How do I select a proper Prosurge SPD for my application?

Though we try our best to offer an extensive, thorough product presentation on our website, catalogs and other documents, we believe the best way for model selecting is to consult with us with your requirement and then our professional will recommend a suitable model.

What are ANSI/UL 1449 Third Edition Versus IEC 61643-1 – Key Differences In Testing

The following examines a few of the key differences between Underwriters Laboratory’s required test for surge protective devices (SPDs); ANSI/UL 1449 Third Edition and the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) required test for SPDs, IEC 61643-1. Short Circuit Current Rating (SCCR): The capacity of current with which the tested SPD can withstand at the terminals where connected, without breaching the enclosure in any way. UL: Tests the full product at twice the nominal voltage to see if entire product is completely offline. The entire product (as shipped) is tested; including metal oxide varistors (MOVs). IEC: Test only looks at the terminals and the physical connections to determine if they are robust enough to handle the fault. MOVs are replaced with a copper block and a manufacturer’s recommended fuse is placed in-line (external to the device). Imax: Per IEC 61643-1 – The crest value of a current through the SPD having an 8/20 waveshape and magnitude according to the test sequence of the class II operating duty test. UL: Does not recognize the need for an Imax test. IEC: An operating duty cycle test is used to ramp up to an Imax point (determined by the manufacturer). This is meant to find “blind points” within the design when subjected to a high level impulse. This is conducted as a life expectancy or robustness test. The fuse needs to withstand Imax, and the test checks thermal stability of the SPD (after each duty cycle impulse bringing the SPD up to its maximum continuous operating voltage MCOV) and its physical condition。 I nominal: The crest value of the current through the SPD having a current waveshape of 8/20. UL: I nominal test is similar to the IEC’s, however, the I nominal results do not link to a Up value (a value used internationally for electrical coordination). Instead, UL uses I nominal to determine a product’s Voltage Protection Rating (VPR). Levels are limited to a maximum of 20 kA. The SPD remains functional after 15 surges. IEC: Does not limit I nominal testing to 20kA, however, the manufacturer’s selected In level is used to get a Up value, a value considered to be the protective performance of the SPD. This value is used for electrical coordination(ratings of building wire, equipment). Therefore the goal of the manufacturer is to try to attain the highest Inominal level with the lowest Up results. Many manufactures opt to only test as high as 20 kA so they will appear to have a low Up. Class versus category UL: UL Type designation is a location designator with a difference to the way I nominal is tested (for device which provides SCCR needs to be included and survive when doing I nominal testing). IEC: Designates certain tests as a class I, II, or III. Class designation between I and II has to do with the impulse applied – Class I; an I imp test (10×350) and a class II – 8 x 20 μs. The IEC designates certain tests as a class I, II, or III and can beconfused with UL’s Type I, II, III, or IV designations. There is some validity to both identifying the product’s approved installation location (UL) and applying a more robust impulse/waveform to those products that will be installed in harsher locations (IEC). Waveforms: A graph of an impulse wave that shows its shape and changes in amplitude with time. UL: Recognizes the 8 x 20 μs waveform. IEC: The IEC incorporates 2 waveforms into their test, the 8 x 20 μs which is used for class II testing to represent surges induced onto power lines. And the 10 x 350 μs waveform which is used for class I testing that represents partial or direct lightning currents (due to building or power line strikes).The IEC also uses other ring wave type waveforms for point of use (class III) tests.

How do I know which is the correct surge protection device that must be installed?

Choosing the right surge arrester(s) is a key factor to guarantee correct protection of the installation. A poorly designed Lightning & Surge protection system may lead to early ageing of the SPD and potential failure of the protective devices in the installation allowing damage to the primary systems up stream, thus defeating the rationale behind the protection being installed Prosurge does not provide a set of rules and guides to support acorrect design of the protection system according to the application. However we follow the IEC and UL lightning and surge protection standards. With this in mind we provide a cascaded system as laid down in the rules of the standard, not the rules of Prosurge. In the field of industrial applications, a standard practice is to install a cascaded protection system based on several coordinated protective devices installed at different stages (LPZ’s). The benefit of this strategy is the fact that it allows a high discharge capacity close to the installation entrance along with a low residual voltage (level of protection) at the main incomer of installation of sensitive equipment. The design of such a protective system is, amongst other factors, based on the assessment of information such as existence of a lightning rod (Lightning Protection System) and type of incoming power supply lines, secondary primary equipment and data systems. The solutions provide protection against either Transient or Permanent (TOV) overvoltages or against both of them (T+P) simultaneously. The final product choice depends on parameters such as: type of installation, type of network disconnection (operation on MCB or RCD), auto reclosing, breaking capacity, etc. Usually you can refer IEC61643- Low-voltage surge protective devices – Part 12:Surge protective devices connected to low-voltage power distribution systems -Selection and application principles

Can lightning destroy the photovoltaic system?

Photovoltaic systems are technologically highly sensitive and a direct lightning strike would definitely destroy it. There is also yet another hazard,as a lightning strike could create surge voltage near the solar power system and these surge voltages can also destroy the system. The inverter is the primary point in need of protection. Usually, inverters will integrate surge-voltage protectors into their inverters. However, since these components only discharge small voltage peaks, you should consider using surge protective devices (SPD) in individual cases.

Are joule ratings a specification used for SPD?

In the past, some manufacturers have used joule ratings in their specifications. They are not considered a good indicator for SPD performance and not recognized by any standard organizations. Prosurge doesn’t support this specification also.

Is “Response Time”a valid specification?

Response time specifications are not supported by any standards organizations overseeing Surge Protective Devices.IEEE C62.62 Standard Test Specification for SPDs specifically mentions it should not be used as a specification.

What are the different power systems in use in the US and what are the protection needs for each?

The US power distribution system is a TN-C-S system. This implies that the Neutral and Ground conductors are bonded at the service entrance of each, and every, facility or separately derived sub-system. This means that the neutral-to-ground (N-G) protection mode within a multi-mode SPD installed at the service entrance panel is basically redundant. Further from this N-G bondpoint, such as in branch distribution panels, the need for this additional mode of protection is more warranted. In addition to the N-G protection mode, some SPDs can include line-to-neutral (L-N) and line-to-line (L-L) protection. On a three phase WYE system, the need for L-L protection is questionable as balanced L-N protection also provides a measure of protection on the L-L conductors. Changes to the 2002 edition of the National Electrical Code® (NEC®) (www.nfpa.org) have precluded the use of SPDs on ungrounded delta power distribution systems. Behind this rather broad statement is the intention that SPDs should not be connected L-G as by so doing these modes of protection are creating pseudo grounds to the floating system. Modes of protection connected L-L are however acceptable.The high-leg delta system is a grounded system and as such allows for protection modes to be connected L-L and L-N or L-G.

How does installation affect the performance of SPDs?

The installation of SPDs is often poorly understood. A good SPD, incorrectly installed, can prove of little benefit in real-life surge conditions. The very high rate-of-change of current, typical of a surge transient, will develop significant volt drops on the leads connecting the SPD to the panel or equipment being protected. This can mean higher than desired voltages reaching the equipment during such a surge condition. Prosurge suggests that measures to counteract this effect include locating the SPD so as to keep interconnecting lead lengths as short as possible, twisting these leads together. Using a heavier gauge AWG cable helps to some extent but this is only a second order effect. It is also important to keep protected and unprotected circuits and leads separate to avoid cross coupling of transient energy.

What is a practical surge rating for service entrance protection?

This is a difficult question and depends on many aspects including – site exposure, regional is okeraunic levels and utility supply. A statistical study of lightning strike probability reveals that the average lightning discharge is between 30 and 40kA, while only 10% of lightning discharges exceed 100kA. Given that a strike to a transmission feeder is likely to share the total current received into anumber of distribution paths, the reality of the surge current entering a facility can be very much less than that of the lightning strike which precipitate it. The ANSI/IEEE C62.41.1-2002 standard seeks to characterize the electrical environment at different locations throughout a facility. It defines the service entrance location as between a B and C environment, meaning that surge currents up to 10kA 8/20 can be experienced in such locations. This said,SPDs located in such environments are often rated above such levels to provide a suitable operating life expectancy, 100kA/phase being typical.

What are surges transients, and temporary over-voltages, and what are their typical characteristics?

Although often used as separate terms in the surge industry, Transients and Surges are the same phenomenon. Transients and Surges can be current, voltage, or both and can have peak values in excess of 10kA or 10kV. They are typically of very short duration (usually >10 µs & <1 ms), with a waveform that has a very rapid rise to the peak and then falls off at a much slower rate. Transients and Surges can be caused by external sources such as lightning or a short circuit, or from internal sources such as Contactor switching, Variable Speed Drives, Capacitor switching, etc. Temporary over voltages (TOVs) are oscillatory phase-to-ground or phase-to-phase over voltages that can last as little as a few seconds or as long as several minutes. Sources of TOV’s include fault reclosing, load switching, ground impedance shifts,single-phase faults and ferroresonance effects to name a few. Due to their potentially high voltage and long duration, TOV’s can be very detrimental to MOV-based SPD’s. An extended TOV can cause permanent damage to an SPD and render the unit inoperable. Note that while UL 1449 (3rd Edition) ensures that the SPD will not create a safety hazard under these conditions, SPDs are not designed to protect against TOVs.

Do SPDs protect against direct lightning strikes?

A direct lighting strike is the most powerful and difficult surge to protect against. Prosurge recommend that Proper grounding and bonding of the electrical system and employing proper surge protection can protect sensitive equipment. A SPD with a higher single surge current rating will perform best against this type of event, if the unit is properly installed and the grounding system is adequate.The maximum single withstand surge current rating is defined in IEEE SPD Standard C62.62.

What is Suppressed Voltage Rating (SVR) and Voltage Protection Rating (VPR)?

SVR was part of an earlier version of UL 1449 Edition and is no longer used in the UL 1449 standard. The SVR was replaced by VPR. VPR is part of the UL 1449 3rd Edition and is the clamping performance data for SPDs. Each SPD mode is subjected to a 6kV/3kA combination surge wave and its measured clamping value is rounded up to the nearest value based on table 63.1 from UL 1449 3rd Edition.

How are SPDs related to UL 96A?

UL 96A is the standard for Lightning Protection systems. For a building to meet UL 96A is must have a Type 1 SPD with a Nominal Discharge Current rating of 20kA installed at the service entrance.

How does a Type 1 SPD compare to a Type 2 SPD?

Some key differences between Type 1 and Type 2 SPDs are: External Overcurrent Protection. Type 2 SPDs may require external overcurrent protection or it may be included within the SPD. Type 1 SPDs generally include overcurrent protection within the SPD or other means to satisfy the requirements of the standard; thus, Type 1 SPDs and Type 2 SPDs that do not require external overcurrent protection devices eliminate the potential for installing an incorrectly rated (mismatched) overcurrent protection device with the SPD. Nominal Discharge Current Ratings. Available Nominal Discharge Current (In) ratings of Type 1 SPDs are 10 kA or 20 kA; whereas, Type 2 SPDs may have 3 kA , 5 kA, 10 kA or 20 kA Nominal Discharge Current ratings. UL 1283 EMI/RFI Filtering. Some UL 1449 Listed SPDs include filter circuits that have been evaluated as a UL 1283 (Standard for Electromagnetic Interference Filters) filter. These are complimentary UL Listed as a UL 1283 filter and a UL 1449 SPD. By definition and the scope of UL 1283, UL 1283 Listed filters are evaluated for load-side applications only, not line-side applications. Consequently, UL will not complimentary list a Type 1 SPD as a UL 1283 Listed filter. However, a Type 1 SPD might include a UL 1283 filter as a Recognized Component within a Listed Type 1 SPD, which has been fully evaluated for lineside usage. Manufacturers of such products generally offer the identical SPD as a Type 2 UL 1449 Listed SPD with complimentary Listing as a UL 1283 Listed filter. Capacitors. Capacitors utilized in Type 1 SPDs may be evaluated for safety differently than in Type 2 SPDs. All capacitors in Type 1 SPD applications are evaluated to UL 810 (Standard for Capacitors). This includes filtering capacitors referenced above in UL 1283 (Standard for Electromagnetic Interference Filters) applications. Capacitors in Type 2 SPDs are evaluated to UL 1414 (Standard for Capacitors and Suppressors for Radio- and Television-Type Appliances) and/or UL 1283 (Standard for Electromagnetic Interference Filters).

What are the UL SPD Type categories and what do they mean?

Type 1 SPDs (Listed) – Permanently connected, hard-wired SPDs intended for installation between the secondary of the service transformer and the line side of the main service equipment overcurrent protective device, as well as the load side of the main service equipment (i.e. Type 1’s can be installed anywhere within the distribution system). Type 1 SPDs include watt-hour meter socket enclosure type SPDs. Being on the line side of the service disconnect where there are no overcurrent protective devices to protect an SPD, Type 1 SPDs must be listed without the use of an external overcurrent protective device. The Nominal Discharge Current Rating for Type 1 SPDs is either 10kA or 20kA. Type 2 SPDs (Listed) – Permanently connected, hard-wired SPDs intended for installation on the load side of the main service equipment overcurrent protective device. These SPDs may also be installed at the main service equipment, but must be installed on the load side of the main service overcurrent protective device. Type 2 SPDs may or may not require an overcurrent protection device per their NRTL listing. If a specific overcurrent protection is required, the SPD’s NRTL listing file and labeling/instructions are required to note the size and type of overcurrent protective device. Note: In some cases the overcurrent protective device used can impact the nominal discharge rating of the SPD. For example, the SPD may have a 10 kA nominal discharge current rating when protected by a 30 Amp circuit breaker and a 20 kA nominal discharge current rating when protected by a different but specific make and model of overcurrent protection device. The Nominal Discharge Current Rating for Type 2 SPDs is 3 kA, 5 kA, 10 kA, or 20 kA. Type 3 SPDs (Listed) – These SPDs are called, ‘Point of Utilization SPDs’, which are to be installed at a minimum conductor length of 10 meter (30 feet) from the electrical service panel unless they are evaluated at Type 2 SPDs (that is, they receive a Nominal Discharge Current Rating of 3 kA minimum). Typically, these are cord-connected surge strips, direct plug-in SPDs, or receptacle-type SPDs installed at the utilization equipment being protected (i.e. computers, copy machines, etc.). Type 1, 2, 3 Component Assembly SPDs (Component Recognized) – These SPDs are intended to be factory installed into electrical distribution equipment or end-use equipment. These are Recognized Component SPDs evaluated for use in Type 1, 2 or 3 SPD applications. Such component SPDs must pass all the same electrical safety failure tests as listed Type 1, 2 or 3 SPDs. While these SPDs are 100% compliant from a safety failure testing point of view, these Type 1, 2 and 3 component assembly SPDs have conditions of acceptability such as exposed terminals or other mechanical construction that requires them to be installed or housed within a listed assembly to provide protection from exposure to live parts or other requirements. These Type 1, 2 or 3 Recognized Component SPDs should not be confused with ANSI/UL 1449-2006 Type 4 Component Assemblies and Type 5 discrete SPD components that require additional components (possibly safety disconnectors), design and testing in order to be used as a complete surge protective device. Type 4 Component Assembly SPD (Component Recognized) –– These component assemblies consist of one or more Type 5 SPD components together with a disconnector (integral or external) or a means of complying with the limited current tests in UL 1449, Section 39.4. These are incomplete SPD assemblies, which typically are installed in listed end-use products as long as all conditions of acceptability are met. These Type 4 component assemblies are incomplete as an SPD, require further evaluation and are not permitted to be installed in the field as a stand-alone SPD. Often, these devices require additional overcurrent protection. Type 5 SPD (Component Recognized) – Discrete component surge protection devices, such as MOVs that may be mounted on a printed wiring board, connected by its leads or provided within an enclosure with mounting means and wiring terminations. These Type 5 SPD components are incomplete as an SPD, require further evaluation and are not permitted to be installed in the field as a stand-alone SPD. Type 5 SPDs are generally the components used in the design and construction of complete SPDs or other SPD assemblies.

What is the UL Short Circuit Current Rating (SCCR)?

SSCR-Short Circuit Current Rating. The suitability of an SPD for use on an AC power circuit that is capable of delivering not more than a declared rms symmetrical current at a declared voltage during a short circuit condition. SCCR is not the same as AIC (Amp Interrupting Capacity). SCCR is the amount of “available”current that the SPD can be subjected to and safely disconnect from the power source under short circuit conditions. The amount of current “interrupted” by the SPD is typically significantly less than the “available” current. UL 1449 and the National Electric Code (NEC) require the SCCR (Short Circuit Current Rating) to be marked on all SPD units. It is not a surge rating, but the maximum allowable current a SPD can interrupt in the event of failure. The NEC/UL has a requirement that the SPD be tested and labelled with a SCCR equal to, or greater than the available fault current at that point in the system.

What is important when specifying SPD?

When specifying SPD, submit a clear, concise specification detailing the required performance and design features. A minimum specification should include: • UL surge rating • Suppression rating • Short circuit rating • Peak surge current per mode (L-N, L-G, and N-G) • voltage and configuration of electrical service

What is a Surge Protective Device or Surge Arrestor (SPD)?

SPD is a device designed to limit surge energy to electrical equipment. It does this by diverting or limiting surge current. An SPD is wired in parallel to the equipment it is intended to protect. Once the surge voltage exceeds its designed rating it “begins to clamp” and starts to conduct energy directly to the electrical grounding system. An SPD has a very low resistance during this time and “shorts” the energy to ground. Once the surge is over it “opens” up, so it does not trigger upstream circuit breakers.

CÀBHA - Ceistean

Q: Do SPDs protect against direct lightning strikes?

A direct lighting strike is the most powerful and difficult surge to protect against. Prosurge recommend that Proper grounding and bonding of the electrical system and employing proper surge protection can protect sensitive equipment. A SPD with a higher single surge current rating will perform best against this type of event, if the unit is properly installed and the grounding system is adequate.The maximum single withstand surge current rating is defined in IEEE SPD Standard C62.62.

Ciamar a bhios mi a 'taghadh SPD iomchaidh airson an tagraidh agam?sgaoileadh2017-10-31T17:34:33+08:00

Ciamar a bhios mi a 'taghadh SPD iomchaidh airson an tagraidh agam?

Ged a tha sinn a 'feuchainn ar dìcheall taisbeanadh tairgse farsaing a thoirt seachad air ar làrach-lìn, catalogan agus sgrìobhainnean eile, tha sinn a' creidsinn gur e an dòigh as fheàrr airson a bhith a 'taghadh modail co-chomhairle a dhèanamh leinn le do riatanas agus an uair sin molaidh ar proifeiseanta modal freagarrach.

Dè a th 'ann ANSI / UL 1449 Treas Deasachadh Versus IEC 61643-1 - Prìomh dhìthean ann an deuchainneansgaoileadh2017-10-31T17:29:56+08:00

Dè a th 'ann ANSI / UL 1449 Treas Deasachadh Versus IEC 61643-1 - Prìomh dhìthean ann an deuchainnean

Tha na leanas a 'sgrùdadh cuid de na prìomh eadar-dhealachaidhean eadar deuchainn riatanach Fo-sgrìobhadairean Underwriters airson uidheam dìon dìon (SPDs); Dh'fheumadh ANSI / UL 1449 Treas Deasachadh agus Coimisean Electrotechnical International (IEC) deuchainn airson SPDs, IEC 61643-1.

Raon Geàrr-chunntas Cuairt-làimhe Gearr (SCCR): Comas làithreach leis am faod an SPD deuchainn a bhith a 'seasamh aig na puingean far a bheil iad ceangailte, gun a bhith a' briseadh a 'chuain ann an dòigh sam bith.

UL: Dèan deuchainn air an toradh iomlan aig dà uair an bholtadh ainmichte gus faicinn a bheil an toradh iomlan gu tur air-loidhne. Tha an toradh gu lèir (mar a chaidh a chur a-mach) air a dhearbhadh; gabhail a-steach luchd-atharrachaidh meatailt ocsaíd (MOV).

IEC: Chan eil deuchainn a 'coimhead ach air na puingean agus na ceanglaichean corporra gus faighinn a-mach a bheil iad làidir gu leòr gus an locht a làimhseachadh. Thèid bloc copair a chur an àite MOVan agus thèid fiù a thathar a 'moladh a dhèanamh le inneal-lìn (taobh a-muigh an inneil).

Imax: Per IEC 61643-1 - Luach cresta a tha an-dràsta tron SPD a 'toirt tonnan agus meud 8 / 20 a rèir an t-sreath deuchainn deuchainn dleastanais obrachaidh clas II.

UL: Chan eil e ag aithneachadh an fheum air deuchainn Imax.

IEC: Tha deuchainn cearcall dleastanais obrachaidh air a chleachdadh gus rampa suas gu puing Imax (air a dhearbhadh leis an neach-dèanamh). Bu chòir seo a bhith a ’lorg“ puingean dall ”taobh a-staigh an dealbhaidh nuair a tha e fo smachd ìre àrd. Tha seo air a dhèanamh mar dheuchainn dùil-beatha no neart. Feumaidh am fiùs seasamh ri Imax, agus bidh an deuchainn a ’sgrùdadh seasmhachd teirmeach an SPD (às deidh gach brosnachaidh cearcall dleastanais a’ toirt an SPD chun bholtachd obrachaidh leantainneach MCOV as motha) agus a staid corporra physical

Tha mi ag ainmeachadh: Luach na h-ìomhaigh a tha an-dràsta tron SPD aig a bheil gnàth-shruth 8 / 20.

UL: Tha deuchainn ainmichte coltach ris na IEC, ge-tà, chan eil na toraidhean ainmichte agam a 'ceangal ri luach Suas (luach air a chleachdadh gu h-eadar-nàiseanta airson co-òrdanachadh dealain). An àite sin, bidh UL a 'cleachdadh mi ainmichte airson a bhith a' dearbhadh Measadh Dìon Voltage (VPR). Tha na h-ìrean cuingealaichte gu a 'chuid as motha de 20 kA. Tha an SPD fhathast gnìomhach an dèidh 15 surges.

IEC: Chan eil e a 'cuingealachadh deuchainn ainmichte I gu 20kA, ge-tà, thathar a' cleachdadh ìre In-roghnachaidh an neach-dèanaidh gus luach Suas fhaighinn, luach air a mheas mar coileanadh dìon an SPD. Tha an luach seo air a chleachdadh airson co-òrdanachadh dealain (rangachadh de uèir thogalach, uidheamachd).

Mar sin is e amas an neach-dèanaimh feuchainn ris an ìre ionmholta as àirde fhaighinn leis na toraidhean as ìsle. Tha mòran de na toglaichean a 'roghnachadh a bhith a' dèanamh deuchainn cho àrd ri 20 kA agus mar sin bidh coltas gu bheil ìseal ìseal aca.

Clas a rèir seòrsa

UL: Tha ainm seòrsa UL na neach-dealbhaidh àite le eadar-dhealachadh air an dòigh anns a bheil mi a 'dèanamh deuchainn air a dhearbhadh (airson inneal a tha a' toirt seachad SCCR feumar a bhith air a ghabhail a-steach agus a bhith beò nuair a bhios mi a 'dèanamh deuchainn ainmichte).

IEC: A ’sònrachadh deuchainnean sònraichte mar chlas I, II, no III. Bu chòir sònrachadh clas eadar I agus II a bhith a ’buntainn ris a’ chasg a chaidh a chuir an sàs - Clas I; deuchainn I imp (10 × 350) agus clas II - 8 x 20 μs.

Bidh an IEC a 'comharrachadh deuchainnean sònraichte mar chlas I, II, no III agus faodar a cho-fhreagairt le ainmean UL's Type I, II, III, no IV. Tha cuid de dhligheachd ann gus an dà chuid a bhith a 'comharrachadh an àite suidheachaidh aontaichte (UL) an toraidh agus a' cur an-àirde impulse / waveform nas làidire ris na stuthan sin a thèid a stàladh ann an ionadan nas cruaidhe (IEC).

Cruth-tonnan: Graf de thonn-inntinn a tha a 'sealltainn a chumadh agus atharrachaidhean ann am farsaingeachd le ùine.

UL: A 'tuigsinn an tonn-chruth 8 x 20 μs.

IEC: Tha IEC a 'toirt a-steach cruth-tonn 2 a-steach don deuchainn aca, an 8 x 20 μs a tha air a chleachdadh airson deuchainnean clas II a bhith a' riochdachadh sreathan a tha air an toirt gu loidhnichean cumhachd. Agus an tonn-chruth 10 x 350 μs a tha air a chleachdadh airson deuchainnean clas I a tha a 'riochdachadh sruthan pàtranach no dealanach (ri linn togail no stailcean loidhne chumhachd). Bidh IEC cuideachd a' cleachdadh fhoirmean tonn eile ann an seòrsa tonn wave airson deuchainnean puing cleachdaidh (clas III).

Ciamar a tha fios agam cò an uidheam dìon dìon àrd a dh'fheumas a bhith air a stàladh?sgaoileadh2017-10-31T17:28:05+08:00

Ciamar a tha fios agam cò an uidheam dìon dìon àrd a dh'fheumas a bhith air a stàladh?

Is e prìomh fheart a th ’ann a bhith a’ dèanamh cinnteach gu bheil dìon ceart air an stàladh. Dh ’fhaodadh siostam dìon Lightning & Surge air a dhroch dhealbhadh a bhith a’ fàs nas sine den SPD agus fàilligeadh a dh’fhaodadh a bhith aig na h-innealan dìon san stàladh a ’ceadachadh milleadh a dhèanamh air na prìomh shiostaman suas an t-sruth, agus mar sin a’ chùis air an fheallsanachd air cùl an dìon a bhith air a chuir a-steach

Chan eil Prosurge a 'toirt seata de riaghailtean agus de dh' iùil gus taic a thoirt do dhealbhadh co-cheart den t-siostam dìon a rèir an tagraidh. Ach tha sinn a 'leantainn inbhean dìon dealanach ICE agus UL. Le seo ann an cuimhne tha sinn a 'toirt seachad siostam fuasgailte mar a chaidh a mhìneachadh ann an riaghailtean a' chànain, chan e riaghailtean Prosurge.

Ann an raon nan gnìomhachasan gnìomhachais, is e cleachdadh àbhaisteach siostam dìon sruthadh a stàladh stèidhichte air grunn innealan dìon co-òrdanaichte air an cur suas aig diofar ìrean (LPZ). Is e buannachd na ro-innleachd seo gu bheil e a 'leigeil le comas sgaoilidh àrd faisg air an t-slighe a-steach a-steach còmhla ri foltas ìseal (ìre dìon) aig a' phrìomh ionad a tha a 'tighinn a-steach do stàladh innealan mothachail.

Tha dealbhadh siostam dìon leithid seo, am measg nithean eile, stèidhichte air measadh fiosrachaidh mar a bhith ann an slat dealanaich (Siostam Dìon Lightning) agus an seòrsa de shiostaman solarachaidh cumhachd a thig a-steach, uidheamachd àrd-sgoile agus siostaman dàta.

Bidh na fuasglaidhean a 'toirt dìon thairis an dà chuid thairis air an Tiomnadh no Buan (TOV) no an dà chuid (T + P) aig an aon àm.

Tha an roghainn toraidh deireannach an crochadh air paramedrau mar: seòrsa de stàladh, seòrsa de dhì-cheangal lìonraidh (obrachadh air MCB no RCD), ath-nuadhachadh fèin-ghluasad, comas briseadh, msaa.

Mar as trice faodaidh tu iomradh a thoirt air IEC61643- Innealan dìon bho bholtadh ìosal - Pàirt 12: Innealan dìon borb ceangailte ri siostaman cuairteachaidh cumhachd bholtachd ìosal - Prionnsapalan taghaidh agus tagraidh

An urrainn dha dealanach an siostam photovoltaic a sgrios?sgaoileadh2017-10-31T17:26:31+08:00

An urrainn dha dealanach an siostam photovoltaic a sgrios?

Tha siostaman photovoltaic gu ìre mhòr mothachail gu teicneòlach agus bhiodh stailc dealanach dìreach air a sgrios gu cinnteach. Tha cunnart eile ann cuideachd, oir dh'fhaodadh stailc dealanach voltas àrdachadh faisg air siostam cumhachd na grèine agus faodaidh na follaidean àrdachaidh seo an siostam a sgrios cuideachd. Is e an inverter am prìomh àite a tha feumach air dìon. Mar as trice, bidh luchd-tionndaidh a 'toirt a-steach dìonan dìon-foltas dhan luchd-tionndaidh aca. Ach, seach nach eil na co-phàirtean sin a 'leigeil a-mach mullaich beaga foltachd a-mhàin, bu chòir dhut beachdachadh air innealan dìon àrda (SPD) a chleachdadh ann an cùisean fa leth.

A bheil rangachadh joule ann an sònrachadh air a chleachdadh airson SPD?sgaoileadh2017-10-31T17:25:41+08:00

A bheil rangachadh joule ann an sònrachadh air a chleachdadh airson SPD?

San àm a dh'fhalbh, tha cuid de luchd-dèanamh air ìrean joule a chleachdadh anns na sònrachaidhean aca. Chan eilear den bheachd gu bheil iad nan comharran math airson coileanadh SPD agus gun a bhith aithnichte le buidhnean coitcheann sam bith. Chan eil Prosurge a 'toirt taic don sònrachadh seo cuideachd.

A bheil "Freagairt Àm" ann an sònrachadh dligheach?sgaoileadh2017-10-31T17:24:47+08:00

A bheil "Freagairt Àm" ann an sònrachadh dligheach?

Chan eil sònrachadh ùine freagairt a 'faighinn taic bho bhuidhnean inbheach sam bith a tha a' cumail sùil air Innealan dìon Surge. Tha Sònrachadh Deuchainn Coitcheann ann an SPNUMX airson SPDs a 'toirt iomradh gu sònraichte air nach bu chòir a chleachdadh mar shònrachadh.

Dè na diofar shiostaman cumhachd a thathar a 'cleachdadh anns na SA agus dè na feumalachdan dìon airson gach fear?sgaoileadh2017-10-31T17:23:39+08:00

Dè na diofar shiostaman cumhachd a thathar a 'cleachdadh anns na SA agus dè na feumalachdan dìon airson gach fear?

Is e siostam TN-CS siostam sgaoileadh cumhachd na SA. Tha seo a 'ciallachadh gu bheil an luchd-stiùiridh Neutral agus Ground ceangailte aig inntrigeadh seirbheis gach fo-shiostam, agus a h-uile, goireas no fa leth. Tha seo a 'ciallachadh nach eil am modh dìon neutral-to-ground (NG) taobh a-staigh SPD ioma-modh a tha air a chuir a-steach aig pannal inntrigidh an t-seirbheis gu math feumach. A bharrachd bhon làrach-lìn NG seo, mar ann am pannalan sgaoileadh meuran, tha barrachd feum air an dòigh dìon seo a bharrachd. A bharrachd air modh dìon NG, faodaidh cuid de SPDan a bhith a 'gabhail a-steach dìon loidhne-gu-neutral (LN) agus dìon loidhne-gu-loidhne (LL). Air siostam WYE trì ìrean, tha an fheum air dìon LL air a cheasnachadh oir tha dìon cothromach LN cuideachd a 'toirt seachad tomhas de dhìon air na stiùirichean LL.
Tha atharrachaidhean air an tionndadh 2002 den National Electrical Code® (NEC®) (www.nfpa.org) air bacadh a chur air cleachdadh SPDs air siostaman sgaoileadh cumhachd aonaichte deta. Air cùlaibh an aithris seo, tha e na rùn nach bu chòir SPD a bhith ceangailte ri LG oir le bhith a 'dèanamh nan modhan dìon seo, tha iad a' cruthachadh adhbharan giùlain don t-siostam bhoghaidh. Ge-tà, tha na modhan dìon a tha ceangailte ri LL air an gabhail a-steach. Tha an siostam cruaidh delta stèidhichte air siostam stèidhichte agus mar sin tha e comasach dha modhan dìon a bhith ceangailte LL agus LN no LG.

Ciamar a bheir an stàladh buaidh air coileanadh SPDs?sgaoileadh2017-10-31T17:19:51+08:00

Ciamar a bheir an stàladh buaidh air coileanadh SPDs?

Gu tric chan eil droch thuigse air stàladh SPDs. Faodaidh SPD math, a tha air a stàladh gu ceart, dearbhadh nach eil mòran buannachd ann an suidheachaidhean làitheil fìor. Leasaichidh ìre àrd-atharrachaidh an latha an-diugh, a tha àbhaisteach ann an sruth-mara, gluasad follaiseach cudromach air na soithichean a tha a 'ceangal an SPD ris a' phannal no an uidheam a tha air a dhìon. Faodaidh seo a bhith a 'ciallachadh bholtasan nas àirde na thathar ag iarraidh a' ruigsinn an uidheamachd fhad 's a tha iad a' fàs. Tha Prosurge a 'moladh gu bheil ceumannan airson a bhith a' toirt buaidh air a 'bhuaidh seo a' toirt a-steach a bhith a 'suidheachadh an SPD gus am bi na goireasan luaidhe eadar-cheangail cho geàrr' s as urrainn, agus bidh iad sin a 'leantainn còmhla. Le bhith a 'cleachdadh càball nas truime tha càball AWG a' cuideachadh gu ìre ach chan eil seo ach buaidh dàrna òrdugh. Tha e cuideachd cudromach a bhith a 'cumail chuairtean dìon agus gun dìon agus a' stiùireadh air leth gus casg a chur air co-chòrdadh de chumhachd gluasadach.

Dè a th 'ann an ìre àrdachadh practaigeach airson dìon inntrigidh seirbheis?sgaoileadh2017-10-31T17:17:34+08:00

Dè a th 'ann an ìre àrdachadh practaigeach airson dìon inntrigidh seirbheis?

Is e ceist dhuilich a tha seo agus tha e an crochadh air mòran nithean a 'gabhail a-steach - nochdadh làraich, ìrean roinneil okeraunic agus solarachadh ghoireasan. Tha sgrùdadh staitistigeil de choltas dealanach a 'nochdadh gu bheil an sgaoileadh dealanaich cuibheasach eadar 30 agus 40kA, agus dìreach 10% de sgaoileadh dealanach nas àirde na 100kA. A chionn 's gu bheil stailc gu làimhseachadh tar-choltaidh buailteach a bhith a' roinn an t-sruth iomlan a gheibhear ann an àireamh de shlighean sgaoileadh, faodaidh fìrinn an t-sruth a tha a 'dol a-steach do ghoireas a bhith gu math nas lugha na an stailc dealanaich a tha a' teannachadh air.

Tha an inbhe ANSI / IEEE C62.41.1-2002 ag amas air a bhith a 'comharrachadh an àrainneachd dealain aig diofar àiteachan air feadh goireas. Tha e a 'mìneachadh an t-slighe a-steach don t-seirbheis mar eadar àrainneachd B agus C, a' ciallachadh gum faod eòlas a bhith ann air sruthan àrda suas gu 10kA 8 / 20 ann an àiteachan mar sin. Thuirt seo, gu bheil ìrean SPD a tha suidhichte anns na h-àrainneachdan sin gu tric air an rangachadh os cionn nan ìrean sin gus dùil-beatha obrachaidh freagarrach a thoirt seachad, mar as àbhaist 100kA / phase.

Dè a th 'ann an gluasadan àrdachadh, agus over-voltages sealach, agus dè na feartan àbhaisteach aca?sgaoileadh2017-10-31T17:16:14+08:00

Dè a th 'ann an gluasadan àrdachadh, agus over-voltages sealach, agus dè na feartan àbhaisteach aca?

Ged a tha iad gu tric air an cleachdadh mar theirmean fa leth ann an gnìomhachas an t-seallaidh, tha Transients agus Surges an aon rud. Faodaidh transients agus Surges a bhith gnàthach, bholtaids, no an dà chuid agus faodaidh luachan as àirde a bhith aca nas àirde na 10kA no 10kV. Tha iad mar as trice glè ghoirid (mar as trice> 10 µs & <1 ms), le cruth tonn a tha ag èirigh gu math luath chun stùc agus an uairsin a ’tuiteam dheth aig ìre gu math nas slaodaiche. Faodaidh gluasadan agus Surges adhbhrachadh le stòran taobh a-muigh leithid dealanach no cuairt ghoirid, no bho stòran a-staigh leithid atharrachadh Contactor, Drives Speed Variable, atharrachadh Capacitor, msaa.

Tha os-bholtaitean sealach (TOVs) os cionn ìre ceum-gu-talamh no ìre gu ìre thar bholtagan a dh 'fhaodadh a bhith a' mairsinn cho beag ri beagan dhiogan no cho fada ri grunn mhionaidean. Tha stòran TOV a 'gabhail a-steach ath-chuairteachadh dìth, atharrachadh luchdachadh, gluasad impedance talmhainn, faillidhean aon-ìre agus buaidhean fòghnaidh gus beagan ainmeachadh. Air sgàth 's gum faodadh iad a bhith àrd bholtachd agus fad-ùine, faodaidh TOV a bhith fìor dhroch bhuaidh air SPD stèidhichte air MOV. Faodaidh TOV leudaichte milleadh maireannach a dhèanamh air SPD agus an aonad a dhèanamh neo-chomasach. Thoir fa-near, ged a tha UL 1449 (3rd Edition) a 'dèanamh cinnteach nach cruthaich SPD cunnart sàbhailteachd fo na cumhaichean seo, chan eil SPDs air an dealbhadh gus dìon an aghaidh TOVs.

A bheil dìon SPDan an aghaidh stailcean dealanach dìreach?sgaoileadh2017-10-31T17:13:42+08:00

A bheil dìon SPDan an aghaidh stailcean dealanach dìreach?

Is e stailc solais dìreach an t-easgann as cumhachdaiche agus as duilghe a dhìon an aghaidh. Tha Prosurge a 'moladh gum faod bunait agus ceangal ceart an t-siostam dealain agus a bhith a' fastadh dìon dìon àrdachadh dìon air uidheamachd mothachail. Nì SPD le rangachadh làithreach nas àirde a bhith a 'coileanadh nas fheàrr an aghaidh an t-seòrsa tachartais seo, ma tha an t-aonad air a stàladh gu ceart agus gu bheil an siostam fuirich iomchaidh. Tha an ìre as àirde a tha a' seasamh an-àirde a 'seasamh ann an IEEE SPD Standard C62.62.

Dè a th 'ann an tomhas-lìonaidh voltas (Supplemented Voltage Rating (SVR) agus Voltage Protection Rating (VPR)?sgaoileadh2017-10-31T17:10:31+08:00

Dè a th 'ann an tomhas-lìonaidh voltas (Supplemented Voltage Rating (SVR) agus Voltage Protection Rating (VPR)?

Bha SVR mar phàirt de dhreach nas tràithe de UL 1449 Edition agus chan eil e air a chleachdadh a-nis ann an inbhe UL 1449. Chaidh VPR a chur na àite an SVR.

Tha VPR mar phàirt den UL 1449 3rd Edition agus is e an dàta coileanaidh clampaidh airson SPDs. Tha gach modh SPD fo ùmhlachd tonnan cumhang 6kV / 3kA agus tha a luach clampaidh tomhais air a chuairteachadh suas chun an luach as fhaisge stèidhichte air clàr 63.1 bho UL 1449 3rd Edition.

Ciamar a tha SPD co-cheangailte ri UL 96A?sgaoileadh2017-10-31T17:05:54+08:00

Ciamar a tha SPD co-cheangailte ri UL 96A?

Is e UL 96A an siostam airson siostaman Dìon Lightning. Feumaidh togalach 96 SPD a bhith aig cruinneachadh airson coinneachadh ri UL 1A le rangachadh an-dràsta de 20kA aig an t-seirbheis fosglaidh ainmichte.

Ciamar a tha Type 1 SPD coimeas ri Type 2 SPD?sgaoileadh2017-10-31T17:01:51+08:00

Ciamar a tha Type 1 SPD coimeas ri Type 2 SPD?

Is e cuid de na h-eadar-dhealachaidhean as cudromaiche eadar Type 1 agus Type 2 SPDs:

Dìon thairis air taobh a-muigh. Dh'fhaoidte gum bi feum air seòrsa 2 SPDs taobh a-muigh na buidhne
dìon no dh'fhaodadh gum bi e air a ghabhail a-steach taobh a-staigh an SPD. San fharsaingeachd tha seòrsa 1 SPDs a 'gabhail a-steach
dìon thar-roinneil taobh a-staigh an SPD no dòighean eile gus na riatanasan a choileanadh
den ìre; mar sin, Seòrsa 1 SPDs agus Type 2 SPDs nach eil feumach air taobh a-muigh
bidh innealan dìon thar-thairis a 'cur às don chomas airson a bhith a' stàladh mì-chothromach
air an rangachadh (mì-chothromach) inneal dìon thar-roinneil leis an SPD.
Ràiteadh Ainmeil Ràthan làithreach. Às-bhanntachd Ainmeil ri fhaotainn An-dràsta (a-steach)
Tha rangachadh de Type 1 SPDs 10 kA no 20 kA; ach, is dòcha gum bi 2 aig Type 3 SPD
kA, 5 kA, 10 kA no 20 kA Lùghdachadh Ainmeil Ùrachaidhean làithreach.
UL 1283 EMI / RFI Filtadh. Tha cuid de SPDan UL 1449 a 'gabhail a-steach cuairtean criathra
a chaidh a mheas mar UL 1283 (Standard airson Eadar-theachd Electromagnetic
Sgàilearan). Tha iad sin air an liostadh le UL mar sgàilear UL 1283 agus UL
1449 SPD. Le mìneachadh agus farsaingeachd UL 1283, UL 1283 Tha criathran liostaichte
air a mheasadh airson tagraidhean taobh-luchd a-mhàin, chan e tagraidhean taobh loidhne.
Mar thoradh air an sin, cha bhi UL a 'toirt seachad seòrsa 1 SPD mar UL 1283 air a liostadh
criathrag. Ach, dh'fhaodadh gum bi seòrsa 1 ann an SPD Type 1283 mar Aithne
Com-pàirt taobh a-staigh Seòrsa Clàraichte 1 SPD, a chaidh a mheasadh gu tur airson taobh loidhne
cleachdadh. Mar as trice tha luchd-dèanamh de na stuthan sin a 'tabhann an SPD mar a
Type 2 UL 1449 Liosta SPD le Liosta tairgse mar UL 1283 Liostaichte
criathrag.
Comasan. Faodar comas a chleachdadh ann an Type 1 SPDs a mheas airson sàbhailteachd
eadar-dhealaichte seach ann an Type 2 SPDs. Tha a h-uile comharra-stiùiridh ann an tagraidhean Type 1 SPD
air a mheasadh gu UL 810 (Standard for Capacitors). Tha seo a 'gabhail a-steach co-chomharran craolaidh
air an ainmeachadh gu h-àrd ann an UL 1283 (Coitcheann airson sgrìoban toraidh electromagnetic)
iarrtasan. Bidh na comasan ann an Type 2 SPDs air an luachadh gu UL 1414 (Standard for
Comasairean agus Luchd-dìon airson Radio-agus Telebhisean-seòrsa Innealan) agus / no
UL 1283 (Coitcheann airson Sgrìoban Tadhail Electromagnetic).

Dè na seòrsaichean seòrsa SPL UL agus dè tha iad a 'ciallachadh?sgaoileadh2017-10-31T16:58:48+08:00

Dè na seòrsaichean seòrsa SPL UL agus dè tha iad a 'ciallachadh?

Type 1 SPDs (Liostaichte) - ceangailte gu maireannach, SPDs cruaidh air a shònrachadh
Stàladh eadar àrd-ùrlar cruth-atharrachadh an t-seirbheis agus taobh loidhne na prìomh
uidheam seirbheis uidheam dìon dìonach, a bharrachd air taobh luchd na prìomh-inneal
uidheam seirbheis (ie faodaidh seòrsa 1 a bhith air a stàladh àite sam bith taobh a-staigh an sgaoileadh
siostam). Tha seòrsa 1 SPDs a 'gabhail a-steach raon dùn mheadair watt-hour. A bhith air an
tha taobh loidhne na seirbheis a 'dol an sàs far nach eil uidheam dìon dìonach ann
dìon SPD, feumaidh Class 1 SPDs a bhith air an liostadh gun a bhith a 'cleachdadh an taobh a-muigh thar a chèile
inneal dìon. Tha an rangachadh an-dràsta airson sgaoileadh seòrsa ainmeil 1 SPDs
10kA no 20kA.

Type 2 SPDs (Liostaichte) - ceangailte gu maireannach, SPDs cruaidh air a shònrachadh
stàladh air taobh luchd-uidheam dìon uidheamachd prìomh sheirbheis.
Faodaidh na SPDan sin a bhith air an stàladh cuideachd aig prìomh uidheam seirbheis, ach feumaidh iad a bhith air an stàladh air
taobh luchd-obrach inneal dìon thairis air prìomh sheirbheis. Is dòcha gu bheil Type 2 SPDs
chan eil feum air inneal dìon thar-rianach a rèir an liosta NRTL aca. Ma tha e sònraichte
tha feum air dìon thar-roinneil, faidhle liostadh NRTL an SPD agus bileag / stiùireadh
a 'toirt fa-near do mheud agus seòrsa de dhìon dìon thairis air. Nota: Ann an cuid dhiubh
chùisean faodaidh an inneal dìon thar-ghnàthach a thathar a 'cleachdadh buaidh a thoirt air ìre an t-sgaoilidh ainmail
an SPD. Mar eisimpleir, 's dòcha gum bi ìre làithreach an-dràsta 10 kA ann an SPD
nuair a tha e air a dhìon le ciorradair 30 Amp agus sgaoilidh ainmichte 20 kA an-dràsta
ìre nuair a thèid a dhìon le dèanamh agus modail eadar-dhealaichte ach sònraichte
inneal dìon. Is e an t-airgead a-mach ainmnichte an-dràsta airson seòrsa 2 SPDs 3 kA, 5
kA, 10 kA, no 20 kA.

Type 3 SPDs (Liostaichte) - Canar 'SPDan Point of Utilization' ris na SPDan sin, a tha gu
a bhith air a chuir a-steach aig astar stiùiridh 10 (30 troighean) aig an ìre as lugha bhon dealan
pannal seirbheis mura tèid an luachadh aig Type 2 SPDs (is e sin, gheibh iad ainm-ainm
Às-làithreach Measadh làithreach de 3 kA as ìsle). Mar as trice, tha iad sin air an ceangal le crann
stiallan, SPDan plug-in dìreach, no SPDan seòrsa gabhaidh a chaidh a chuir a-steach aig an uidheam cleachdadh
a bhith air a dhìon (ie coimpiutaran, innealan lethbhreac, msaa).

SPDs Co-chruinneachadh 1, 2, Com-pàirt 3 (Com-pàirt Aithnichte) - Tha na SPDan sin
a thathar an dùil a bhith mar fhactaraidh air a chuir a-steach do uidheamachadh dealain no cleachdadh deireadh
uidheamachd. Tha iad sin nan SPD Comharran aithnichte air an luachadh airson a chleachdadh ann an Type 1, 2 no 3
Iarrtasan SPD. Feumaidh SPD mar sin a bhith a 'toirt seachad an aon fhàilligeadh sàbhailteachd dealain
deuchainnean mar ainm 1, 2 no 3 SPDs. Ged a tha na SPDan sin 100% co-chòrdail bho shàbhailteachd
sealladh dearbhaidh fàilligeadh, tha na SPDan co-chruinneachadh seòrsa 1, 2 agus 3 aca
cumhaichean iomchaidh mar chrìochan fosgailte no togail innealan eile
a dh 'fheumas iad a bhith air an stàladh no air an cumail ann an co-chruinneachadh clàraichte gus dìon a thoirt seachad
bho nochdadh gu pàirtean beò no riatanasan eile. Tha an seòrsa 1, 2 no 3 aithnichte
Cha bu chòir com-pàirt SPDs a bhith air a thruailleadh le ANSI / UL 1449-2006 Comharradh 4 Component
Seanaidhean agus com-pàirtean SPD air leth sònraichte 5 a tha a 'feumachdainn pàirtean eile
('s dòcha dì-conaltradh sàbhailteachd), dealbhadh agus deuchainn gus a bhith air a chleachdadh mar shruth iomlan
inneal dìon.

Co-chruinneachadh seòrsa 4 SPD (Com-pàirt aithnichte) - A 'phàirt seo
Tha co-chruinneachaidhean aon no barrachd de chompàirtichean Type 5 SPD còmhla ri co-cheangal
(bunaiteach no taobh a-muigh) no dòigh air a bhith a 'gèilleadh ris na deuchainnean cuibhrichte làithreach ann an UL 1449,
Earrann 39.4. Is iad sin co-chruinneachaidhean iomlan SPD, a tha mar as trice air an cur a-steach
stuthan cleachdadh ceann-clàraichte cho fad 's a thèid coinneachadh ris a h-uile suidheachadh iomchaidh. An seòrsa 4 seo
tha co-chruinneachaidhean com-pàirteach neo-iomlan mar SPD, feumar tuilleadh measadh agus nach eil
cead ceadaichte a bhith air a chuir a-steach san raon mar SPD fa leth. Gu tric, feumar na h-innealan seo
dìon a bharrachd air leth.

Seòrsa 5 SPD (Comharra Aithnichte) - Innealan dìon àrdachadh fa-leth,
leithid MOVs a dh'fhaodadh a bhith air an cur air bòrd uidheam clò-bhuailte, ceangailte le a stiùir no
air a sholarachadh taobh a-staigh cladh le innealan sreapachaidh agus crìochnachadh uèirichean. Tha an seòrsa seo
Tha na pàirtean 5 SPD neo-iomlan mar SPD, feumar tuilleadh measadh agus nach eil
cead ceadaichte a bhith air a chuir a-steach san raon mar SPD fa leth. San fharsaingeachd, tha seòrsa 5 SPDs
co-phàirtean a thathar a 'cleachdadh ann an dealbhadh agus togail SPDan iomlan no SPD eile
co-chruinneachaidhean.

Dè a th 'ann an rangachadh cùrsa geàrr-ùine UL (SCCR)?sgaoileadh2017-10-31T16:52:02+08:00

Dè a th 'ann an rangachadh cùrsa geàrr-ùine UL (SCCR)?

SSCR-Short Circuit Current Rating. Suidheachadh freagarrachd SPD airson a chleachdadh air cuairteas cumhachd AC a tha comasach air a bhith a 'lìbhrigeadh nas fhaide na làithreach dearbhach co-chothromach aig foltas a tha air ainmeachadh gu dearbh ann an staid ghoirid. Chan eil SCCR mar an ceudna ri AIC (Cumadh A 'Cur A-steach Amp). Is e SCCR an ìre de "a tha ri fhaotainn" an-dràsta agus faodar an SPD a chuir an sàs agus a dhì-cheangal gu sàbhailte bhon stòr cumhachd fo chumhachan goirid. Mar as trice tha an ìre de "SPA" a th 'ann an-dràsta gu math nas lugha na an-dràsta' ri fhaighinn '.

Tha UL 1449 agus an National Electric Code (NEC) ag iarraidh gun tèid SCCR (Ciorram Gearr-chunntas An-dràsta) a chomharrachadh air gach aonad SPD. Chan e ìre àrdachaidh a th 'ann, ach faodaidh an ìre as àirde a ghabhas a cheadachadh SPD stad a chur air ma tha fàilligeadh. Tha riatanas air an NEC / UL gun deidheadh an SPD a dhearbhadh agus a bhith air a lipéadú le SCCR co-ionann ris, no nas motha na an t-siostam cungaidh a tha ri fhaighinn aig an àm sin san t-siostam.

Dè tha cudromach nuair a tha thu a 'comharrachadh SPD?sgaoileadh2017-10-31T16:31:39+08:00

Dè tha cudromach nuair a tha thu a 'comharrachadh SPD?

Nuair a tha thu a 'comharrachadh SPD, cuir a-steach sònrachadh soilleir, mionaideach a' toirt mion-fhiosrachadh air na feartan coileanaidh agus dealbhaidh a tha a dhìth. Bu chòir sònrachadh as ìsle a bhith a 'gabhail a-steach:

• Ìre àrdachadh UL

• Ìre socair

• Ìre geàrr-chuairt

• Àrdachadh àrda an-dràsta sa mhodh (LN, LG, agus NG)

• foltas agus rèiteachadh seirbheis dealain

Dè a th 'ann an uidheam dìon surge no tàirneas lann (SPD)?sgaoileadh2017-10-31T16:30:05+08:00

Dè a th 'ann an uidheam dìon surge no tàirneas lann (SPD)?

Is e uidheam a th 'ann an SPD a tha air a dhealbh gus crìonadh lùth a thoirt gu innealan dealain. Bidh e a 'dèanamh seo le bhith a' tarraing no a 'cuingealachadh làthaireachd an latha an-diugh. Tha SPD air a lìonadh ann an co-shìnte ris an uidheam a thathar an dùil a dhìon. Aon uair 's gu bheil am foltas àrdachadh nas àirde na an ìre deilbhte aige, tha e a' tòiseachadh a 'clampadh agus bidh e a' tòiseachadh a 'giùlan lùth dìreach ris an t-siostam dealain. Tha droch bhuaidh aig SPD aig an àm seo agus "shorts" an lùth gu talamh. Aon uair 's gu bheil an t-àrdachadh seachad bidh e "a' fosgladh" suas, mar sin chan eil e a 'toirt air falbh luchd-briste cuairteachaidh suas an abhainn.