How do I select a proper Prosurge SPD for my application?

Though we try our best to offer an extensive, thorough product presentation on our website, catalogs and other documents, we believe the best way for model selecting is to consult with us with your requirement and then our professional will recommend a suitable model.

What are ANSI/UL 1449 Third Edition Versus IEC 61643-1 – Key Differences In Testing

The following examines a few of the key differences between Underwriters Laboratory’s required test for surge protective devices (SPDs); ANSI/UL 1449 Third Edition and the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) required test for SPDs, IEC 61643-1. Short Circuit Current Rating (SCCR): The capacity of current with which the tested SPD can withstand at the terminals where connected, without breaching the enclosure in any way. UL: Tests the full product at twice the nominal voltage to see if entire product is completely offline. The entire product (as shipped) is tested; including metal oxide varistors (MOVs). IEC: Test only looks at the terminals and the physical connections to determine if they are robust enough to handle the fault. MOVs are replaced with a copper block and a manufacturer’s recommended fuse is placed in-line (external to the device). Imax: Per IEC 61643-1 – The crest value of a current through the SPD having an 8/20 waveshape and magnitude according to the test sequence of the class II operating duty test. UL: Does not recognize the need for an Imax test. IEC: An operating duty cycle test is used to ramp up to an Imax point (determined by the manufacturer). This is meant to find “blind points” within the design when subjected to a high level impulse. This is conducted as a life expectancy or robustness test. The fuse needs to withstand Imax, and the test checks thermal stability of the SPD (after each duty cycle impulse bringing the SPD up to its maximum continuous operating voltage MCOV) and its physical condition。 I nominal: The crest value of the current through the SPD having a current waveshape of 8/20. UL: I nominal test is similar to the IEC’s, however, the I nominal results do not link to a Up value (a value used internationally for electrical coordination). Instead, UL uses I nominal to determine a product’s Voltage Protection Rating (VPR). Levels are limited to a maximum of 20 kA. The SPD remains functional after 15 surges. IEC: Does not limit I nominal testing to 20kA, however, the manufacturer’s selected In level is used to get a Up value, a value considered to be the protective performance of the SPD. This value is used for electrical coordination(ratings of building wire, equipment). Therefore the goal of the manufacturer is to try to attain the highest Inominal level with the lowest Up results. Many manufactures opt to only test as high as 20 kA so they will appear to have a low Up. Class versus category UL: UL Type designation is a location designator with a difference to the way I nominal is tested (for device which provides SCCR needs to be included and survive when doing I nominal testing). IEC: Designates certain tests as a class I, II, or III. Class designation between I and II has to do with the impulse applied – Class I; an I imp test (10×350) and a class II – 8 x 20 μs. The IEC designates certain tests as a class I, II, or III and can beconfused with UL’s Type I, II, III, or IV designations. There is some validity to both identifying the product’s approved installation location (UL) and applying a more robust impulse/waveform to those products that will be installed in harsher locations (IEC). Waveforms: A graph of an impulse wave that shows its shape and changes in amplitude with time. UL: Recognizes the 8 x 20 μs waveform. IEC: The IEC incorporates 2 waveforms into their test, the 8 x 20 μs which is used for class II testing to represent surges induced onto power lines. And the 10 x 350 μs waveform which is used for class I testing that represents partial or direct lightning currents (due to building or power line strikes).The IEC also uses other ring wave type waveforms for point of use (class III) tests.

How do I know which is the correct surge protection device that must be installed?

Choosing the right surge arrester(s) is a key factor to guarantee correct protection of the installation. A poorly designed Lightning & Surge protection system may lead to early ageing of the SPD and potential failure of the protective devices in the installation allowing damage to the primary systems up stream, thus defeating the rationale behind the protection being installed Prosurge does not provide a set of rules and guides to support acorrect design of the protection system according to the application. However we follow the IEC and UL lightning and surge protection standards. With this in mind we provide a cascaded system as laid down in the rules of the standard, not the rules of Prosurge. In the field of industrial applications, a standard practice is to install a cascaded protection system based on several coordinated protective devices installed at different stages (LPZ’s). The benefit of this strategy is the fact that it allows a high discharge capacity close to the installation entrance along with a low residual voltage (level of protection) at the main incomer of installation of sensitive equipment. The design of such a protective system is, amongst other factors, based on the assessment of information such as existence of a lightning rod (Lightning Protection System) and type of incoming power supply lines, secondary primary equipment and data systems. The solutions provide protection against either Transient or Permanent (TOV) overvoltages or against both of them (T+P) simultaneously. The final product choice depends on parameters such as: type of installation, type of network disconnection (operation on MCB or RCD), auto reclosing, breaking capacity, etc. Usually you can refer IEC61643- Low-voltage surge protective devices – Part 12:Surge protective devices connected to low-voltage power distribution systems -Selection and application principles

Can lightning destroy the photovoltaic system?

Photovoltaic systems are technologically highly sensitive and a direct lightning strike would definitely destroy it. There is also yet another hazard,as a lightning strike could create surge voltage near the solar power system and these surge voltages can also destroy the system. The inverter is the primary point in need of protection. Usually, inverters will integrate surge-voltage protectors into their inverters. However, since these components only discharge small voltage peaks, you should consider using surge protective devices (SPD) in individual cases.

Are joule ratings a specification used for SPD?

In the past, some manufacturers have used joule ratings in their specifications. They are not considered a good indicator for SPD performance and not recognized by any standard organizations. Prosurge doesn’t support this specification also.

Is “Response Time”a valid specification?

Response time specifications are not supported by any standards organizations overseeing Surge Protective Devices.IEEE C62.62 Standard Test Specification for SPDs specifically mentions it should not be used as a specification.

What are the different power systems in use in the US and what are the protection needs for each?

The US power distribution system is a TN-C-S system. This implies that the Neutral and Ground conductors are bonded at the service entrance of each, and every, facility or separately derived sub-system. This means that the neutral-to-ground (N-G) protection mode within a multi-mode SPD installed at the service entrance panel is basically redundant. Further from this N-G bondpoint, such as in branch distribution panels, the need for this additional mode of protection is more warranted. In addition to the N-G protection mode, some SPDs can include line-to-neutral (L-N) and line-to-line (L-L) protection. On a three phase WYE system, the need for L-L protection is questionable as balanced L-N protection also provides a measure of protection on the L-L conductors. Changes to the 2002 edition of the National Electrical Code® (NEC®) (www.nfpa.org) have precluded the use of SPDs on ungrounded delta power distribution systems. Behind this rather broad statement is the intention that SPDs should not be connected L-G as by so doing these modes of protection are creating pseudo grounds to the floating system. Modes of protection connected L-L are however acceptable.The high-leg delta system is a grounded system and as such allows for protection modes to be connected L-L and L-N or L-G.

How does installation affect the performance of SPDs?

The installation of SPDs is often poorly understood. A good SPD, incorrectly installed, can prove of little benefit in real-life surge conditions. The very high rate-of-change of current, typical of a surge transient, will develop significant volt drops on the leads connecting the SPD to the panel or equipment being protected. This can mean higher than desired voltages reaching the equipment during such a surge condition. Prosurge suggests that measures to counteract this effect include locating the SPD so as to keep interconnecting lead lengths as short as possible, twisting these leads together. Using a heavier gauge AWG cable helps to some extent but this is only a second order effect. It is also important to keep protected and unprotected circuits and leads separate to avoid cross coupling of transient energy.

What is a practical surge rating for service entrance protection?

This is a difficult question and depends on many aspects including – site exposure, regional is okeraunic levels and utility supply. A statistical study of lightning strike probability reveals that the average lightning discharge is between 30 and 40kA, while only 10% of lightning discharges exceed 100kA. Given that a strike to a transmission feeder is likely to share the total current received into anumber of distribution paths, the reality of the surge current entering a facility can be very much less than that of the lightning strike which precipitate it. The ANSI/IEEE C62.41.1-2002 standard seeks to characterize the electrical environment at different locations throughout a facility. It defines the service entrance location as between a B and C environment, meaning that surge currents up to 10kA 8/20 can be experienced in such locations. This said,SPDs located in such environments are often rated above such levels to provide a suitable operating life expectancy, 100kA/phase being typical.

What are surges transients, and temporary over-voltages, and what are their typical characteristics?

Although often used as separate terms in the surge industry, Transients and Surges are the same phenomenon. Transients and Surges can be current, voltage, or both and can have peak values in excess of 10kA or 10kV. They are typically of very short duration (usually >10 µs & <1 ms), with a waveform that has a very rapid rise to the peak and then falls off at a much slower rate. Transients and Surges can be caused by external sources such as lightning or a short circuit, or from internal sources such as Contactor switching, Variable Speed Drives, Capacitor switching, etc. Temporary over voltages (TOVs) are oscillatory phase-to-ground or phase-to-phase over voltages that can last as little as a few seconds or as long as several minutes. Sources of TOV’s include fault reclosing, load switching, ground impedance shifts,single-phase faults and ferroresonance effects to name a few. Due to their potentially high voltage and long duration, TOV’s can be very detrimental to MOV-based SPD’s. An extended TOV can cause permanent damage to an SPD and render the unit inoperable. Note that while UL 1449 (3rd Edition) ensures that the SPD will not create a safety hazard under these conditions, SPDs are not designed to protect against TOVs.

Do SPDs protect against direct lightning strikes?

A direct lighting strike is the most powerful and difficult surge to protect against. Prosurge recommend that Proper grounding and bonding of the electrical system and employing proper surge protection can protect sensitive equipment. A SPD with a higher single surge current rating will perform best against this type of event, if the unit is properly installed and the grounding system is adequate.The maximum single withstand surge current rating is defined in IEEE SPD Standard C62.62.

What is Suppressed Voltage Rating (SVR) and Voltage Protection Rating (VPR)?

SVR was part of an earlier version of UL 1449 Edition and is no longer used in the UL 1449 standard. The SVR was replaced by VPR. VPR is part of the UL 1449 3rd Edition and is the clamping performance data for SPDs. Each SPD mode is subjected to a 6kV/3kA combination surge wave and its measured clamping value is rounded up to the nearest value based on table 63.1 from UL 1449 3rd Edition.

How are SPDs related to UL 96A?

UL 96A is the standard for Lightning Protection systems. For a building to meet UL 96A is must have a Type 1 SPD with a Nominal Discharge Current rating of 20kA installed at the service entrance.

How does a Type 1 SPD compare to a Type 2 SPD?

Some key differences between Type 1 and Type 2 SPDs are: External Overcurrent Protection. Type 2 SPDs may require external overcurrent protection or it may be included within the SPD. Type 1 SPDs generally include overcurrent protection within the SPD or other means to satisfy the requirements of the standard; thus, Type 1 SPDs and Type 2 SPDs that do not require external overcurrent protection devices eliminate the potential for installing an incorrectly rated (mismatched) overcurrent protection device with the SPD. Nominal Discharge Current Ratings. Available Nominal Discharge Current (In) ratings of Type 1 SPDs are 10 kA or 20 kA; whereas, Type 2 SPDs may have 3 kA , 5 kA, 10 kA or 20 kA Nominal Discharge Current ratings. UL 1283 EMI/RFI Filtering. Some UL 1449 Listed SPDs include filter circuits that have been evaluated as a UL 1283 (Standard for Electromagnetic Interference Filters) filter. These are complimentary UL Listed as a UL 1283 filter and a UL 1449 SPD. By definition and the scope of UL 1283, UL 1283 Listed filters are evaluated for load-side applications only, not line-side applications. Consequently, UL will not complimentary list a Type 1 SPD as a UL 1283 Listed filter. However, a Type 1 SPD might include a UL 1283 filter as a Recognized Component within a Listed Type 1 SPD, which has been fully evaluated for lineside usage. Manufacturers of such products generally offer the identical SPD as a Type 2 UL 1449 Listed SPD with complimentary Listing as a UL 1283 Listed filter. Capacitors. Capacitors utilized in Type 1 SPDs may be evaluated for safety differently than in Type 2 SPDs. All capacitors in Type 1 SPD applications are evaluated to UL 810 (Standard for Capacitors). This includes filtering capacitors referenced above in UL 1283 (Standard for Electromagnetic Interference Filters) applications. Capacitors in Type 2 SPDs are evaluated to UL 1414 (Standard for Capacitors and Suppressors for Radio- and Television-Type Appliances) and/or UL 1283 (Standard for Electromagnetic Interference Filters).

What are the UL SPD Type categories and what do they mean?

Type 1 SPDs (Listed) – Permanently connected, hard-wired SPDs intended for installation between the secondary of the service transformer and the line side of the main service equipment overcurrent protective device, as well as the load side of the main service equipment (i.e. Type 1’s can be installed anywhere within the distribution system). Type 1 SPDs include watt-hour meter socket enclosure type SPDs. Being on the line side of the service disconnect where there are no overcurrent protective devices to protect an SPD, Type 1 SPDs must be listed without the use of an external overcurrent protective device. The Nominal Discharge Current Rating for Type 1 SPDs is either 10kA or 20kA. Type 2 SPDs (Listed) – Permanently connected, hard-wired SPDs intended for installation on the load side of the main service equipment overcurrent protective device. These SPDs may also be installed at the main service equipment, but must be installed on the load side of the main service overcurrent protective device. Type 2 SPDs may or may not require an overcurrent protection device per their NRTL listing. If a specific overcurrent protection is required, the SPD’s NRTL listing file and labeling/instructions are required to note the size and type of overcurrent protective device. Note: In some cases the overcurrent protective device used can impact the nominal discharge rating of the SPD. For example, the SPD may have a 10 kA nominal discharge current rating when protected by a 30 Amp circuit breaker and a 20 kA nominal discharge current rating when protected by a different but specific make and model of overcurrent protection device. The Nominal Discharge Current Rating for Type 2 SPDs is 3 kA, 5 kA, 10 kA, or 20 kA. Type 3 SPDs (Listed) – These SPDs are called, ‘Point of Utilization SPDs’, which are to be installed at a minimum conductor length of 10 meter (30 feet) from the electrical service panel unless they are evaluated at Type 2 SPDs (that is, they receive a Nominal Discharge Current Rating of 3 kA minimum). Typically, these are cord-connected surge strips, direct plug-in SPDs, or receptacle-type SPDs installed at the utilization equipment being protected (i.e. computers, copy machines, etc.). Type 1, 2, 3 Component Assembly SPDs (Component Recognized) – These SPDs are intended to be factory installed into electrical distribution equipment or end-use equipment. These are Recognized Component SPDs evaluated for use in Type 1, 2 or 3 SPD applications. Such component SPDs must pass all the same electrical safety failure tests as listed Type 1, 2 or 3 SPDs. While these SPDs are 100% compliant from a safety failure testing point of view, these Type 1, 2 and 3 component assembly SPDs have conditions of acceptability such as exposed terminals or other mechanical construction that requires them to be installed or housed within a listed assembly to provide protection from exposure to live parts or other requirements. These Type 1, 2 or 3 Recognized Component SPDs should not be confused with ANSI/UL 1449-2006 Type 4 Component Assemblies and Type 5 discrete SPD components that require additional components (possibly safety disconnectors), design and testing in order to be used as a complete surge protective device. Type 4 Component Assembly SPD (Component Recognized) –– These component assemblies consist of one or more Type 5 SPD components together with a disconnector (integral or external) or a means of complying with the limited current tests in UL 1449, Section 39.4. These are incomplete SPD assemblies, which typically are installed in listed end-use products as long as all conditions of acceptability are met. These Type 4 component assemblies are incomplete as an SPD, require further evaluation and are not permitted to be installed in the field as a stand-alone SPD. Often, these devices require additional overcurrent protection. Type 5 SPD (Component Recognized) – Discrete component surge protection devices, such as MOVs that may be mounted on a printed wiring board, connected by its leads or provided within an enclosure with mounting means and wiring terminations. These Type 5 SPD components are incomplete as an SPD, require further evaluation and are not permitted to be installed in the field as a stand-alone SPD. Type 5 SPDs are generally the components used in the design and construction of complete SPDs or other SPD assemblies.

What is the UL Short Circuit Current Rating (SCCR)?

SSCR-Short Circuit Current Rating. The suitability of an SPD for use on an AC power circuit that is capable of delivering not more than a declared rms symmetrical current at a declared voltage during a short circuit condition. SCCR is not the same as AIC (Amp Interrupting Capacity). SCCR is the amount of “available”current that the SPD can be subjected to and safely disconnect from the power source under short circuit conditions. The amount of current “interrupted” by the SPD is typically significantly less than the “available” current. UL 1449 and the National Electric Code (NEC) require the SCCR (Short Circuit Current Rating) to be marked on all SPD units. It is not a surge rating, but the maximum allowable current a SPD can interrupt in the event of failure. The NEC/UL has a requirement that the SPD be tested and labelled with a SCCR equal to, or greater than the available fault current at that point in the system.

What is important when specifying SPD?

When specifying SPD, submit a clear, concise specification detailing the required performance and design features. A minimum specification should include: • UL surge rating • Suppression rating • Short circuit rating • Peak surge current per mode (L-N, L-G, and N-G) • voltage and configuration of electrical service

What is a Surge Protective Device or Surge Arrestor (SPD)?

SPD is a device designed to limit surge energy to electrical equipment. It does this by diverting or limiting surge current. An SPD is wired in parallel to the equipment it is intended to protect. Once the surge voltage exceeds its designed rating it “begins to clamp” and starts to conduct energy directly to the electrical grounding system. An SPD has a very low resistance during this time and “shorts” the energy to ground. Once the surge is over it “opens” up, so it does not trigger upstream circuit breakers.

FAQ - Prosurge

Q: Do SPDs protect against direct lightning strikes?

A direct lighting strike is the most powerful and difficult surge to protect against. Prosurge recommend that Proper grounding and bonding of the electrical system and employing proper surge protection can protect sensitive equipment. A SPD with a higher single surge current rating will perform best against this type of event, if the unit is properly installed and the grounding system is adequate.The maximum single withstand surge current rating is defined in IEEE SPD Standard C62.62.

Nola eska dezaket nire aplikazioa Prosurge SPD egokia?prosurge2017-10-31T17:34:33+08:00

Nola eska dezaket nire aplikazioa Prosurge SPD egokia?

Gure webean, katalogoetan eta bestelako agirietan produktuaren aurkezpen zabala eta sakona eskaini nahi badugu ere, uste dugu modeloak hautaketa egiteko modurik onena dela gurekin kontsultatzea zure eskakizunarekin eta ondoren profesionalak eredu egokia gomendatuko du.

Zer dira ANSI / UL 1449 Hirugarren edizioa IEC 61643-1 bertsioarekin - Testing gakoen desberdintasunakprosurge2017-10-31T17:29:56+08:00

Zer dira ANSI / UL 1449 Hirugarren edizioa IEC 61643-1 bertsioarekin - Testing gakoen desberdintasunak

Jarraian, Underwriters Laborategiko proba gailuen (SPD) gailuen nahitaezko desberdintasunak aztertzen dira; ANSI / UL 1449 Hirugarren edizioa eta Nazioarteko Batzorde Elektroteknikoa (IEC) SPDen proba beharrezkoa, IEC 61643-1.

Zirkuitu Laburrerako Uneko Puntuazioa (SCCR): Uneko probatutako SPDk konektatutako terminaletan jasan dezakeen ahalmena inolaz ere ez da nahastu beharrik.

UL: Produktu osoa tentsio nominaleko bi aldiz probatzen du produktu osoa guztiz lineaz kanpo dagoen ikusteko. Produktu osoa (bidalitako moduan) probatzen da; Metal oxidoaren varistoreak (MOVs) barne.

IEC: Testek terminologiak eta konexio fisikoak soilik biltzen ditu akatsak zuzentzeko behar bezain sendoak diren jakiteko. MOVek kobrezko bloke batekin ordezkatzen dute eta fabrikatzailearen gomendatutako fusioa linean jartzen da (kanpoko gailura).

Imax: IEC 61643-1-ren arabera - Uneko SPDaren kurbaren balioa 8 / 20 waveshape eta magnitude bat izatea, II. Mailako funtzionamendu-probako proba-sekuentziaren arabera.

UL: Imax proba baten beharra ez du ezagutzen.

IEC: funtzionamendu-zikloaren proba bat erabiltzen da Imax puntu batera igotzeko (fabrikatzaileak zehazten du). Honek diseinuaren barruan "puntu itsuak" aurkitu nahi ditu maila altuko bultzada jasaten duenean. Bizi itxaropenaren edo sendotasunaren proba gisa egiten da. Fusibleak Imax jasan behar du, eta probak SPDren egonkortasun termikoa egiaztatzen du (laneko zikloaren bultzada bakoitzaren ondoren SPD bere etengabeko funtzionamendu-tentsio maximora MCOVra igo arte) eta bere egoera fisikoa。

I nominal: uneko korrontearen balioaren gailurra 8 / 20 uneko Waveformearen unitatea duena.

UL: proba nominala IECaren antzekoa da, ordea, I emaitza nominalek ez dute Up balioa (nazioartean erabilitako balio bat koordinazio elektrikoarentzat). Horren ordez, ULek nominalak erabiltzen ditu produktuaren Tentsioaren Babesaren Puntuazioa (VPR) zehazteko. Mailaek gehienez 20 kAra mugatzen dute. SPD jarraitzen du funtzionala 15 gorakada ondoren.

IEC: Prozesu nominalak 20kA-ra murrizten ez baditugu, ordea, fabrikatzailearen maila hautatua erabiltzen da Up balioa lortzeko, SPDren babes-errendimendua dela uste duen balioa lortzeko. Balio hori koordinazio elektrikoetarako erabiltzen da (eraikinaren alanbre, ekipamenduen balorazioak).

Horregatik, fabrikatzailearen helburua Inominu maila altuena lortzea da. Fabrikatzaile askok, 20 kA bezain altuak bakarrik probatzeko aukera izango dute, beraz, baxua izango dute.

Klasearen aurkako kategoria

UL: UL motako izendapena kokapenaren izendatzailea da, nominalki probatu dudanaren diferentzia da (SCCR-k sartzen dituen eta bizirik irauten duenean probak nominala egiten duenean).

IEC: zenbait proba I, II edo III klase gisa izendatzen ditu. I eta II arteko klase izendapenak aplikatutako bultzadarekin du zerikusia - I klasea; I imp proba (10 × 350) eta II klasea - 8 x 20 μs.

IEC-k zenbait klase mota I, II, edo III motakoak izendatzen ditu eta ULren motako I, II, III, edo IV izendapenekin konbinatu daiteke. Bi produktuaren onartutako instalazioen kokapena (UL) identifikatzen du, bai eta kokapen gogorretan (IEC) instalatuko diren produktuei ere bultzada / uhin sendoa aplikatuz.

Waveforms: bere forma eta aldaketak denboran zehar erakusten duen bultzada-uhin baten grafikoa.

UL: 8 x 20 μs uhinaren formak ezagutzen ditu.

IEC: IEC-ek 2 uhin-formak sartzen ditu testean, 8 x 20 μs motako II probetarako erabiltzen dena, indar-lerroetan eragindako surgesak irudikatzeko. 10 x 350 μs uhin-formatua erabiltzen da, I ikasgelan, tximista korronte partzialak edo zuzenak (eraikuntza edo energia lerroaren grebak direla eta). IEC-k beste uhin-uhin motak ere erabiltzen ditu (III. Mailako klaseak).

Nola jakin dezaket zein instalatu behar den hargune babes zuzena?prosurge2017-10-31T17:28:05+08:00

Nola jakin dezaket zein instalatu behar den hargune babes zuzena?

Instalazioen babes zuzena bermatzeko funtsezko faktorea da olatu-jauzitzaile egokiak aukeratzea. Gaizki diseinatutako Lightning & Surge babes sistema batek SPD zahartzea eta instalazioko babes gailuen balizko hutsegiteak ekar ditzake, lehen mailako sistemak kaltetzea ahalbidetuz, horrela instalatzen den babesaren arrazoia garaituz.

Prosurge-k ez du arau eta giden multzo bat ematen babes-sistemaren diseinu egokia diseinatzeko. Hala ere, IEC eta UL tximista eta orekako babesaren arauak jarraitzen ditugu. Horretarako, estandararen arauetan ezarritako kaskadako sistema bat ematen dugu, ez Prosurge-ren arauak.

Industri aplikazioen alorrean, praktika estandar bat da, igarotzako babes sistema bat instalatzeko fase ezberdinetan (LPZ) babestutako hainbat gailu koordinatuetan oinarrituta. Estrategia horren onurak instalazioen sarreratik gertu dagoen alta-ahalmen handia ematen du, tentsio baxuko tentsio baxua (babes maila) ekipamendu sentikorren instalazio nagusian.

Sistema babesaren diseinua, beste faktore batzuen artean, informazioaren ebaluazioan oinarritzen da, esate baterako, tximista baten (Lightning Protection System) eta sartzen diren elikatze-lerroen, bigarren mailako ekipamenduen eta datuen sistemen arabera.

Soluzioek aldi berean Transmisio edo Iraunkorren (TOV) gain eraginak edo haien kontra (T + P) kontrako babesak ematen dituzte.

Azken produktuaren aukeraketa parametroen araberakoa da, esate baterako: instalazio mota, sareko deskonektatze mota (MCB edo RCDren funtzionamendua), autozirkulazio automatikoa, haustura-ahalmena eta abar.

Normalean, IEC61643 erreferentzia egin dezakezu - Behe-tentsioko gailuen aurkako babes gailuak - 12. zatia: Tentsio baxuko energia banatzeko sistemetara konektatutako gainkarga gailuak - Aukeraketa eta aplikazio printzipioak

Tximistek sistema fotovoltaikoa suntsitu dezakete?prosurge2017-10-31T17:26:31+08:00

Tximistek sistema fotovoltaikoa suntsitu dezakete?

Sistemako fotovoltaikoak teknologikoki oso sentikorrak dira eta tximistako greba zuzen batek suntsitu egingo luke. Beste arrisku bat ere badago, tximista batek etengabeko tentsioa sor dezake eguzkiaren energia sistemaren ondoan eta gainbeherako tentsio horiek sistema suntsitu dezakete. Gurpila babesaren premia nagusia da. Normalean, inbertsoreak etengailuen tentsioko babesak sartuko ditu inbertsoreetan. Hala ere, osagai horiek tentsio tentsio txikiak bakarrik deskargatzen dituztela, zarataren babeserako gailuak (SPD) erabiltzea gomendatzen da kasu partikularretan.

Joule ratings SPD erabilitako zehaztapenak dira?prosurge2017-10-31T17:25:41+08:00

Joule ratings SPD erabilitako zehaztapenak dira?

Antzinean, fabrikatzaile batzuek joule ratings erabiltzen dituzte beren zehaztapenetan. Ez dira SPD errendimenduaren adierazle ona eta ez dute erakunde estandarrik aitortzen. Prosurge-k ez du zehaztapen hau onartzen.

"Erantzun denbora" baliozko zehaztapena da?prosurge2017-10-31T17:24:47+08:00

"Erantzun denbora" baliozko zehaztapena da?

Erantzunaren denbora zehaztapenak ez dira inongo arau-erakundeek onartzen Surge Protective Devices.IEEE C62.62 Standard Test Espezifikazioa SPDs bereziki aipatzen ez da zehaztapen gisa erabili behar.

Zein dira AEBetan erabilitako potentzia-sistema desberdinak eta zein dira babes-beharrak?prosurge2017-10-31T17:23:39+08:00

Zein dira AEBetan erabilitako potentzia-sistema desberdinak eta zein dira babes-beharrak?

AEBetako botere banaketa sistema TN-CS sistema da. Horrek esan nahi du Neutro eta Lurreko zuzendariak zerbitzu bakoitzaren zerbitzura sartzen direla, eta behin, instalazio edo bereizitako eratorrien azpisistema. Horrek esan nahi du zerbitzu-sarrerako panelean instalatutako SPD anitzeko moduko neutral-to-lurrean (NG) babes modua funtsean erredundantea dela. NG lotura-puntutik haratago, hala nola adar banaketa-paneletan, babes-modu gehigarri horren beharra gehiago bermatzen da. NG babesaren moduaz gain, SPD batzuk linealtara (LN) eta line-to-line (LL) babesak izan ditzakete. WYE sistemaren hiru fasetan, LL babesaren beharra zalantzagarria da LN babesaren orekari esker, LL zuzendarientzako babes neurri bat ere ematen du.
National Electrical Code® (NEC®) 2002 edizioaren aldaketak (www.nfpa.org) SPDak erabiltzea galarazi du delta gabeko kanalen banaketa sistemetan. Adierazpen nahiko zabala honen atzean SPDek ez lukete LGri lotzeko asmorik, babes-moduei esker, sistema flotatzaileak sasi-arrazoiak sortzen ari dira. LL konektatutako babes-moduak, ordea, onargarriak dira. Goi-hankatako delta sistemak oinarrizko sistema da eta horregatik, LL eta LN edo LG konektatzeko moduak babesteko moduak onartzen ditu.

Nola instalatzen da SPDen funtzionamenduan eragina?prosurge2017-10-31T17:19:51+08:00

Nola instalatzen da SPDen funtzionamenduan eragina?

SPDen instalazioa maiz ulertzen da. SPD on bat, gaizki instalatuta, benetako bizi-areagotze baldintzetan onura txikia izan daiteke. Uneko korrontearen abiadura oso altua, zurrunbiloaren iraupenaren tipikoa, SPD-k panelarekin edo ekipoekin babesten dituen konektoreen tentsio esanguratsuak garatuko ditu. Horrek esan nahi du tentsioak baino altuagoa izan daitekeela ekipamendua iritsi arte. Prosurge-k efektu hori aurre egiteko neurriak proposatzen ditu SPD-a kokatzea, konektatzeko berunezko luzerak ahalik eta laburrak izan daitezen, eramaten horiek batera elkarrekin jarrita. AWG kablea astunagoak erabiliz, neurri batean laguntzen du, baina hau bigarren eskuko efektua baino ez da. Garrantzitsua da zirkuitu babestuak eta babesik gabeak izatea eta energia iragankorreko gurutzaketa akoplamendua ez izatea.

Zein da zerbitzu-sarrerako babesaren gaineko balorazio praktikoa?prosurge2017-10-31T17:17:34+08:00

Zein da zerbitzu-sarrerako babesaren gaineko balorazio praktikoa?

Galdera zaila da eta alderdi askoren araberakoa da - guneen esposizioa, eskualdeko okeraunik maila eta hornikuntza hornikuntza. Tximistako probabilitatearen azterketa estatistiko batek erakusten du batez besteko tenperaturaren alta 30 eta 40kA artean dagoela, eta 10% tximisten isurien% 100kA gainditzen duten bitartean. Garraio transmisioko greba bat dela eta, banaketa bideak zenbaki bat jasotzen duen uneko korrontea partekatuko duenez, instalazioak sartzearen egungo errealitatea tximistako greba baino askoz ere txikiagoa izan daiteke.

ANSI / IEEE C62.41.1-2002 estandarrak ingurune elektrikoa karakterizatu nahi du instalazio guztietan kokapen ezberdinetan. Zerbitzuaren kokapenaren kokapena zehazten du B eta C inguruko ingurune batean, 10kA 8 / 20-ra igo daitezkeen korronteak kokapen horiekin. Hori esanda, ingurune hauei dagozkien SPDak sarritan baloratzen dira maila horietan, ustiapeneko bizitza-itxaropen egokia eskaintzeko, 100kA / fasea tipikoa izanik.

Zein dira surges iragankorrak eta aldi baterako tentsioak, eta zein ezaugarri tipikoak dira?prosurge2017-10-31T17:16:14+08:00

Zein dira surges iragankorrak eta aldi baterako tentsioak, eta zein ezaugarri tipikoak dira?

Gorakadaren industrian termino bereizi gisa erabili ohi diren arren, Iragankorrak eta Uhinak fenomeno bera dira. Iragankorrak eta Korronteek korrontea, tentsioa edo biak izan daitezke eta 10kA edo 10kV-tik gorako balio maximoak izan ditzakete. Normalean oso iraupen laburrekoak izaten dira (normalean> 10 µs eta <1 ms), gailurrera oso azkar igotzen den uhin-formarekin eta gero abiadura askoz motelagoarekin erortzen dira. Iragankorrak eta gainazalak kanpoko iturriek sor ditzakete, hala nola tximistak edo zirkuitulaburrak, edo barne iturrietatik, hala nola, kontaktoreen aldatzea, abiadura aldakorreko unitateak, kondentsadoreen aldatzea, etab.

Tentsioak baino gehiagotan aldi baterako (TOV) oszilazio fasean edo fase batetik besterako faseak tentsioak baino gutxiagotan irauten duten edo zenbait minutu iraun dezakete. TOVen iturriak honako hauek dira: hutsegitea berriro kargatzeko, kargatzeko kommutazioa, lurzoruaren inpedantzia aldakuntzak, muga bakarreko akatsak eta ferroresonantzia efektuak batzuk aipatzearren. Tentsio potentzialki altuak eta iraupen luzeak direla-eta, TOVek MOVen oinarritutako SPDen kaltegarriak izan daitezke. TOV hedatuak SPDren kalte iraunkorrak sor ditzake eta unitatea inoperable bihurtzen du. Kontuan izan UL 1449 (XNUMxd edizioa) SPD-k ez duela segurtasun-arriskurik sortzen baldintza horietan, SPDak ez ditu TOVen aurka babesten.

SPDak zuzeneko tximisten aurkako babesak ekiditen ditu?prosurge2017-10-31T17:13:42+08:00

SPDak zuzeneko tximisten aurkako babesak ekiditen ditu?

Zuzeneko argiztapen greba kontra babestea da gehien indartsu eta zaila. Prosurge-k gomendatzen du Sistema elektrikoaren oinarrizko eta lotesle egokia eta sentsoreen babes egokia erabiltzea ekipamendu sentikorrak babestea. SPDk goragoko uneko korronte nominal altuena onena gertaera mota honen aurka egingo du, unitatea behar bezala instalatuta badago eta oinarrizko sistema egokia badago. Gehienezko muga bakarra korronte korronte hau IEEE SPD Standard C62.62-en definituta dago.

Zer da Tentsio Ratinga (SVR) eta Tentsioaren Babesaren (VPR) balorazioa?prosurge2017-10-31T17:10:31+08:00

Zer da Tentsio Ratinga (SVR) eta Tentsioaren Babesaren (VPR) balorazioa?

SVR UL 1449 Edition bertsio zaharragoa zen eta ez da UL 1449 estandarrean erabiltzen. SVR VPR ordeztu da.

VPR UL 1449 3rd Edition-ren parte da, eta SPD-ren konfigurazioko datuak jasotzen ditu. SPD modua bakoitza 6kV / 3kA konbinazio-olatuen olatu baten menpe dago eta bere neurtze-balioa neurtzen da X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Z

Nola funtzionatzen dute UL 96Ari lotutako SPDak?prosurge2017-10-31T17:05:54+08:00

Nola funtzionatzen dute UL 96Ari lotutako SPDak?

UL 96A Lightning Protection sistemen estandarra da. UL 96A biltzeko eraikin baterako, motako 1 SPD bat behar da, 20kA instalazio nominaleko Alta Deskargaren korrontea instalazio zerbitzuan instalatuta.

Nola funtzionatzen du motak 1 SPD motako 2 SPDrekin?prosurge2017-10-31T17:01:51+08:00

Nola funtzionatzen du motak 1 SPD motako 2 SPDrekin?

Mota 1 eta Type 2 SPD motaen arteko desberdintasun nagusiak hauek dira:

Kanpo gainkarga babesteko. Idatzi 2 SPD-ak kanpoko korronteak eska ditzake
babesa edo SPDren barne. Idatzi 1 SPDak, oro har, besteak beste
SPDaren gaineko babes-gainkarga edo beste baldintza batzuk asetzeko
arauaren arabera; Horrela, Idatzi 1 SPDak eta motako 2 SPDak kanpokoak behar ez dituztela
Gehiegizko babes-gailuek gaizki instalatzen dute
baloratu (ez datoz bat) SPDren aurkako babesa duen gailua.
Kargu nominala Oraingo Ratings. Isurketa nominal nominal erabilgarria (uneko)
Mota motako 1 SPDak 10 kA edo 20 kA dira; Hala ere, motako 2 SPDek 3 izan dezakete
kA, 5 kA, 10 kA edo 20 kA Deskarga nominala Oraingo balorazioak.
UL 1283 EMI / RFI iragaztea. UL 1449 zerrendatutako SPD batzuek iragazki zirkuituak dituzte
UL 1283 (interferentzia elektromagnetikoen estandarra) ebaluatu dira
Iragazkiak) iragazkia. Hauek dira UL UL 1283 iragazkia eta UL gisa sailkatuta
1449 SPD. Definizioa eta UL 1283 esparruaren arabera, UL 1283 Zerrendatutako iragazkiak dira
Karga-aldeko aplikazioak bakarrik ebaluatu dira, ez lerro-aldeko aplikazioak.
Ondorioz, ULek ez du zerrenda osagarria Mota 1 SPD gisa UL 1283 Zerrendatutako gisa
iragazkia. Hala ere, motako 1 SPD batek UL 1283 iragazkia Aitortu bezala onartu dezake
Zerrenda motako 1 SPD baten osagaia, guztiz ebaluatu dena lerroen lerroan
erabilera. Produktu horien fabrikatzaileak, oro har, SPD berdinak eskaintzen ditu
Idatzi 2 UL 1449 zerrendatutako SPD zerrenda osagarria, UL 1283 zerrenda bezala
iragazkia.
Kondentsadoreak. Mota motako 1 SPDetan erabilitako kondentsadoreak ebaluatu daitezke segurtasunerako
motako 2 SPDetan baino. Zehaztutako 1 SPD aplikazioko kondentsadore guztiak
UL 810 (Capacitors estandarra) ebaluatu da. Horrek iragaziko ditu kondentsadoreak
UL 1283 (Interferentzia Elektromagnetikoen Iragazkien estandarra)
aplikazioak. X 2 SPD motako konpresoreak UL 1414 ebaluatzen dira (Standard for
Capacitors and Suppressors for Radio and Television-Type Appliances) eta / edo
UL 1283 (Interferentzia elektromagnetikoen iragazkientzako estandarra).

Zer dira UL SPD motako kategoriak eta zer esan nahi dute?prosurge2017-10-31T16:58:48+08:00

Zer dira UL SPD motako kategoriak eta zer esan nahi dute?

Idatzi 1 SPDak (Zerrenda) - Debekatuta dauden SPDetarako konexio iraunkorrak eta hard-wired
Zerbitzuaren transformadorearen bigarren eta bigarren mailako lerroaren arteko instalazioa
Zerbitzu ekipoak gailurretarako gailurretarako, baita kargaren alboan ere
zerbitzu-ekipamendua (hau da, motako 1-en banaketa edozein tokitan instalatu daiteke
sistema). Idatzi 1 SPDak watt-orduko metroko socket motako espediente motako SPDak sartzen ditu. Estan egotea
Zerbitzuaren lerroa deskonektatu egiten da, non ez diren gailu babes gehiegirik
SPD bat babestea, motako 1 SPDak kanpoalderako kanpoko erabilerarik gabe zerrendatu behar dira
babes-gailua. 1 SPD motako Deskarga Nominaleko Oraingo Ratinga bai
10kA edo 20kA.

Idatzi 2 SPDak (Zerrenda) - Debekatuta dauden SPDetarako konexio iraunkorrak eta hard-wired
Instalazio-ekipo nagusien karga-ekipoaren gaineko korrontearen gaineko instalazioa.
SPD hauek zerbitzu ekipo nagusian ere instalatu daitezke, baina instalatu behar dira
Zerbitzu nagusiaren gaineko korrontearen babes-gailuaren karga. Idatzi 2 SPDak agian
Ez dute eskatzen NRTLen zerrendako gehiegizko babes-gailua. Zehatz bat bada
Gehiegizko babesak behar dira, SPD-ren NRTL zerrendaren fitxategia eta etiketatze / argibideak
beharrezkoa da gainkarga babeserako gailuaren tamaina eta motaren arabera. Oharra: zenbaitetan
Kasu horretan, erabilitako gainkarga babeserako gailuak nominalaren alta nominala eragin dezake
SPD. Esate baterako, SPDk 10 kA nominaleko alta-uneko balioa izan dezake
30 Amp zirkuituen breaker batek eta 20 kA nominalaren alta korrontearen arabera
balorazioa, gainazalaren beste eredu eta modelo zehatz batek babesten duenean
babes-gailua. 2 SPD motako Deskarga Nominalaren balio nominala 3 kA, 5 da
kA, 10 kA edo 20 kA.

Idatzi 3 SPDs (Zerrenda) - SPD hauek deitzen dira, 'SPD erabiltzeko puntua', zein diren
10 metroko (30 oinetan) gutxieneko kondentsadorearen luzera instalatu behar duzu
Zerbitzu-panelak mota honetako 2 SPDetan ebaluatzen ez badira (hau da, Nominal bat jasotzen dute
Deskargatzeko uneko balorazioa 3 kA gutxieneko). Normalean, kableak konektatuta daude
zerrendak, zuzeneko SPD konektoreak, edo ekipo-ekipoetan instalatutako SPDko erretilu motak
babestuta (ordenagailuak, kopiatzeko makinak, eta abar).

Idatzi 1, 2, 3 osagaien muntaia SPDak (osagai aitortuak) - SPD hauek dira
banaketa elektrikoen ekipamenduan edo azken erabileran instalatutako fabrika izan nahi du
ekipamendua. Hauek dira osagai aitortuak SPDak ebaluatu diren motako 1, 2 edo 3 erabiltzeko
SPD aplikazioak. Osagai SPDek segurtasun elektrikoaren porrota bera gainditu behar dute
Mota 1, 2 edo 3 SPD gisa zerrendatutako probak. SPD hauek 100% segurtasunetik betetzen diren bitartean
hutsegiteen ikuspuntutik, SPD motako 1, 2 eta 3 osagai multzoek dute
onargarritasun baldintzak, hala nola jasan terminalak edo beste eraikuntza mekanikoa
zerrendatutako muntaia batean instalatu edo gorde behar dutenean babesak emateko
zuzeneko piezen edo bestelako eskakizunen esposizioaz. Mota hauek 1, 2 edo 3 Onartuak dira
Osagai SPDak ez dira nahastu behar ANSI / UL 1449-2006 motako 4 osagaiekin
Osagaiak osagaiak behar dituzten SPD osagai diskretuak 5 osatzeko eta osatzeko
(seguruenik segurtasun deskonektoreak), diseinua eta probak areagotu egin behar dira
babes-gailua.

Idatzi 4 osagaien muntaia SPD (osagai aitortua) - osagai horiek
Multzokatze bat edo gehiago Mota 5 SPD osagaiak dira, eta deskonektatzaile batekin
(integrala edo kanpokoa) edo UL 1449-en uneko probabilitate mugatuen betekizunak betetzeko bitartekoa,
39.4 atala. Hauek dira SPD osoko multzoak, normalean instalatuta
Azkenean erabilitako azken produktuen zerrendak onartzen dira onargarritasun baldintza guztiak betetzen dituztela. Mota hau 4
Osagai batzarrak SPD gisa osatu gabe daude, ebaluazio gehiago eskatzen dute eta ez dira
eremuan SPD autonomiadun gisa instalatuta baimentzen du. Sarritan, gailu horiek behar dituzte
gainkarga babes gehigarria.

Idatzi 5 SPD (osagaiak aitortuta) - Osagai diskretuen igoera babesteko gailuak,
hala nola, inprimatutako kableatzeko taulan muntatuta dauden MOVs, esate baterako, bere kableekin konektatuta edo
Zirkulazio barruan sarraila eta kable bidezko terminazioak eskaintzen dira. Mota hauek
5 SPD osagaiak SPD gisa osatu gabe daude, ebaluazio gehiago eskatzen dute eta ez dira
eremuan SPD autonomiadun gisa instalatuta baimentzen du. Idatzi 5 SPDak oro har
Osagaiak SPD osagaiak diseinatzeko eta eraikitzeko erabiltzen diren osagaiak edo beste SPD batzuk
batzarrak.

Zein da UL Zirkuitu Laburrerako Uneko Puntuazioa (SCCR)?prosurge2017-10-31T16:52:02+08:00

Zein da UL Zirkuitu Laburrerako Uneko Puntuazioa (SCCR)?

SSCR-Zirkuitu Laburrerako Uneko Puntuazioa. SPDren egokitasuna AC korronte zirkuituan erabiltzeko egokia den zirkuitu zirkuitu batean erregistratuta dagoen tentsio deklaratu baten rms simetriko deklaratu bat baino gehiago ematea da. SCCR ez da AIC (Amp eteteko ahalmena) bezalakoa. SCCR-k "eskuragarri" dagoen zenbatekoa da, SPDa zirkuitu zirkuituetan baldintzatuta dagoen eta segurtasunez itzaltzeko gai den korrontea. SPDk "eten" den uneko zenbatekoa normalean "eskuragarri" dagoen unetik baino gutxiagokoa da.

UL 1449 eta National Electric Code (NEC) SCCC (Short Circuit Current Rating) SPD unitate guztietan markatu behar dituzte. Ez da igoeraren balorazioa, baizik eta eguneko gehienezko zorroa SPD batek huts egin dezake. NEC / ULk SPD bat probatu eta eten beharra du SCCR-k sisteman puntu horretan dagoen akatsen korrontearen berdina edo handiagoa den edo.

Zer da garrantzitsua SPDa zehaztea?prosurge2017-10-31T16:31:39+08:00

Zer da garrantzitsua SPDa zehaztea?

SPD zehaztutakoan, aurkeztu zehaztapen argi eta zehatza, beharrezkoa den errendimendua eta diseinuaren ezaugarriak zehaztuz. Gutxieneko zehaztapenak honakoak izan beharko lirateke:

• UL saioaren balorazioa

• Konpresioaren balorazioa

• Zirkuitu laburren sailkapena

• Gehienezko goranzko korrontea modu bakoitzeko (LN, LG, eta NG)

• Zerbitzu elektrikoaren tentsioa eta konfigurazioa

Zer da Surge Protective Device edo Surge Arrestor (SPD)?prosurge2017-10-31T16:30:05+08:00

Zer da Surge Protective Device edo Surge Arrestor (SPD)?

SPD gailu elektrikoentzako surge energia mugatzeko diseinatutako gailu bat da. Horretarako, goranzko korrontea desbideratzen edo mugatzen du. SPD bat babesten duen ekipoarekin paraleloan dago. Oztopo tentsioa bere diseinatutako balorazioa gainditzen duenean "abiarazten hasten da" eta zuzenean energia elektrikoaren sistemara eramaten hasten da. SPDk erresistentzia handia du une honetan eta "shorts" energia lurrean. Orduan gorantz doa, "irekitzen" da, eta, beraz, ez du aktibatu upstream zirkuitu bihurgailuak.