD shi ne yawanci wanda ya rage ƙasa da "samuwa" yanzu.

UL 1449 da National Electric Code (NEC) suna buƙatar SCCR (Ra'ayin Range Masu Gaggawa) don a yi alama a kan dukkanin SPD. Ba fifita ba ne, amma matsakaicin halin da aka bari a SPD na iya katsewa a yayin da aka gaza. NEC / UL yana buƙatar cewa SPD za a jarraba shi kuma a lakafta shi tare da SCCR daidai da, ko mafi girma fiye da halin da ake ciki a yanzu a cikin tsarin.

A yayin da aka tantance SPD, ba da cikakkiyar bayani game da aikin da ake buƙata da kuma siffofi. Bayanan ƙayyadewa ya kamata ya haɗa da:

• Ƙarancin hawan UL

• Maɓallin ragewa

• Yanayin gajeren lokaci

• Girgira yana ci gaba a halin yanzu (LN, LG, da NG)

• wutar lantarki da sanyi na sabis na lantarki

SPD wani na'ura ne wanda aka tsara don ƙayyade ƙarfin hawan lantarki ga kayan aiki na lantarki. Yana yin haka ta hanyar karkatarwa ko iyakance yawan tayi a yanzu. An aika SPD a layi daya da kayan aikin da ake nufi don karewa. Da zarar ƙarfin wutar lantarki ya wuce bayanan da aka kwatanta shi "fara farawa" kuma yana farawa da yin tasirin makamashi ta hanyar kai tsaye ga tsarin lantarki. SPD yana da matukar damuwa a wannan lokaci da kuma "gajeren wutan lantarki" makamashi zuwa ƙasa. Da zarar hawan saman yana kan shi "ya buɗe", saboda haka ba ya haifar da haɗuwa masu fashewa.