How do I select a proper Prosurge SPD for my application?

Though we try our best to offer an extensive, thorough product presentation on our website, catalogs and other documents, we believe the best way for model selecting is to consult with us with your requirement and then our professional will recommend a suitable model.

What are ANSI/UL 1449 Third Edition Versus IEC 61643-1 – Key Differences In Testing

The following examines a few of the key differences between Underwriters Laboratory’s required test for surge protective devices (SPDs); ANSI/UL 1449 Third Edition and the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) required test for SPDs, IEC 61643-1. Short Circuit Current Rating (SCCR): The capacity of current with which the tested SPD can withstand at the terminals where connected, without breaching the enclosure in any way. UL: Tests the full product at twice the nominal voltage to see if entire product is completely offline. The entire product (as shipped) is tested; including metal oxide varistors (MOVs). IEC: Test only looks at the terminals and the physical connections to determine if they are robust enough to handle the fault. MOVs are replaced with a copper block and a manufacturer’s recommended fuse is placed in-line (external to the device). Imax: Per IEC 61643-1 – The crest value of a current through the SPD having an 8/20 waveshape and magnitude according to the test sequence of the class II operating duty test. UL: Does not recognize the need for an Imax test. IEC: An operating duty cycle test is used to ramp up to an Imax point (determined by the manufacturer). This is meant to find “blind points” within the design when subjected to a high level impulse. This is conducted as a life expectancy or robustness test. The fuse needs to withstand Imax, and the test checks thermal stability of the SPD (after each duty cycle impulse bringing the SPD up to its maximum continuous operating voltage MCOV) and its physical condition。 I nominal: The crest value of the current through the SPD having a current waveshape of 8/20. UL: I nominal test is similar to the IEC’s, however, the I nominal results do not link to a Up value (a value used internationally for electrical coordination). Instead, UL uses I nominal to determine a product’s Voltage Protection Rating (VPR). Levels are limited to a maximum of 20 kA. The SPD remains functional after 15 surges. IEC: Does not limit I nominal testing to 20kA, however, the manufacturer’s selected In level is used to get a Up value, a value considered to be the protective performance of the SPD. This value is used for electrical coordination(ratings of building wire, equipment). Therefore the goal of the manufacturer is to try to attain the highest Inominal level with the lowest Up results. Many manufactures opt to only test as high as 20 kA so they will appear to have a low Up. Class versus category UL: UL Type designation is a location designator with a difference to the way I nominal is tested (for device which provides SCCR needs to be included and survive when doing I nominal testing). IEC: Designates certain tests as a class I, II, or III. Class designation between I and II has to do with the impulse applied – Class I; an I imp test (10×350) and a class II – 8 x 20 μs. The IEC designates certain tests as a class I, II, or III and can beconfused with UL’s Type I, II, III, or IV designations. There is some validity to both identifying the product’s approved installation location (UL) and applying a more robust impulse/waveform to those products that will be installed in harsher locations (IEC). Waveforms: A graph of an impulse wave that shows its shape and changes in amplitude with time. UL: Recognizes the 8 x 20 μs waveform. IEC: The IEC incorporates 2 waveforms into their test, the 8 x 20 μs which is used for class II testing to represent surges induced onto power lines. And the 10 x 350 μs waveform which is used for class I testing that represents partial or direct lightning currents (due to building or power line strikes).The IEC also uses other ring wave type waveforms for point of use (class III) tests.

How do I know which is the correct surge protection device that must be installed?

Choosing the right surge arrester(s) is a key factor to guarantee correct protection of the installation. A poorly designed Lightning & Surge protection system may lead to early ageing of the SPD and potential failure of the protective devices in the installation allowing damage to the primary systems up stream, thus defeating the rationale behind the protection being installed Prosurge does not provide a set of rules and guides to support acorrect design of the protection system according to the application. However we follow the IEC and UL lightning and surge protection standards. With this in mind we provide a cascaded system as laid down in the rules of the standard, not the rules of Prosurge. In the field of industrial applications, a standard practice is to install a cascaded protection system based on several coordinated protective devices installed at different stages (LPZ’s). The benefit of this strategy is the fact that it allows a high discharge capacity close to the installation entrance along with a low residual voltage (level of protection) at the main incomer of installation of sensitive equipment. The design of such a protective system is, amongst other factors, based on the assessment of information such as existence of a lightning rod (Lightning Protection System) and type of incoming power supply lines, secondary primary equipment and data systems. The solutions provide protection against either Transient or Permanent (TOV) overvoltages or against both of them (T+P) simultaneously. The final product choice depends on parameters such as: type of installation, type of network disconnection (operation on MCB or RCD), auto reclosing, breaking capacity, etc. Usually you can refer IEC61643- Low-voltage surge protective devices – Part 12:Surge protective devices connected to low-voltage power distribution systems -Selection and application principles

Can lightning destroy the photovoltaic system?

Photovoltaic systems are technologically highly sensitive and a direct lightning strike would definitely destroy it. There is also yet another hazard,as a lightning strike could create surge voltage near the solar power system and these surge voltages can also destroy the system. The inverter is the primary point in need of protection. Usually, inverters will integrate surge-voltage protectors into their inverters. However, since these components only discharge small voltage peaks, you should consider using surge protective devices (SPD) in individual cases.

Are joule ratings a specification used for SPD?

In the past, some manufacturers have used joule ratings in their specifications. They are not considered a good indicator for SPD performance and not recognized by any standard organizations. Prosurge doesn’t support this specification also.

Is “Response Time”a valid specification?

Response time specifications are not supported by any standards organizations overseeing Surge Protective Devices.IEEE C62.62 Standard Test Specification for SPDs specifically mentions it should not be used as a specification.

What are the different power systems in use in the US and what are the protection needs for each?

The US power distribution system is a TN-C-S system. This implies that the Neutral and Ground conductors are bonded at the service entrance of each, and every, facility or separately derived sub-system. This means that the neutral-to-ground (N-G) protection mode within a multi-mode SPD installed at the service entrance panel is basically redundant. Further from this N-G bondpoint, such as in branch distribution panels, the need for this additional mode of protection is more warranted. In addition to the N-G protection mode, some SPDs can include line-to-neutral (L-N) and line-to-line (L-L) protection. On a three phase WYE system, the need for L-L protection is questionable as balanced L-N protection also provides a measure of protection on the L-L conductors. Changes to the 2002 edition of the National Electrical Code® (NEC®) (www.nfpa.org) have precluded the use of SPDs on ungrounded delta power distribution systems. Behind this rather broad statement is the intention that SPDs should not be connected L-G as by so doing these modes of protection are creating pseudo grounds to the floating system. Modes of protection connected L-L are however acceptable.The high-leg delta system is a grounded system and as such allows for protection modes to be connected L-L and L-N or L-G.

How does installation affect the performance of SPDs?

The installation of SPDs is often poorly understood. A good SPD, incorrectly installed, can prove of little benefit in real-life surge conditions. The very high rate-of-change of current, typical of a surge transient, will develop significant volt drops on the leads connecting the SPD to the panel or equipment being protected. This can mean higher than desired voltages reaching the equipment during such a surge condition. Prosurge suggests that measures to counteract this effect include locating the SPD so as to keep interconnecting lead lengths as short as possible, twisting these leads together. Using a heavier gauge AWG cable helps to some extent but this is only a second order effect. It is also important to keep protected and unprotected circuits and leads separate to avoid cross coupling of transient energy.

What is a practical surge rating for service entrance protection?

This is a difficult question and depends on many aspects including – site exposure, regional is okeraunic levels and utility supply. A statistical study of lightning strike probability reveals that the average lightning discharge is between 30 and 40kA, while only 10% of lightning discharges exceed 100kA. Given that a strike to a transmission feeder is likely to share the total current received into anumber of distribution paths, the reality of the surge current entering a facility can be very much less than that of the lightning strike which precipitate it. The ANSI/IEEE C62.41.1-2002 standard seeks to characterize the electrical environment at different locations throughout a facility. It defines the service entrance location as between a B and C environment, meaning that surge currents up to 10kA 8/20 can be experienced in such locations. This said,SPDs located in such environments are often rated above such levels to provide a suitable operating life expectancy, 100kA/phase being typical.

What are surges transients, and temporary over-voltages, and what are their typical characteristics?

Although often used as separate terms in the surge industry, Transients and Surges are the same phenomenon. Transients and Surges can be current, voltage, or both and can have peak values in excess of 10kA or 10kV. They are typically of very short duration (usually >10 µs & <1 ms), with a waveform that has a very rapid rise to the peak and then falls off at a much slower rate. Transients and Surges can be caused by external sources such as lightning or a short circuit, or from internal sources such as Contactor switching, Variable Speed Drives, Capacitor switching, etc. Temporary over voltages (TOVs) are oscillatory phase-to-ground or phase-to-phase over voltages that can last as little as a few seconds or as long as several minutes. Sources of TOV’s include fault reclosing, load switching, ground impedance shifts,single-phase faults and ferroresonance effects to name a few. Due to their potentially high voltage and long duration, TOV’s can be very detrimental to MOV-based SPD’s. An extended TOV can cause permanent damage to an SPD and render the unit inoperable. Note that while UL 1449 (3rd Edition) ensures that the SPD will not create a safety hazard under these conditions, SPDs are not designed to protect against TOVs.

Do SPDs protect against direct lightning strikes?

A direct lighting strike is the most powerful and difficult surge to protect against. Prosurge recommend that Proper grounding and bonding of the electrical system and employing proper surge protection can protect sensitive equipment. A SPD with a higher single surge current rating will perform best against this type of event, if the unit is properly installed and the grounding system is adequate.The maximum single withstand surge current rating is defined in IEEE SPD Standard C62.62.

What is Suppressed Voltage Rating (SVR) and Voltage Protection Rating (VPR)?

SVR was part of an earlier version of UL 1449 Edition and is no longer used in the UL 1449 standard. The SVR was replaced by VPR. VPR is part of the UL 1449 3rd Edition and is the clamping performance data for SPDs. Each SPD mode is subjected to a 6kV/3kA combination surge wave and its measured clamping value is rounded up to the nearest value based on table 63.1 from UL 1449 3rd Edition.

How are SPDs related to UL 96A?

UL 96A is the standard for Lightning Protection systems. For a building to meet UL 96A is must have a Type 1 SPD with a Nominal Discharge Current rating of 20kA installed at the service entrance.

How does a Type 1 SPD compare to a Type 2 SPD?

Some key differences between Type 1 and Type 2 SPDs are: External Overcurrent Protection. Type 2 SPDs may require external overcurrent protection or it may be included within the SPD. Type 1 SPDs generally include overcurrent protection within the SPD or other means to satisfy the requirements of the standard; thus, Type 1 SPDs and Type 2 SPDs that do not require external overcurrent protection devices eliminate the potential for installing an incorrectly rated (mismatched) overcurrent protection device with the SPD. Nominal Discharge Current Ratings. Available Nominal Discharge Current (In) ratings of Type 1 SPDs are 10 kA or 20 kA; whereas, Type 2 SPDs may have 3 kA , 5 kA, 10 kA or 20 kA Nominal Discharge Current ratings. UL 1283 EMI/RFI Filtering. Some UL 1449 Listed SPDs include filter circuits that have been evaluated as a UL 1283 (Standard for Electromagnetic Interference Filters) filter. These are complimentary UL Listed as a UL 1283 filter and a UL 1449 SPD. By definition and the scope of UL 1283, UL 1283 Listed filters are evaluated for load-side applications only, not line-side applications. Consequently, UL will not complimentary list a Type 1 SPD as a UL 1283 Listed filter. However, a Type 1 SPD might include a UL 1283 filter as a Recognized Component within a Listed Type 1 SPD, which has been fully evaluated for lineside usage. Manufacturers of such products generally offer the identical SPD as a Type 2 UL 1449 Listed SPD with complimentary Listing as a UL 1283 Listed filter. Capacitors. Capacitors utilized in Type 1 SPDs may be evaluated for safety differently than in Type 2 SPDs. All capacitors in Type 1 SPD applications are evaluated to UL 810 (Standard for Capacitors). This includes filtering capacitors referenced above in UL 1283 (Standard for Electromagnetic Interference Filters) applications. Capacitors in Type 2 SPDs are evaluated to UL 1414 (Standard for Capacitors and Suppressors for Radio- and Television-Type Appliances) and/or UL 1283 (Standard for Electromagnetic Interference Filters).

What are the UL SPD Type categories and what do they mean?

Type 1 SPDs (Listed) – Permanently connected, hard-wired SPDs intended for installation between the secondary of the service transformer and the line side of the main service equipment overcurrent protective device, as well as the load side of the main service equipment (i.e. Type 1’s can be installed anywhere within the distribution system). Type 1 SPDs include watt-hour meter socket enclosure type SPDs. Being on the line side of the service disconnect where there are no overcurrent protective devices to protect an SPD, Type 1 SPDs must be listed without the use of an external overcurrent protective device. The Nominal Discharge Current Rating for Type 1 SPDs is either 10kA or 20kA. Type 2 SPDs (Listed) – Permanently connected, hard-wired SPDs intended for installation on the load side of the main service equipment overcurrent protective device. These SPDs may also be installed at the main service equipment, but must be installed on the load side of the main service overcurrent protective device. Type 2 SPDs may or may not require an overcurrent protection device per their NRTL listing. If a specific overcurrent protection is required, the SPD’s NRTL listing file and labeling/instructions are required to note the size and type of overcurrent protective device. Note: In some cases the overcurrent protective device used can impact the nominal discharge rating of the SPD. For example, the SPD may have a 10 kA nominal discharge current rating when protected by a 30 Amp circuit breaker and a 20 kA nominal discharge current rating when protected by a different but specific make and model of overcurrent protection device. The Nominal Discharge Current Rating for Type 2 SPDs is 3 kA, 5 kA, 10 kA, or 20 kA. Type 3 SPDs (Listed) – These SPDs are called, ‘Point of Utilization SPDs’, which are to be installed at a minimum conductor length of 10 meter (30 feet) from the electrical service panel unless they are evaluated at Type 2 SPDs (that is, they receive a Nominal Discharge Current Rating of 3 kA minimum). Typically, these are cord-connected surge strips, direct plug-in SPDs, or receptacle-type SPDs installed at the utilization equipment being protected (i.e. computers, copy machines, etc.). Type 1, 2, 3 Component Assembly SPDs (Component Recognized) – These SPDs are intended to be factory installed into electrical distribution equipment or end-use equipment. These are Recognized Component SPDs evaluated for use in Type 1, 2 or 3 SPD applications. Such component SPDs must pass all the same electrical safety failure tests as listed Type 1, 2 or 3 SPDs. While these SPDs are 100% compliant from a safety failure testing point of view, these Type 1, 2 and 3 component assembly SPDs have conditions of acceptability such as exposed terminals or other mechanical construction that requires them to be installed or housed within a listed assembly to provide protection from exposure to live parts or other requirements. These Type 1, 2 or 3 Recognized Component SPDs should not be confused with ANSI/UL 1449-2006 Type 4 Component Assemblies and Type 5 discrete SPD components that require additional components (possibly safety disconnectors), design and testing in order to be used as a complete surge protective device. Type 4 Component Assembly SPD (Component Recognized) –– These component assemblies consist of one or more Type 5 SPD components together with a disconnector (integral or external) or a means of complying with the limited current tests in UL 1449, Section 39.4. These are incomplete SPD assemblies, which typically are installed in listed end-use products as long as all conditions of acceptability are met. These Type 4 component assemblies are incomplete as an SPD, require further evaluation and are not permitted to be installed in the field as a stand-alone SPD. Often, these devices require additional overcurrent protection. Type 5 SPD (Component Recognized) – Discrete component surge protection devices, such as MOVs that may be mounted on a printed wiring board, connected by its leads or provided within an enclosure with mounting means and wiring terminations. These Type 5 SPD components are incomplete as an SPD, require further evaluation and are not permitted to be installed in the field as a stand-alone SPD. Type 5 SPDs are generally the components used in the design and construction of complete SPDs or other SPD assemblies.

What is the UL Short Circuit Current Rating (SCCR)?

SSCR-Short Circuit Current Rating. The suitability of an SPD for use on an AC power circuit that is capable of delivering not more than a declared rms symmetrical current at a declared voltage during a short circuit condition. SCCR is not the same as AIC (Amp Interrupting Capacity). SCCR is the amount of “available”current that the SPD can be subjected to and safely disconnect from the power source under short circuit conditions. The amount of current “interrupted” by the SPD is typically significantly less than the “available” current. UL 1449 and the National Electric Code (NEC) require the SCCR (Short Circuit Current Rating) to be marked on all SPD units. It is not a surge rating, but the maximum allowable current a SPD can interrupt in the event of failure. The NEC/UL has a requirement that the SPD be tested and labelled with a SCCR equal to, or greater than the available fault current at that point in the system.

What is important when specifying SPD?

When specifying SPD, submit a clear, concise specification detailing the required performance and design features. A minimum specification should include: • UL surge rating • Suppression rating • Short circuit rating • Peak surge current per mode (L-N, L-G, and N-G) • voltage and configuration of electrical service

What is a Surge Protective Device or Surge Arrestor (SPD)?

SPD is a device designed to limit surge energy to electrical equipment. It does this by diverting or limiting surge current. An SPD is wired in parallel to the equipment it is intended to protect. Once the surge voltage exceeds its designed rating it “begins to clamp” and starts to conduct energy directly to the electrical grounding system. An SPD has a very low resistance during this time and “shorts” the energy to ground. Once the surge is over it “opens” up, so it does not trigger upstream circuit breakers.

FAQ - Prosurje

Q: Do SPDs protect against direct lightning strikes?

A direct lighting strike is the most powerful and difficult surge to protect against. Prosurge recommend that Proper grounding and bonding of the electrical system and employing proper surge protection can protect sensitive equipment. A SPD with a higher single surge current rating will perform best against this type of event, if the unit is properly installed and the grounding system is adequate.The maximum single withstand surge current rating is defined in IEEE SPD Standard C62.62.

Hoe kin ik in goeie proses SPD foar myn applikaasje selektearje?prosurge2017-10-31T17:34:33+08:00

Hoe kin ik in goeie proses SPD foar myn applikaasje selektearje?

Hoewol wy besykje ús bêste om in wiidweidige produktpresintaasje oan te bieden op ús webside, katalogussen en oare dokuminten, leauwe wy dat de bêste manier foar it wiskjen fan model is om te hifkjen mei ús jo fereaske en dan wurdt ús profesjonele in gaadlik model oanbean.

Wat binne ANSI / UL 1449-tredde útjefte Versus IEC 61643-1 - kaai ferskillen yn testenprosurge2017-10-31T17:29:56+08:00

Wat binne ANSI / UL 1449-tredde útjefte Versus IEC 61643-1 - kaai ferskillen yn testen

De neikommende ûndersiket in pear fan 'e kaaienunterschieden tusken Underwriters Laboratory's ferplichte test foar surge protective devices (SPDs); ANSI / UL 1449 Tredde útjefte en de Internationale Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) hawwe test foar SPDs, IEC 61643-1.

Short circuit Current Rating (SCCR): De kapasiteitsheid fan aktueel wêrmei't de beprate SPD by de terminalen stean kin, wêrby't ferbûn is, sûnder dat de opslach op ien of oare wize brekt.

UL: Testet it folsleine produkt op twa kear de nominale spanning om te sjen as it hiele produkt hielendal offal is. It folsleine produkt (as útfiert) wurdt besprutsen; wêrûnder metaalokside varistors (MOVs).

IEC: Test allinich sjocht op 'e terminen en de fysike ferbining om te bepalen as se robúst genôch binne om de flater te behanneljen. MOV's wurde ferfangen troch in koperblok en de oanrikkemedaasje fan in fabrikant wurdt ynrjochting pleatst (eksterne oan it apparaat).

Imax: Per IEC 61643-1 - De krijste wearde fan in aktueel troch de SPD mei in 8 / 20 waveshape en magnitude neffens de test-folchens fan 'e operaasjeklasse test fan klasse II.

UL: Neat de needsaak foar in Imax test te erkennen.

IEC: In wurksyklus test wurdt brûkt om omheech te gean nei in Imax punt (bepaald troch de fabrikant). Dit is bedoeld om "blinde punten" te finen binnen it ûntwerp as se ûnderwurpen wurde oan in hege ympuls. Dit wurdt útfierd as in libbensferwachting as robústens test. De lont moat tsjin Imax wjerstean, en de test kontroleart de thermyske stabiliteit fan 'e SPD (nei elke ympuls fan' e plichtcyclus bringt de SPD op syn maksimale trochgeande wurkspanning MCOV) en syn fysike tastân。

Ik nominale: De krijste wearde fan 'e aktuele troch de SPD mei in aktuele waveshape fan 8 / 20.

UL: I nominale test is te fergelykjen mei de IEC's, lykwols, de nominale resultaten ferwiderje gjin link nei in Upvalid (in ynternasjonaal wearde brûkt foar elektryske koördinaasje). UL brûkt i nominal om in spesjale beskerming fan 'e Voltage Protection Rating (VPR) te bepalen. Nivo's wurde beheind ta in maksimum fan 20 kA. De SPD bliuwt funksjonele nei 15.

IEC: Ik nim gjin test om te nimmen fan testen nei 20kA, mar de selektearre produkt yn de nivo wurdt brûkt om in Upwearde te krijen, in wearde dy't beskôge wurdt as de beskermjende prestaasjes fan de SPD. Dizze wearde wurdt brûkt foar elektryske koördinaasje (beoordelingen fan bouwdraaier, apparatuer).

Dêrom is it doel fan 'e fabrikant om te besykjen om de heechste ynominaal nivo te berikken mei de leechste resultaten. In soad fabriken besykje allinich as heech te testen as 20 kA sadat se ferskille as in leech stean hawwe.

Klasse fersus kategory

UL: UL-type-sykmasine is in lokaasjenner mei in ferskil oan 'e manier wêrop't ik nominaal getten wurdt (foar apparaat dat SCCR nedich is opnommen en oerlibje as ik de nominale testen docht).

IEC: Beneamt bepaalde tests as klasse I, II of III. Klasse-oantsjutting tusken I en II hat te krijen mei de tapaste ympuls - Klasse I; in I-imp test (10 × 350) en in klasse II - 8 x 20 μs.

De IEC bepaalde testen as klasse I, II, III, en kin mei UL's type I, II, III, of IV-oantsjuttingen oanbean wurde. Der is wat jildheid foar it identifisearjen fan de produkt befêstige ynstallaasje lokaasje (UL) en it oanfreegjen fan in stabile ympuls / toetsfoarm foar dy produkten dy't yn hurde lokaasjes (IEC) ynstalleare wurde.

Wellenfoarsjennings: In grafyk fan in ympulswelle dy't syn foarm toant en feroaringen yn amplituden mei tiid.

UL: erkennt it 8 x 20 μs-waveform.

IEC: De IEC befettet 2-waveforms yn har test, de 8 x 20 μs dy't brûkt wurdt foar klasse II-toetsen om fertsjintwurdigers te fertsjinjen op krêftlinen. En de 10 x 350 μs-waveform dy't brûkt wurdt foar klasse I-testen dy't repräsentearje partiel of direkte bliksem-streamingen (troch bouw- en krêftstrikten). De IEC brûkt ek oare ringwelle-typwellenfoarmen foar punten fan gebrûk (klasse III).

Hoe kin ik witte wêrtroch it korrekte surge beskerming-apparaat ynstalleare moat?prosurge2017-10-31T17:28:05+08:00

Hoe kin ik witte wêrtroch it korrekte surge beskerming-apparaat ynstalleare moat?

It kiezen fan 'e juste oerstreaming (en) is in wichtige faktor om de korrekte beskerming fan' e ynstallaasje te garandearjen. In min ûntworpen beskermingssysteem foar Lightning & Surge kin liede ta iere fergrizing fan 'e SPD en potinsjele falen fan' e beskermjende apparaten yn 'e ynstallaasje wêrtroch skea kin wurde oan' e streamende primêre systemen, sadat de reden achter de ynstalleare beskerming ferslein

Prosurge biedt gjin set fan regels en gidsen om in akkrekt ûntwerp fan it beskermingsysteem te stypjen neffens de applikaasje. We folje lykwols de IEC- en UL-bliksem en surge beskermingsnormen. Mei dat yn 'e gedachten leverje wy in kaskadeare systeem lykas yn' e regels fan 'e standert, net de regels fan Prosurf.

Op it gebiet fan yndustriële applikaasjes is in standert praktyk om in kaskadeare beskermingsysteem te ynstallearjen, basearre op ferskate koördinearre beskermjende apparaten dy't op ferskillende stadia's (LPZ's) ynstallearre binne. It foardiel fan dizze strategy is it feit dat it in hege ûntlastkapas ticht by de ynstallaasje yngong mei in leech residual spanning (nivo beskerming) by de wichtichste ynkommer fan ynstallaasje fan gefoelige apparatuer makket.

It ûntwerp fan sa'n beskermingsysteem is, ûnder oaren faktoaren, basearre op 'e beoardieling fan ynformaasje lykas it bestean fan in bliksemstreek (Blêdwizerbeskermingssysteem) en it type fan ynkommende elektryske leveringslinen, sekundêre basisfoarsjennings en datasystemes.

De oplossingen jouwe beskerming tsjin transiente of permanente (TOV) overvoltages of tsjin beide (T + P) tagelyk.

De definitive produktkwaliteit hinget ôf fan parameters lykas: type ynstallaasje, type netwurkôfsluting (operaasje op MCB of RCD), auto werklikheid, brekkapasiteit, ensfh.

Meastentiids kinne jo IEC61643 ferwize- Overspanningsbeveiligingsapparaten mei lege spanning - Diel 12: Surge-beskermende apparaten ferbûn mei ferdielingssystemen mei lege spanning - Seleksje en tapassingsprinsipes

Kin bliksem it fotovoltaïsysteem ferneatigje?prosurge2017-10-31T17:26:31+08:00

Kin bliksem it fotovoltaïsysteem ferneatigje?

Photovoltaïten binne technologysk heech gefoelich en in direkte bliksem strike soe it definitjich ferneatigje. Der is ek noch in oare gefaar, as in bliksem strike kin surge spanning yn 'e buert fan' e sinne-elektrisiteit stelle en dizze surge spanningen kinne it systeem ek ferneatigje. De ynverter is it primêre punt yn beskerming nedich. Gewoanwei sille ynverters surgebrânske beskermers yn har ynverters yntegrearje. Om't lykwols dizze komponinten allinich lytse spanningspunten ôflaaie, moatte jo beskiede om yn beskate gefallen surge beskermjende apparatuer (SPD) te brûken.

Is jouwe ratings in spesifikaasje dy't brûkt wurdt foar SPD?prosurge2017-10-31T17:25:41+08:00

Is jouwe ratings in spesifikaasje dy't brûkt wurdt foar SPD?

Yn it ferline hawwe guon fabrikanten joule ratings brûkt yn har spesifikaasjes. Se wurde net beskôge as in goed yndikator foar SPD-prestaasjes en net erkend troch alle standert organisaasjes. Prosurge stipet dizze spesifikaasje ek net.

Is "Response Time" in jildige specification?prosurge2017-10-31T17:24:47+08:00

Is "Response Time" in jildige specification?

Response time specs are not supported by any standards standards organizations Surge Protective Devices.IEEE C62.62 standard test specification for SPD specifically mentions it should not be used as specification.

Wat binne de ferskillende krêftsystemen yn gebrûk yn 'e US en wat binne de beskerming foar elk?prosurge2017-10-31T17:23:39+08:00

Wat binne de ferskillende krêftsystemen yn gebrûk yn 'e US en wat binne de beskerming foar elk?

It Amerika Power Power System is in TN-CS systeem. Dit betsjut dat de neutrale en grûnleaders oan 'e tsjinst yngong fan elk binne, en elke, foarsjenning of opsomjend subsysteem. Dit betsjut dat de beskerming fan 'e neutral-oan-grûn (NG) beskerming binnen in multi-modus SPD ynstalleare oan it tsjinstentynpanel is basysk redundante. Neist dit NG-bondel, lykas by yndielingsferbânpanielen, is it ferlet foar dizze ekstra beskerming beskerming mear rjochte. Neist de NG-beskerming modus kinne guon SPDs line-to-neutral (LN) en line-to-line (LL) beskerming opnimme. Op in trije faze WYE-systeem is it needsaak foar LL-beskerming fraachteken as it lykwichtige LN-beskerming in maat fan beskerming op 'e LL-dirigers leveret.
Feroaringen oan 'e 2002-útjefte fan' e National Electrical Code® (NEC®) (www.nfpa.org) hawwe it gebrûk fan SPDs op net-grinzen delta-elektrisiteitsferkearsystemen útsletten. Efter dizze frij breed ferklearring is de bedoeling dat SPDs net LG ferbûn wêze moatte soene troch dizze saak beskerming meitsje, meitsje pseudo-grounds oan it floatende systeem. Moden fan beskerming LL binne lykwols akseptabel. It delta-systeem fan 'e heule leger is in grûnesysteem en sa kin tagong ta beskermjen modus wurde om LL en LN of LG te ferbinen.

Hoe kin de ynstallaasje ynfloed hawwe op de prestaasjes fan SPDs?prosurge2017-10-31T17:19:51+08:00

Hoe kin de ynstallaasje ynfloed hawwe op de prestaasjes fan SPDs?

De ynstallaasje fan SPDs wurdt faak min begrepen. In goeie SPD, falsk ynstallearre, kin bewege fan lyts foardiel yn echte libbensomstannigens. De hege toer fan 'e aktuele, typysk foar in oerwinning, sil ûntwikkele wichtige voltdruppels op' e liedingen dy't de SPD ferbine oan it paniel of de apparatuer dy't beskerme wurde. Dit kin heger betsjutte as winske spanningen dy't de apparatuer berikke yn dizze soarte stân. Prosurje suggerearret dat maatregels foar it effekt fan dit effekt binne om it SPD te pleatsjen om sa koart as mooglik ferbinende lengten te ferbinen te hâlden, dizze liedingen tegearre te ferwurkjen. It gebrûk fan in heulendal gauge AWG-kabel helpt oant in geweldich mar mar dit is allinich in twadde opdracht efter. It is ek wichtich om beskerme en ûnbeskikte skeakels te hâlden en liedt apart om 'e crosskuping fan passende enerzjy te foarkommen.

Wat is in praktyske surge rating foar tsjinstynstânsbeskerming?prosurge2017-10-31T17:17:34+08:00

Wat is in praktyske surge rating foar tsjinstynstânsbeskerming?

Dit is in dreech fraach en hinget ôf fan in protte aspekten ynklusyf - side eksposysje, regionaal is okeraunicnivo's en brûkber oanbod. In statistyske stúdzje fan bliksem stribjen wittenskip lit sjen dat de gemiddelde bliksem is tusken 30 en 40kA, wylst allinich 10% fan bliksem útlaat 100kA. Op grûn fan dat in staking oan in transmissifiers it wierskynlik diel fan 'e totale aktueel yn' e nûmer fan distribúsjepaden dielet, kin de wurklikheid fan 'e oerstreaming dy't in ynstânsje ynkomt, in protte minder wêze as dy fan' e bliksem dy't it foarkomt.

It standert ANSI / IEEE C62.41.1-2002-standert soarget foar it karakterisearjen fan de elektryske omjouwing op ferskate lokaasjes yn in fêststelling. It definiearret de tsjinstferlieningslokaasje as tusken in B en C-miljeu, dat betsjut dat surge streamingen oant 10kA 8 / 20 op sokke lokaasjes ûnderfine kinne. Dat sei SPDs dy't yn sa'n omjouwing lizze, wurde faak boppe dizze nivo's beoardield om in gaadlike wurksume ferwachting oan te jaan, de 100kA / fase typysk.

Wat binne sjirurgyske transienten, en tydlike over-spanningen, en wat binne har karakteristike skaaimerken?prosurge2017-10-31T17:16:14+08:00

Wat binne sjirurgyske transienten, en tydlike over-spanningen, en wat binne har karakteristike skaaimerken?

Hoewol faaks brûkt as aparte termen yn 'e surge sektor, binne Transients en Surges itselde ferskynsel. Transients en Surges kinne aktueel, spanning, as beide wêze en kinne peakwearden hawwe boppe 10kA as 10kV. Se hawwe typysk in heule koarte doer (normaal> 10 µs & <1 ms), mei in golffoarm dy't in heule rappe opkomst nei de peak hat en dan falt mei in folle stadiger taryf. Transients en Surges kinne wurde feroarsake troch eksterne boarnen lykas wjerljocht of in kortsluting, of fan ynterne boarnen lykas Switchor-skeakel, Variable Speed Drives, Capacitor switch, ensfh.

Tydlike over spanningen (TOV's) binne oszillator-faze-oan-grûn of faze-oant-faze oer spanningen dy't lêst as in pear sekonden of sa lang as inkele minuten duorje kinne. Boarnen fan TOV binne ûnder oaren faak opslach, lade-skeakeljen, grûnsimpedanzverskikking, single-phase-fermogen en ferroresonânse effekten om in pear te neamen. Troch har potensjele hegere spanning en lange duo kinne TOV's tige skealik wêze foar MOV-basearre SPD's. In útwreide TOV kin permaninte skea oan in SPD liede en de ienheid ynoperearje. Tink derom dat UD 1449 (3rd Edition) derfoar soarget dat de SPD gjin feilichheidsfaze foar dizze betingsten skeelt, SPDs binne net ûntwurpen om te beskermjen tsjin TOV's.

SPDs beskermje tsjin direkte bliksemens?prosurge2017-10-31T17:13:42+08:00

SPDs beskermje tsjin direkte bliksemens?

In direkte opljochtingsslach is de machtichste en drege optocht om te beskermjen. Prosurje advisearret dat it juste grûnjen en bonding fan it elektryske systeem en it tapassen fan goede surge beskerming kin sensibele apparatuer beskermje. In SPD mei in hegere single-surge aktuele rating sil it bêste tsjin dit soarte fan evenemente dwaan, as it unit goed ynstallearre is en it grûnsysteem adekwaat is. De maksimale single-standstillende aktuele rating is definiearre yn IEEE SPD Standard C62.62.

Wat is Suppression Voltage Rating (SVR) en Voltage Protection Rating (VPR)?prosurge2017-10-31T17:10:31+08:00

Wat is Suppression Voltage Rating (SVR) en Voltage Protection Rating (VPR)?

SVR wie part fan in earder ferzje fan UL 1449 Edition en is net mear brûkt yn de UL 1449 standert. De SVR waard ferfongen troch VPR.

VPR is ûnderdiel fan 'e UL 1449 3rd Edition en is de spannende prestaasjes foar SPD's. Elke SPD-modus is ûnderstreke mei in kombinaasjewelle fan 6kV / 3kA en de gemearre klemmwearde is rûn oant de neistste wearde op basis fan tafel 63.1 fan UL 1449 3rd Edition.

Hoe binne SPDs relatearre oan UL 96A?prosurge2017-10-31T17:05:54+08:00

Hoe binne SPDs relatearre oan UL 96A?

UL 96A is de standert foar blêdwizingssystemen. Foar in gebou om UL 96A te behertigjen moat in Type 1 SPD hawwe mei in nominale ûntlêsting Aktuele beoardieling fan 20kA ynstallearre by de tsjinstferliening.

Hoe is in Type 1 SPD te fergelykjen mei in Type 2 SPD?prosurge2017-10-31T17:01:51+08:00

Hoe is in Type 1 SPD te fergelykjen mei in Type 2 SPD?

Guon wichtige ferskillen tusken Type 1 en Type 2 SPD binne:

External Overcurrent Protection. Typ 2 SPDs kinne in ekstra oerwâld krije
beskerming of it kin bepaald wurde binnen de SPD. Typ 1 SPDs binne meast ynklusyf
oerstreamingsbeskerming binnen de SPD of oare middels om de easken te befredigjen
fan 'e standert; Dęr, Type 1 SPDs en Type 2 SPD dy't net eksterne nedich binne
Overcurrent-beskermings-apparaten eliminje it potinsjeel foar it ynstallearjen fan in ferkeard
bepaald (mismatched) oerrissenschermvorrichtung mei de SPD.
Nominal Discharge Aktuele Ratings. Beskikbere nominale ûntlizzende aktuele (yn)
Ratings fan Type 1 SPD binne 10 kA of 20 kA; Wylst Type 2 SPDs kinne 3 hawwe
kA, 5 kA, 10 kA of 20 kA Nominale ûntlêsting Aktuele wurdearrings.
UL 1283 EMI / RFI filters. Guon UL-1449 Listed SPD's binne filtersirkjes
dy wurde evaluearre as UL 1283 (Standert foar elektromagnetyske ynterferinsje
Filters) filterje. Dizze binne komplekse UL Lisearre as in UL 1283-filter en in UL
1449 SPD. Troch definysje en de omfang fan UL 1283, UL 1283 Listare filters binne
Evaluearre foar allinich laden applikaasjes, net line-side applikaasjes.
Dêrom sil UL gjin komplekse list in Type 1 SPD as in UL 1283 lisearre hawwe
filter. In Type 1 SPD kin lykwols in UL-1283-filter as in opnommen wêze
Komponint binnen in listearre type 1 SPD, dy't folslein evaluearre is foar rigelside
gebrûk. De fabrikanten fan sokke produkten biede algemien de identike SPD as a
Typ 2 UL 1449 Listed SPD mei kompleetere Listing as UL 1283 Listet
filter.
Kondensatoaren. Kondensers dy't brûkt wurde yn Type 1 SPDs kinne evaluearre wurde foar feiligens
oars as yn Type 2 SPDs. Alle kondensaten yn Type 1 SPD-applikaasjes binne
evaluearre oan UL 810 (standert foar kondensatoren). Dit soarget foar filtrieren
ferwiisd hjirboppe yn UL 1283 (standert foar elektromagnetyske ynterferinsjefilters)
oanfraach. Kondensaters yn Type 2 SPDs wurde evaluearre oan UL 1414 (Standard for
Kondensaters en suppressoren foar radio- en tillevyzje-apparaten) en / of
UL 1283 (standert foar elektromagnetyske ynterferinsjefilters).

Wat binne de UL-SPD-kategoryen kategoryen en wat betsjutte dat?prosurge2017-10-31T16:58:48+08:00

Wat binne de UL-SPD-kategoryen kategoryen en wat betsjutte dat?

Typ 1 SPDs (Listed) - Permanint ferbûn, hard-wired SPDs foar bedoeld
Ynstallaasje tusken it fuortset ûnderwiis fan 'e service-transformator en de rigelside fan' e haadpunten
service-apparatuer overcurrent beskermjend apparaat, en ek de lade side fan 'e haad
service-apparatuer (dus Type 1's kinne oeral yn 'e distribúsje ynstalleare wurde
systeem). Typ 1 SPDs binne watt-oere meter socket-opsletten type SPDs. As op it
rinnende kant fan 'e tsjinst skiede wêr't gjin besteande beskerme apparaten foar binne
beskermje in SPD, Type 1 SPDs moatte opnommen wurde sûnder it gebrûk fan in eksterne oerwâld
beskermjend apparaat. De nominale ûntlizzing-aktuele wearde foar Type 1 SPDs is ek
10kA of 20kA.

Typ 2 SPDs (Listed) - Permanint ferbûn, hard-wired SPDs foar bedoeld
Ynstallaasje op 'e lêst side fan' e wichtichste tsjinstferliening foar duorsume beskermingapparat.
Dizze SPDs kinne ek ynstallearre wurde by de wichtichste tsjinstferliening, mar moatte ynstalleare wurde
de ljiskeside fan 'e haaddiensten overcurrent beskermende apparaat. Typ 2 SPDs kinne of miskien wurde
It net nedich is in over-over-beskerming-apparaat foar har list fan NRTL. As in spesifyk
Oerweld beskerming is ferplichte, de SPD's list fan bestannen en lisinsjes / ynstruksjes fan 'e SPD
binne nedich om de grutte en type fan overcurrent beskermjend apparaat te notearjen. Opmerking: Yn guon
Fältsen kin it gebrûkjende oerlêst beskerme apparatuer ynfloed op it nominale ûntliteringsnivo fan
de SPD. Bygelyks, de SPD kin in nûmern 10 kA nominale ûntlast hawwe
as beskerme wurdt troch in 30 amp-circuit-breaker en in nominal ûntlizzende stream fan 20 kA
rating as beskerme wurdt troch in oare, mar spesifike marke en model fan oerwinning
beskermingapparat. De nominale ûntlizzende aktuele wearde foar Type 2 SPDs is 3 kA, 5
kA, 10 kA, of 20 kA.

Typ 3 SPDs (Listed) - Dizze SPDs wurde neamd, 'Point of Utilization SPDs', dy't binne
Op in minimum direkteur fan 10 meter (30 feet) fan de elektryske ynstalleare wurde ynstalleard
servicepaniel as útsein as se evaluearre binne by Type 2 SPDs (dat is, krije se in Nominal
Untwikkelje aktive wearde fan 3 kA minimal). Typysk binne dizze cord-ferbûnen opslag
strips, direkte plug-in SPD's of opnij-type SPDs ynstallearre by de utilisaasje-apparatuer
beskerme wurde (dus kompjûters, kopymasjines, ensfh.).

Type 1, 2, 3 Component Assembly SPDs (komponint erkend) - Dizze SPDs binne
De bedoeling om fêstlein wurde yn 'e elektryske distribúsyndustry of einigens
apparatuer. Dizze wurde erkennende komponinten SPD's evaluearre foar gebrûk yn Type 1, 2 of 3
SPD-applikaasjes. Sokke komponinten SPD moatte allinichselde elektryske feilichheidsferskes passe
Tests as list opnij Type 1, 2 of 3 SPDs. Wyls dizze SPDs binne 100% konformeare fan in feiligens
Fail-testpunten fan dizze besjen, hawwe dizze 1, 2 en 3-komponinten assemblage SPDs
betingsten fan aksefeardigens lykas eksposysjele terminen of oare meganyske oanbou
dat fereasket dat se ynstallearre wurde of yn in list opnommen wurde om beskerming te garandearjen
fan eksposysje nei live parten of oare easken. Dizze Type 1, 2 of 3 binne erkend
Komponinten SPD sille net ferweide wurde mei ANSI / UL 1449-2006 Type 4-komponint
Assemblies en Type 5 diskrete SPD-komponinten dy't ekstra komponinten nedich binne
(mooglik feiligensskontrôleurs), ûntwerp en testen om sa folslein op te slaan
beskermjend apparaat.

Type 4-komponint-assemblage SPD (komponint erkend) - Dizze komponint
Assemblies besteane út ien of mear type 5 SPD-komponinten tegearre mei in tillefoan
(yntegrale of eksterne) of in middel om de beheinde aktuele toetsen yn UL 1449 oan te foljen,
Section 39.4. Dizze binne inkele SPD-assemblies, dy't typysk ynstalleare binne
listlûke produkten foar gebrûk fan 'e liening sa lang as alle betingsten fan akseptabel binne foldien. Dizze Type 4
Komponente-assemblies binne ûnfolslein as in SPD, freegje nochal evaluaasje en binne net
permete ynstallearje op it fjild as stand-alone SPD. Faak freegje dizze apparaten
oanfoljende oerwinning beskerming.

Type 5 SPD (komponint oanwêzich) - diskrete komponinten-surge-beskermingsapparaten,
lykas MOV's dy't op in bedriuwslied befette kinne, ferbûn troch syn liedingen of
foarsjoen binnen in húske mei montagemiddels en ferbreding fan draaien. Dizze type
5-SPD-komponinten binne net kompleet as in SPD, ferwachtsje fierder evaluaasje en binne net
permete ynstallearje op it fjild as stand-alone SPD. Typ 5 SPDs binne algemien it
Komponinten dy't brûkt wurde yn it ûntwerp en oanbou fan folsleine SPD's of oare SPD
gearstallingen.

Wat is de UL-koartrisses aktuele wearde (SCCR)?prosurge2017-10-31T16:52:02+08:00

Wat is de UL-koartrisses aktuele wearde (SCCR)?

SSCR-Kurzschluss-aktuelle Bewertung. De smaak fan in SPD foar gebrûk op in AC-krêft dy't net fereare kin as in ferklearring fan symmetryske rommels by in ferklearre spanning yn 'e koarte termyn. SCCR is net itselde as AIC (Amp ôfbrekende kapasiteit). SCCR is it bedrach fan "beskikbere" aktueel dat de SPD ûnder koarte termyn betingsten en safolle trenne kin fan 'e krêft fan' e krêft. It bedrach fan 'e hjoeddeiske "ûnderbrutsen" is troch de SPD typysk signifikant minder as de "beskikbere" aktuele.

UL 1449 en it National Electric Code (NEC) freegje de SCCR (Short Circuit Current Rating) op alle SPD-ienheden markearre. It is gjin oplossingsnivo, mar de maksimale advertearjende aktuele SPD kin ûnderbrekke yn it gefal fan mislearjen. De NEC / UL hat in fereaske dat de SPD teste en markearre wurdt mei in SCCR, lykweardich, of grutter as de beskikbere flater aktueel op dat punt yn it systeem.

Wat is wichtich by it spesifisearjen fan SPD?prosurge2017-10-31T16:31:39+08:00

Wat is wichtich by it spesifisearjen fan SPD?

As jo SPD spesifisearje, jouwe in dúdlike, koartige spesifisearing mei de detaillearre prestaasjes en ûntwerpfunksjes. In minimum spesifikaasje moat wêze:

• UL surge rating

• ûnderdrukking

• Koarte ranglist

• Peak-oerstreaming per modus (LN, LG, en NG)

• Spanning en konfiguraasje fan elektryske tsjinst

Wat is in Surge Protective Device of Surge Arrestor (SPD)?prosurge2017-10-31T16:30:05+08:00

Wat is in Surge Protective Device of Surge Arrestor (SPD)?

SPD is in apparaat dat ûntwikkele is om sinne enerzjy te beheinen ta elektryske apparatuer. It docht dit troch it omleechjen of it beheindjen fan opliedingstream. In SPD wurdt parallel parlemint oan 'e apparatuer dy't it befeilige is om te beskermjen. Ienris de surge spanning fergruttet har ûntwikkene beoardieling "begjint te klemmjen" en begjint mei enerzjy direkt fuort te gean oan it elektrote grûnsysteem. In SPD hat in heule wjerstân yn dizze tiid en "snel" de enerzjy oan grûn. Ienris de oerwâld is oer it "iepenet" op, sadat it net opstreamt circuit breakers.